Mapping Empires, Mapping Bodies: Reflections on the Use and Abuse of Cartography

L'exercici del poder es pot mostrar en un ventall infinit de cares, en aquest article se'n presenten dues: el domini territorial i la possessió personal. Amb una sèrie d'exemples cartogràfics il·lustra abastament els usos i els abusos dels mapes al llarg de la història i en especial referència als de l'Imperi Britànic. La comparació entre aquests usos cartogràfics i el domini del propi cos ens planteja fins a quin punt la mateixa cartografia no esdevé una mena de pornografia en el procés de domini imperialista.El ejercicio del poder se puede mostrar en una infinidad de formas, en este artículo se destacan dos: el dominio territorial y la posesión personal. Con una serie de ejemplos cartográficos se ilustra ampliamente los usos y abusos que los mapas han tenido en el curso de la historia con especial énfasis en el imperialismo británico. La comparación entre estos usos cartograficos y aquellos sobre el dominio del propio cuerpo, nos hace plantearnos hasta que punto la cartografía no se convierte en una especie de pornografía en el proceso del dominio imperialista.Power relations could be unfolded in countless ways; in this article two of them are analyzed: territorial domination and personal possession. Using a series of cartographic examples this article presents some of the uses and abuses that the maps have had in the course of history with special emphasis during the British Empire. The comparison between these cartographic examples and those on the dominion of the own body; make us wonder until which point cartography does not become a sort of pornography in the process of the imperialistic domination

Recent Trends in the History of Cartography: A Selective, Annotated Bibliography to the English-Language Literature

Replaces version 2.0, published 3/15/06. See note under Document History.The history of cartography has since the 1970s significantly expanded its disciplinary reach, its theoretical directions and approaches, and its scholarship. This annotated bibliography is intended as a guide to the extended field. It seeks to remind newcomers and established map scholars alike of the field’s traditional concerns (and literatures) and to inform them of its new directions and scholarship

Best practices for using drones in seabird monitoring and research

Over the past decade, drones have become increasingly popular in environmental biology and have been used to study wildlife on all continents. Drones have become of global importance for surveying breeding seabirds by providing opportunities to transform monitoring techniques and allow new research on some of the most threatened birds. However, such fast-changing and increasingly available technology presents challenges to regulators responding to requests to carry out surveys and to researchers ensuring their work follows best practice and meets legal and ethical standards. Following a workshop convened at the 14th International Seabird Group Conference and a subsequent literature search, we collate information from over 100 studies and present a framework to ensure drone-seabird surveys are safe, effective, and within the law. The framework comprises eight steps: (1) Objectives and Feasibility; (2) Technology and Training; (3) Site Assessment and Permission; (4) Disturbance Mitigation; (5) Pre-deployment Checks; (6) Flying; (7) Data Handling and Analysis; and (8) Reporting. The audience is wide-ranging with sections having relevance for different users, including prospective and experienced drone-seabird pilots, landowners, and licensors. Regulations vary between countries and are frequently changing, but common principles exist. Taking-off, landing, and conducting in-flight changes in altitude and speed at ≥ 50 m from the study area, and flying at ≥ 50 m above ground-nesting seabirds/horizontal distance from vertical colonies, should have limited disturbance impact on many seabird species; however, surveys should stop if disturbance occurs. Compared to automated methods, manual or semi-automated image analyses are, at present, more suitable for infrequent drone surveys and surveys of relatively small colonies. When deciding if drone-seabird surveys are an appropriate monitoring method long-term, the cost, risks, and results obtained should be compared to traditional field monitoring where possible. Accurate and timely reporting of surveys is essential to developing adaptive guidelines for this increasingly common technology

Best practices for using drones in seabird monitoring and research

Over the past decade, drones have become increasingly popular in environmental biology and have been used to study wildlife on all continents. Drones have become of global importance for surveying breeding seabirds by providing opportunities to transform monitoring techniques and allow new research on some of the most threatened birds. However, such fast-changing and increasingly available technology presents challenges to regulators responding to requests to carry out surveys and to researchers ensuring their work follows best practice and meets legal and ethical standards. Following a workshop convened at the 14th International Seabird Group Conference and a subsequent literature search, we collate information from over 100 studies and present a framework to ensure drone-seabird surveys are safe, effective, and within the law. The framework comprises eight steps: (1) Objectives and Feasibility; (2) Technology and Training; (3) Site Assessment and Permission; (4) Disturbance Mitigation; (5) Pre-deployment Checks; (6) Flying; (7) Data Handling and Analysis; and (8) Reporting. The audience is wide-ranging with sections having relevance for different users, including prospective and experienced drone-seabird pilots, landowners, and licensors. Regulations vary between countries and are frequently changing, but common principles exist. Taking-off, landing, and conducting in-flight changes in altitude and speed at ≥ 50 m from the study area, and flying at ≥ 50 m above ground-nesting seabirds/horizontal distance from vertical colonies, should have limited disturbance impact on many seabird species; however, surveys should stop if disturbance occurs. Compared to automated methods, manual or semi-automated image analyses are, at present, more suitable for infrequent drone surveys and surveys of relatively small colonies. When deciding if drone-seabird surveys are an appropriate monitoring method long-term, the cost, risks, and results obtained should be compared to traditional field monitoring where possible. Accurate and timely reporting of surveys is essential to developing adaptive guidelines for this increasingly common technology

Archive of Darkness:William Kentridge's Black Box/Chambre Noire

Situating itself in histories of cinema and installation art, William Kentridge's Black Box/Chambre Noire (2005) raises questions about screens, exhibition space, site-specificity and spectatorship. Through his timely intervention in a debate on Germany’s colonial past, Kentridge’s postcolonial art has contributed to the recognition and remembrance of a forgotten, colonial genocide. This article argues that, by transposing his signature technique of drawings for projection onto a new set of media, Kentridge explores how and what we can know through cinematic projection in the white cube. In particular, his metaphor of the illuminated shadow enables him to animate archival fragments as shadows and silhouettes. By creating a multi-directional archive, Black Box enables an affective engagement with the spectres of colonialism and provides a forum for the calibration of moral questions around reparation, reconciliation and forgiveness

A história da publicação do mapa da América do Norte de John Mitchell de 1755 A publishing history of John Mitchell's 1755 map of North America

Esse artigo aborda o contexto de produção das várias edições do mapa de John Mitchell, intitulado Map of the British and French Dominions in North América, primeiramente publicado em 1755. A partir desse exemplo, discute a concepção, já arraigada na História da Cartografia, de que os mapas devem ser entendidos a partir da área que eles cartografam. Propõe, então, que os mapas devem ser entendidos observando as demandas do público e as formas de consumo dos mesmos.This article analyses the John Mitchell's eight-sheet, Map of the British and French Dominions in North America, first published in 1755. This map poses a significant challenge to the traditional approaches to the History of Cartography in which maps are studied according to the regions they depict rather than the contexts within which they were made and used. In particular, we must organize our historical narratives and cartobibliographies around not the regions and places mapped, but rather the contexts within which maps were made and used

A Publishing History of John Mitchell’s Map of North America, 1755-1775

John Mitchell’s Map of the British and French Dominions in North America (London, 1755) is a prominent feature of the history of cartography of the British colonies in North America. A close examination of the history of the publication of its seven identified variants (1755-1775) indicates, however, that the map is properly understood in terms of the British, and more specifically London, market for maps and geographical information. There, it contributed to public discussions about the nature of the British empire and the British nation. This study also demonstrates the validity and necessity of applying the established bibliographical scheme of edition, printing, issue, and state to maps