Methodological Guide to Co-design Climate-smart Options with Family Farmers

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) seeks to improve productivity for the achievement of food security (pillar 1: Productivity), to develop a better ability to adapt (pillar 2: Adaptation), and to limit greenhouse gas emissions (pillar 3: Mitigation). Technical and organizational innovations are needed to find synergies among those three pillars. Innovation (its creation and its operation) is a social phenomenon. Many studies worldwide have shown that promoting a sustainable change and innovation within organizations has to be analyzed and implemented with stakeholders. Thus, the ability of local actors to tackle climate change and mitigate its effects will depend on their ability to innovate and mobilize material and non-material resources, to articulate links among national policies, not only between themselves, but also undertaking actions at the local level. To support stakeholders in the development of responses to this challenge, we propose the development of open innovation platforms, in which all local actors may participate. These platforms are virtual, physical, or physico-virtual spaces to learn, jointly conceive, and transform different situations; they are generated by individuals with different origins, different backgrounds and interests (Pali and Swaans, 2013).The purpose of this manual is to provide a seven-step methodology to allow family farmers to co-build and adopt CSA options to tackle climate change in an open innovation platfor

Injury risks for fitness instructors: a review of key factors

The labour risks control is an occupational health concern. Fitness participants have been increasing in the last years (Lindwall, 2004). Clients’ demand and the increase in classes number take the fitness instructors (FI) to a higher injuries exposure due to high workload. It is possible to observe several variations in aerobic dance, cycling, pilates, strength training, flexibility and balance. The main differences are in the cardiovascular intensities and the low to high impact dance (Van Mechelen, Hlobil & Kemper, 1992). The FI are exposed to high volumes of classes and injuries risks due to the high number of students and classes (Couto et al., 2016). As far as our understanding goes, FI are 50% more prone to injuries incidence in comparison to students. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess by a bibliographic research the health and injuries risk in FI. This is a bibliographic review made in PUBMED, Google Scholar, SCIELO and Web of Science. The used keywords were “fitness instructors injuries”, “fitness professor’s injuries”, and “fitness instructor’s risks”. From an analysis of 23 papers, ten were chosen considering title and abstract. After a full integral analysis, only five papers were selected for revision. The others did not aimed to analyse the injuries and the health risks for FI. The selected papers approached the injuries and health risk factors for FI. There is a positive and significant correlation between the formation levels and injuries incidence prevention in FI and students (Malek, Nalbone, Berger & Coburn, 2002). FI with higher classification prevent higher frequency of injuries events. The injuries prevalence was superior in FI than in students (72.4 – 75.9% and 22.8 – 43.3% respectively) (Mutoh, Sawai, Takanashi & Skurko, 1998; Francis, Francis & Welshons-Smith, 1985). The injuries were general inflammations, muscle strains or sprains and stress fractures by overuse (Rothenberger, Chang & Cable, 1988). The FI are more exposed to injuries than students are (0.17 injuries/100h vs 0.15/100h of practice, respectively) and about 77% of the injuries were in the lower limbs (Garrick, Gillien & Whiteside, 1986). There is a lack of research in FI injuries risk of factors. However, FI seem to have a higher exposure to injuries in comparison to students. The high workload seem to be determinant to the incidence of overuse injuries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effects of 6-month multi-component exercise intervention on body composition in aged women: a single-arm experimental with follow-up study

Multicomponent exercise programs, which combine multiple modalities such as aerobic exercises, strength training exercises, flexibility exercises, and balance exercises, can help to promote healthy aging and prevent chronic diseases in aged women. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine if a multicomponent exercise program could improve body composition in community- dwelling aged women. A 6-month single-arm quasi-experimental research was conducted using a multicomponent exercise program for older adults. The sample included 38 women with a mean age of 63.50 years (SD = 6.47 years). Body composition and anthropometric measurement was conducted from baseline (T1), after intervention (T2), and follow-Up (T3). In addition, after exercise intervention, a significant difference with moderate to large effects was reported for fat mass [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.001)], bone density [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.05)], percentage of water [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.001)], and a metabolic equivalent task [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.05]. Additionally, a significant large effect size between T1 and T2 was verified. However, body composition indicators seem to decrease below baseline levels after concluding exercise intervention (T3). Muscle mass decreased significantly after exercise intervention and mean scores were lower compared to baseline data (T1). Thus, a positive effect of the multicomponent exercise program on body composition was established in this group of community-dwelling aged women. However, the relative improvement in body fat and muscle mass were lost after the exercise program’s conclusion for values below the baselines. Avoiding detraining periods is, therefore, fundamental to maintaining the normal relative body composition.This research was funded by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., grant number UIDB/04748/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Indicadores econômicos da produção orgânica de minitomate em casas de vegetação

Financial profitability is a factor as important as quantifying production using new technologies. This study was installed to evaluate short and long term financial viability of organic production of cherry tomatoes. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under diverse technological degrees for partial control of micrometeorological elements. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field FEAGRI/UNICAMP in three greenhouses with automated mechanical ventilation systems, evaporative cooling and thermo reflective screen. We cultivated Carolina cultivar in a spacing of 0.5x0.9 m, each plant conducted with two stems, under organic production and fertilization management. The average of production data of treatments {three greenhouses (A= climate-controlled, B= mobile screen and C= fixed screen), two cultivation systems (pots and soil beds) and five biofertilizer doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200%)} were evaluated using joint analysis. Thus, the economic indicators {cost benefit ratio (B/C), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and Payback (PV)} were evaluated through revenues and production costs. The best alternative to net monthly cycle profitability (500 m2) was approximately 1 and 1.5 minimum wage with and without particular labor, respectively, associated with the greenhouse of medium technological level, using soil bed cultivation system. The economic viability of the project in long-term interest rates above 3% (a.a) was consistent, but the payback period even with a rate of 1% a.a was high (6.54 years) in financing conditions.362246252A rentabilidade financeira é um fator tão importante quanto quantificar a produção utilizando novas tecnologias. Assim, objetivou-se analisar em curto e longo prazo a rentabilidade financeira da produção orgânica de minitomates em casas de vegetação com diferentes graus tecnológicos de controle parcial dos elementos micrometeorológicos. O experimento foi desenvolvido no campo experimental da FEAGRI/UNICAMP (SP) em três casas de vegetação com sistemas automatizados de ventilação mecânica, resfriamento evaporativo e tela termorrefletora, sendo estas cultivadas com a cultivar Carolina em espaçamento 0,5x0,9 m em duas hastes, e manejo da produção e adubação orgânica. As médias dos dados de produção dos tratamentos {três casas de vegetação (A= climatizada, B= tela móvel e C= tela fixa), duas formas de cultivo (vasos e canteiros) e cinco doses de biofertilizante (0, 50, 100, 150, e 200%)} foram avaliadas em análise conjunta. Assim, avaliou-se através das receitas e custos de produção os indicadores econômicos {relação benefício custo (B/C), valor presente líquido (VPL), Taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e Payback (PV)}. De acordo com os resultados, a melhor alternativa de rentabilidade líquida mensal ciclo (500 m2) foi de aproximadamente 1 e 1,5 salários mínimo para a condição com e sem mão de obra particular, respectivamente, associado à casa de vegetação de médio grau tecnológico, utilizando a forma de cultivo em canteiros. A viabilidade econômica do projeto em longo prazo a taxas de juros acima de 3% (a.a) mostrou-se consistente, porém o período de payback mesmo à taxa de juros 1% a.a foi elevada (6,54 anos) em condições de financiamento

Barriers and challenges in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of breast cancer patients

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. This disease represents one of the main points of public health concern today, aggravating the situation due to the numerous barriers to preventing, treating, and rehabilitation patients affected by this health condition. In this way, this letter to the editor aims to discuss the barriers and challenges in preventing, treating, and rehabilitating breast cancer patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Morphologic and morphometric study of the musculus obliquus dorsalis of the dog

