8 research outputs found
Boussinesq Solitons as Propagators of Neural Signals
We consider certain approximation for determining the equation of motion for nerve signals by using the model of the lipid melting of membranes. The nerve pulses are found to display nonlinearity and dispersion during the melting transition. In this simplified model the nonlinear equation early proposed by Heimburg and coworkers transformed to the well known integrable Boussinesq non linear equation. Under specific values of the parametric space this system shows the existence of singular and regular soliton like structures. After their collisions the mutual creation and annihilation (each other) of nerve signals along the nerve, during their propagation, has been observed.Keywords: Boussinesq equation, singular solitons, single neurons, neural code
Solitary electromechanical pulses in Lobster neurons
Investigations of nerve activity have focused predominantly on electrical
phenomena. Nerves, however, are thermodynamic systems, and changes in
temperature and in the dimensions of the nerve can also be observed during the
action potential. Measurements of heat changes during the action potential
suggest that the nerve pulse shares many characteristics with an adiabatic
pulse. First experiments in the 1980s suggested small changes in nerve
thickness and length during the action potential. Such findings have led to the
suggestion that the action potential may be related to electromechanical
solitons traveling without dissipation. However, they have been no modern
attempts to study mechanical phenomena in nerves. Here, we present
ultrasensitive AFM recordings of mechanical changes on the order of 2 - 12
{\AA} in the giant axons of the lobster. We show that the nerve thickness
changes in phase with voltage change. When stimulated at opposite ends of the
same axon, colliding action potentials pass through one another and do not
annihilate. These observations are consistent with a mechanical interpretation
of the nervous impulse.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Dinámica de la molécula más importante de la vida: el ADN. I. Modelos lineales y no lineales
En este artículo se revisan los modelos más simples para la molécula más importante dela vida: el ADN. Se estudian las excitaciones colectivas y paulatinamente van incorporándose en elanálisis cualidades complejas de la molécula. Esto conlleva al estudio de la dinámica de talesexcitaciones mediante ecuaciones diferenciales no lineales. Las soluciones especiales de estasecuaciones corresponden a un tipo de ondas no lineales que mantienen forma y velocidadconstantes con la mínima pérdida de energía e información, conocidas como solitones ocompactones
Periodic solutions and refractory periods in the soliton theory for nerves and the locust femoral nerve
Close to melting transitions it is possible to propagate solitary
electromechanical pulses which reflect many of the experimental features of the
nerve pulse including mechanical dislocations and reversible heat production.
Here we show that one also obtains the possibility of periodic pulse generation
when the boundary condition for the nerve is the conservation of the overall
length of the nerve. This condition generates an undershoot beneath the
baseline (`hyperpolarization') and a `refractory period', i.e., a minimum
distance between pulses. In this paper, we outline the theory for periodic
solutions to the wave equation and compare these results to action potentials
from the femoral nerve of the locust (locusta migratoria). In particular, we
describe the frequently occurring minimum-distance doublet pulses seen in these
neurons and compare them to the periodic pulse solutions.Comment: 10 pages, 6 Figure
Variations in interpulse interval of double action potentials during propagation in single neurons
Asymmetric Firing Rate from Crayfish Left and Right Caudal Photoreceptors Due to Blue and Green Monochromatic Light Pulses
Recent studies have postulated that the left and right caudal photoreceptors (CPR-L and CPR-R, respectively) of the crayfish show asymmetry of spontaneous activity in darkness and responses induced by white light. Two photopigments have been identified; the first one sensitive to blue light and the second one sensitive to green light. This study explores blue and green monochromatic light responsiveness with respect to both CPR-L and -R, as well as the effects of temperature on these photoreceptors. We performed simultaneous extracellular recordings of the firing rate of action potentials from CPRs of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (n = 12). At room temperature (24 ± 1 °C), CPR-L and -R showed a significant difference in the spikes from most of the comparations. CPRs in the dark exhibited spontaneous asymmetric activity and displayed sensitivity to both monochromatic light sources. CPR responses were light intensity dependent within a range of 1.4 logarithmic intensity units, showing approximately 0.5 logarithmic intensity units more sensitivity to blue than to green light. The CPRs displayed an asymmetrical response to both colors by using a constant light intensity. At 14 (±1) °C, activity in darkness diminished while asymmetry persisted, and the CPRs improved responses for both monochromatic light sources, displaying a significant asymmetry. Here, we provide additional evidence of the asymmetric activity in darkness and light response from the CPRs. The new data allow further investigations regarding the physiological role of caudal photoreceptors in the crayfish