REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ALUNOS SOBRE CURSOS EAD: UMA ANÁLISE DOS SUJEITOS E DAS ESCOLHAS

Este trabalho pressupõe-se apresentar as Representações Sociais de alunos de cursos em EAD sobre sua escolha. Tem-se como objetivos conhecer as Representações Sociais de alunos matriculados em cursos de Ensino Superior - Licenciatura e Tecnológicos -, identificar o público que opta por um curso EAD e investigar os motivos das escolhas dos alunos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais, exploratória e com abordagem quanti-quali. Como instrumento de pesquisa utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado, aplicado a 181 alunos de cursos EAD, de uma Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Como resultado obteve-se, nos dados sócios demográficos que, as mulheres são maioria nos cursos EAD e que os sujeitos que a compõe são pessoas que atuam no mercado de trabalho, tem família constituída e optam pela EAD por ser uma modalidade mais flexível em termos de tempo e lugar e ainda possibilitam a realização de um curso superior. Nota-se que as representações permeiam as escolhas dos cursos no que tange à escolha pessoal, a realização profissional e a profissionalização.

The efficiency of urine dipsticks for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent pathologies in developed countries, particularly in women, characterized by the presence of bacterial growth in any part of the urinary system. Currently, urine culture is considered the gold standard method for the diagnosis of UTI. However, this method has several disadvantages including the time necessary for obtaining the results and the associated high costs. Therefore, it is important to evaluate new efficient and valuable methods for the diagnosis of these infections. Objectives: Presently, dipsticks are considered a possible valuable alternative to urine culture. This method has very low costs associated and the results can be obtained in few minutes. Here we aim to compare the sensibility, specificity, predictive value of a positive test and a negative test of both methods in order to determine the efficiency of the test strips method and also to characterize the microorganism more frequently isolated

Representações sociais de professores sobre educação ambiental: um estudo comparativo

Este estudio se refiere a la comparación de los resultados de dos encuestas que buscaron identificar las Representaciones Sociales (RS) de los maestros de escuelas primarias sobre Educación Ambiental (EA). Los grupos que participan en la investigación forman dos grupos de docentes de escuelas públicas de dos municipios: uno ubicado en la Región Sudoeste de Bahía (RSB) y otro ubicado en la Región Metropolitana de Vale Paraíba Paulista (RMVP). Esta es una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva, con un enfoque cualitativo, en la cual se realizaron 27 entrevistas con maestros que trabajan en clases de escuela primaria en 04 escuelas ubicadas en RSB, y 16 entrevistas con maestros que trabajan en la escuela primaria II en 05 escuelas ubicadas en el RMVP. El análisis de los discursos de los docentes se realizó a partir de los materiales recopilados y sistematizados por el software IRaMuTeQ y ALCESTE®, que proporcionaron clases de palabras para analizar. Para los propósitos de este estudio, se seleccionaron clases representativas llamadas "Vida diaria" y "Cuidar el medio ambiente". En ambos grupos, el RS de los docentes apareció sobre la conciencia ambiental. Uno de los grupos de docentes se ajusta a las características del enfoque conservacionista con el discurso del cuidado y la preservación y, a través de él, la idea de la acción puntual. El otro grupo, por otro lado, presentó un discurso sobre el desarrollo de la conciencia crítica y ciudadana que, aunque incipiente, encaja en el enfoque crítico. Los RS que los maestros construyen acerca de la EA están anclados en la conciencia sobre el medio ambiente, para ambas clases analizadas. Palabras clave: Educación ambiental. Representación social. Enseñanza.Este estudo refere-se à comparação dos resultados de duas pesquisas que buscaram identificar as Representações Sociais (RS) de professores do Ensino Fundamental acerca da Educação Ambiental (EA). Os grupos participantes da pesquisa formam dois conjuntos de professores de escolas públicas de dois municípios: um localizado na Região do Sudoeste da Bahia (RSB) e outro localizado na Região Metropolitana do Vale Paraíba Paulista (RMVP). Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas 27 entrevistas com professores que atuam em turmas do Ensino Fundamental I de 04 escolas localizadas na RSB, e 16 entrevistas com professores que atuam no Ensino Fundamental II de 05 escolas localizadas na RMVP. A análise de discursos dos professores foi realizada a partir dos materiais coletados e sistematizados pelos softwares IRaMuTeQ e ALCESTE ®, que propiciaram classes de palavras para serem analisadas. Para fins desse estudo foram selecionadas classes  representativas denominadas “Cotidiano” e “Cuidando do Meio Ambiente”. Nos dois grupos apareceram RS dos professores sobre a conscientização ambiental. Um dos grupos de professores se encaixa dentro das características da abordagem conservacionista com o discurso do cuidado e da preservação e, por meio, da ideia de ação pontual. Já o outro grupo apresentou discurso de desenvolvimento da consciência crítica e cidadã que, mesmo incipiente, se encaixa na abordagem crítica. As RS que os professores constroem sobre a EA, se ancoram na conscientização sobre o meio ambiente, para ambas as classes analisadas. Palavras-chave: Educação Ambiental. Representação Social. Ensino Fundamental