In the present investigation, the dorsal oblique muscle of the right ocular globe was removed from six adult dogs weighing 40-50 kg and analyzed by light microscopy. Muscle samples were taken from the central portion of the muscle belly, subsequently ultrafrozen, cut and stained with m-ATPase at pH 4.6. Fibers were classified as type I or type II according to their reaction to the m-ATPase and detailed morphologic and morphometric studies were made. The muscles showed two clearly distinct layers, a central layer and a peripheral layer, mainly composed of type II fibers. The fibers in the central layer were larger in size than those in the peripheral layer. The peculiar stratigraphy of the dorsal oblique muscle should be taken into account when performing analyses of this muscle and investigating the significance of the fiber types it contains.En el presente trabajo se han extraído, de los globos oculares derechos, de seis perros adultos de 40-50 kilogramos de peso, los músculos oblicuos dorsales y analizados con microscopia de luz. Las muestras musculares para su análisis se tomaron de la porción central del vientre muscular y fueron ultracongeladas, cortadas y teñidas por la técnica de m-ATPasa a pH 4,6. Las fibras se clasificaron en tipo I y tipo II en virtud a su reacción frente a la m-ATPasa, realizándose un detallado estudio morfológico y morfométrico. Los músculos presentaron dos estratos netamente diferenciados, uno central y otro periférico, compuestos mayoritariamente por fibras tipo II. Las fibras del estrato central presentaron un mayor tamaño que las correspondientes del estrato periférico. La peculiar estratigrafía del músculo oblicuo dorsal debería tenerse en consideración al analizar este músculo e investigar el significado de los tipos fibrilares que contien

Perfis de força: velocidade no sprint em jogadores portugueses de futebol e futsal: um estudo piloto transversal

Background: Sprint running is a key factor of performance for team sports as football and futsal. Force-power-velocity relationships and mechanical effectiveness have been recently used to analyse force-velocity (F-V) profiles. The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to quantify the sprint mechanical F-V profiles in Portuguese football and futsal players; (2) to analyse differences among sexes, competitive levels and sports on sprint mechanical variables in Portuguese football and futsal players. Methods: Four football players (2 mens) and four futsal players (2 mens), aged 26 ± 4.24 years, performed a 3 maximal sprints of 30 m from a standing position with 4 min of rest between successive sprints. Video data was collected with a Go Pro Hero (Full HD 1080p, 30 fps). Force-velocity profile was obtained with time motion data: F0 (N/kg), V0 (m/s), Pmax (W/kg), Sfv, RFmax (%), DRF (%), Vopt (m/s) and max speed (m/s). Results: Men’s players showed a higher V0 (t = -7.12;p<0.001,d=5.04),Vopt (t=-2.90;p≤ 0.05,d=2.05)andmaxspeed(t=-5.09;p≤ 0.05, d = 3.60) than women players. No differences with statistical significance were observed among competitive levels and sports. Conclusion: These results showed that the sprint mechanical F-V profiles is able to distinguish between men and women football and futsal players. No differences among competitive levels could be due to the low competitive level of the sample. Future research should include different competitive level such as elite, sub-elite and recreational.Enqudramento – O sprint é um fator determinante para o desempenho em desportos coletivos como o futebol e o futsal. As relações força-potência-velocidade e eficácia mecânica têm sido recentemente utilizadas para analisar perfis de força-velocidade (F-V). O objetivo deste estudo era duplo: (1) quantificar os perfis biomecânicos F-V do sprint em jogadores de futebol e futsal portugueses; (2) analisar diferenças entre sexos, níveis competitivos e desportos nas variáveis em estudo. Métodos – 4 jogadores de futebol (2 homens) e 4 jogadores de futsal (2 homens), com 26 ± 4,24 anos, realizaram 3 sprints máximos de 30 m a partir de uma posição de pé com 4 min de descanso entre sprints sucessivos. Foram recolhidos dados de vídeo com um Go Pro Hero (Full HD 1080p, 30 fps). O perfil de força- velocidade foi obtido com: F0 (N/kg), V0 (m/s), Pmax (W/kg), Sfv, RFmax (%), DRF (%), Vopt (m/s) e velocidade máxima (m/s). Results – Os jogadores masculinos mostraram umV0 (t=-7,12;p<0,001,d=5,04),Vopt (t=- 2,90; p ≤ 0,05, d = 2,05) e velocidade máxima (t =-5,09;p≤0,05,d=3,60)maisaltadoque nas jogadoras femininas. Não foram observadas diferenças com significado estatístico entre os níveis competitivos e o desporto. Conclusão – Estes resultados mostraram que os perfis mecânicos de sprint (F-V) são capazes de diferenciar entre jogadores masculinos e femininos de futebol e jogadores de futsal. Nenhuma diferença entre os níveis competitivos pode dever-se ao baixo nível competitivo da amostra. A investigação futura deve incluir diferentes níveis competitivos, tais como elite, subelite e recreativo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimization and kinetic study of biodiesel production through esterification of oleic acid applying ionic liquids as catalysts

In this study, 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, [HMIM]HSO4, ionic liquid, was successfully applied as a catalyst in the biodiesel production through the esterification reaction of oleicacid withmethanol.A response surface methodology (RSM) known as Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to optimize the main experimental reaction conditions,using a set of 27 experiments.This optimization was based on the maximization of both the conversion of oleic acid and the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) content of the obtained biodiesel samples.It was concluded that the two most relevant parameters for both the conversionand the FAME content were the molar ratio between oleic acid and methanol and the catalyst dosage.Accordingly to the model,the optimum condition for the maximum conversion was determined as being 8h, 110 ± 2°C, 15:1M ratio methanol/oleic acid and a catalyst dosage of 15wt%,resulting in a 95% conversion and for the maximum FAME content were 8h,110 ± 2°C,14:1M ratio and a catalyst dosage of 14wt%,leading to a FAME content of 90%. The kinetics of the esterification reaction was also evaluated,and the experimental results were well described using a third-order reaction model. The kinetic parameters were experimentally determined,and the value of the activation energy was 6.8kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor was 0.0765L2.mol−2.min−1 confirming that the ionic liquid,[HMIM]HSO4,is a good alternative for replacing traditional catalysts for biodiesel production through esterification reaction.The authors hereby acknowledge Dr. Isabel Patrícia Fernandes and Prof. Dr. Filomena Barreiro, for the support provided regarding the FTIR analysis, and Eng. Cristiana Brás Meireles. Also, the authors express their gratitude to Instituto Politécnico de Bragança and Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

What we need to know about exercise, neurodegenerative disease and ageing? A Systematic Review.

As doenças neurode-generativas são caracterizadas por um conjunto de patologias crónicas e irreversíveis do sistema nervoso. Até ao momento não foram realizadas revisões de literatura que relacionem o exercício, as doença neurodegenerativas e o envelhecimento. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi analisar a literatura actual sobre os efeitos e associações entre o exercício físico em quatro doenças neurodegenerativas: Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington e Demência Vascular.Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a set of chronic and irreversible pathologies of the nervous system. As well as know, no literature reviews have been conducted to link exercise, neurodegenerative disease and ageing. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to analyse the current literature about the effects and associations amongst exercise on four neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington and Vascular Dementia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Integrating physical and tactical factors in football using positional data: a systematic review

Positional data have been used to capture physical and tactical factors in football, however current research is now looking to apply spatiotemporal parameters from an integrative perspective. Thus, the aim of this article was to systematically review the published articles that integrate physical and tactical variables in football using positional data. Methods and Materials: Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed from earliest record to August 2021. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the modified Downs and Black Quality Index (observational and cross-sectional studies) and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (intervention studies). Results: The literature search returned 982 articles (WoS = 495; PubMed = 232 and SportDiscus = 255). After screening, 26 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria and data extraction was conducted. All studies considered the integration of physical and tactical variables in football using positional data (n = 26). Other dimensions were also reported, such as psychophysiological and technical factors, however the results of these approaches were not the focus of the analysis (n = 5). Quasi-experimental approaches considered training sets (n = 20) and match contexts (n = 6). One study analysed both training and play insights. Small sided-games (SSG) were the most common training task formats in the reviewed studies, with only three articles addressing medium-sided (MSG) (n = 1) and large-sided games (LSG) (n = 2), respectively. Conclusions: Among the current systematic review, the physical data can be integrated by player’s movement speed. Positional datasets can be computed by spatial movement, complex indexes, playing areas, intra-team and inter-team dyads. Futures researches should consider applying positional data in women’s football environments and explore the representativeness of the MSG and LSG.This research was supported by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (project UIDB/04045/2020). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio