140 research outputs found
Spatial epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a municipality of west São Paulo State, Brazil
Background & objectives: In the last decade, in the state of São Paulo, 5898 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were reported. This study was undertaken to analyze the epidemiology of CL in the municipality of Teodoro Sampaio, in São Paulo State, Brazil, based on a geographic approach, as very little is known of the relationship between CL and the spatial transformation process.
Methods: This is a population-based quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional case study. Surveys of the official
notifications in the healthcare center and official sources from 1998 to 2011 were analysed. The data were described
based on statistics and the Kernel method to detect hotspots of transmission.
Results: The age group between 21 and 40 yr was most affected, with 24 cases (57.9%). Of the 41 cases reported
between 1998 and 2011, 33 cases were having low education status and 31 cases (75.6%) were males. The spatial
and temporal distribution was aggregated in three-year periods which permitted the identification of two microfoci, in periods I (1998–2000) and III (2005–2007).
Interpretation & conclusion: The disease has presented, in recent years, a pattern of sporadic transmission or microfoci, and continues to maintain enzootic cycles of Leishmania in a sylvatic environment, ensuring the perpetuation of the pathogen in nature, and the risk of emergence of new cases of CL in domestic animals and humans
Produção de ovinos em gestação e lactação sob pastejo em diferentes estádios fenológicos de azevém anual
Influência da temperatura de armazenamento na qualidade das sementes de Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth. (sibipiruna)
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Waiting time to radiotherapy as a prognostic factor for glioblastoma patients in a scenario of medical disparities
Development, characterization and evaluation of the dissolution profile of sulfasalazine suspensions
In Vivo Approaches Reveal a Key Role for DCs in CD4+ T Cell Activation and Parasite Clearance during the Acute Phase of Experimental Blood-Stage Malaria
Dendritic cells (DCs) are phagocytes that are highly specialized for antigen presentation. Heterogeneous populations of macrophages and DCs form a phagocyte network inside the red pulp (RP) of the spleen, which is a major site for the control of blood-borne infections such as malaria. However, the dynamics of splenic DCs during Plasmodium infections are poorly understood, limiting our knowledge regarding their protective role in malaria. Here, we used in vivo experimental approaches that enabled us to deplete or visualize DCs in order to clarify these issues. To elucidate the roles of DCs and marginal zone macrophages in the protection against blood-stage malaria, we infected DTx (diphtheria toxin)-treated C57BL/6.CD11c-DTR mice, as well as C57BL/6 mice treated with low doses of clodronate liposomes (ClLip), with Plasmodium chabaudi AS (Pc) parasites. The first evidence suggesting that DCs could contribute directly to parasite clearance was an early effect of the DTx treatment, but not of the ClLip treatment, in parasitemia control. DCs were also required for CD4+ T cell responses during infection. The phagocytosis of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) by splenic DCs was analyzed by confocal intravital microscopy, as well as by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, at three distinct phases of Pc malaria: at the first encounter, at pre-crisis concomitant with parasitemia growth and at crisis when the parasitemia decline coincides with spleen closure. In vivo and ex vivo imaging of the spleen revealed that DCs actively phagocytize iRBCs and interact with CD4+ T cells both in T cell-rich areas and in the RP. Subcapsular RP DCs were highly efficient in the recognition and capture of iRBCs during pre-crisis, while complete DC maturation was only achieved during crisis. These findings indicate that, beyond their classical role in antigen presentation, DCs also contribute to the direct elimination of iRBCs during acute Plasmodium infection.São Paulo Research Foundation grants: (2011/24038-1 [MRDL], 2009/08559-1 [HBdS], CAPES/IGC 04/
2012 [MRDL, CET])
Caracterização de linhagens de tomateiro originadas de cruzamento interespecífico quanto à resistência à requeima
SWEET SORGHUM PERFORMANCE AFFECTED BY SOIL COMPACTION AND SOWING TIME AS A SECOND CROP IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO
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