Preliminary observation of the use of sodium bicarbonate solution as an adjunct in the treatment of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19): prognosis improvement in patients requiring intensive care / Observação preliminar do uso de solução de bicarbonato de sódio como coadjuvante no tratamento da doença coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19): melhora do prognóstico na necessidade de terapia intensiva

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the use of sodium bicarbonate solution as an adjunct in the treatment of critically ill patients in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A group of 76 patients were followed up, of which 44 received treatment with a sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution along with the conventional treatment, and 32 patients used only the conventional treatment. Results: In patients treated, there was an improvement in radiological findings, a decrease in opacity and bilateral consolidations, as well as reduced length of stay in the ICU, and mortality. Conclusion: The use of NaHCO3 solution as an adjunct in the treatment of COVID-19 improved prognosis compared to conventional treatment. 

Behavioral, Neurochemical and Histological Changes in the Use of Low Doses of Naltrexone and Donepezil in the Treatment in Experimental Model of Alzheimer’s Disease by Induction of β-Amyloid1-42 in Rats

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that promotes the involvement of memory-related functions, characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques formed by the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein neurofibrillary tangles. Evidence suggests that the use of low doses of Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, possibly promotes a modulation of the immune system and consequent neuroprotective effect. The present study uses the animal model of induction with β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) to verify the behavioral, neurochemical and histological effects of the use of low doses of Naltrexone. Male wistar rats (250-300g) divided into five groups (N = 8) were used: Control, Sham, Aβ1-42 subdivided into three groups: treated with water, 05 mg Donepezil and 4.5 mg Naltrexone, orally during the 30-day period. Behavioral tests demonstrated the efficacy of induction to the experimental model with reduced memory of Aβ1-42-treated animals as well as reversal of damage in animals treated with Naltrexone. In the structural analysis, observed that the animals induced by Aβ1-42 treated with water alone presented alterations in the pyramidal forms of the hippocampal cells and that the animals treated with Naltrexone presented possibly a reversal of the neuronal damages. In conclusion, treatment with Naltrexone promoted a reversal in the memory impairment of rodents induced to the Alzheimer's model with Aβ1-42 in the behavioral and histological response

Validation of the Subjective Handicap of Epilepsy (SHE) in Brazilian patients with epilepsy

The objectives of the study were to translate and adapt the Subjective Handicap of Epilepsy (SHE) instrument to Brazilian Portuguese and to determine its psychometric properties for the evaluation of quality of life in patients with epilepsy. A sample of 448 adult patients with epilepsy with different clinical profiles (investigation, preoperative period, postoperative period, and drug treatment follow-up) was evaluated with the SHE and the Epilepsy Surgery Inventory (ESI-55). Exploratory factorial analysis demonstrated that four factors explained 60.47% of the variance and were sensitive to discriminate the different clinical groups, with the preoperative group having the poorest quality of life. Internal consistency ranged from 0.92 to 0.96, and concurrent validity with the ESI-55 was moderate/strong (0.32-0.70). Test-retest reliability was confirmed, with an ICC value of 0.54 (2 days), 0.91 (7 days), and 0.97 (30 days). The SHE had satisfactory psychometric qualities for use in the Brazilian population, similar to those of the original version. The instrument seems to be more adequate in psychometric terms for the postoperative and drug treatment follow-up groups, and its use should be encouraged. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt