Coastal development and cultural heritage: a case-study of Cirebon, Indonesia

ABSTRAK Cirebon is an important port city in the southwestern part of the Indonesia archipelago. It is located on the north coast of the most populous Indonesian Island of Java. Although it is in West Java. province, it stands on the border of Central Java. This makes it an important cultural melting pot of the Sundanese and Javanese people respectively. Chinese immigrants also play an important role. As the second port of Jakarta, and one with an expanding export/production zone, it is important for the whole of West Java. It is also the point of expo, t for a large number of agricultural commodities such as tea, rice, sugar, coffee, essential oil, teak and other products of the surrounding region (Anonymous, 1997). Development is occurring at a high rate with Indonesian and foreign investment increasing. Cirebon is an important transportation center for goods to and from Jakarta, as well as a transit town between west Java and Central Java, where trucks and buses pass by the busy major northern east-west highway. Nevertheless, life in Cirebon retains much of its charm, with bicycle rickshaws (becalcs) still plating its wide, tree lined streets. There are a number of special artistic and cultural features of the city, including its unique glass painting and special batik cloth. Both of these are characterized by motifs reflecting the traditions of the kratons, or former palaces of the sultanate of Cirebon, which reached its height in the fifteenth century. This old and almost forgotten sultanate contains four kratons or palaces, the refuge for still living lines of an ancient royal family. Symbols of a feudalistic and aristocratic past, the sultans have long since relinquished their traditional lifestyle behind the dusty palace walls (Lim & Gocher, 1990), although they still retain the respect of the citizens. These culturally significant palaces, along with the historic and holly tomb of the city\u27s founder, the royal family\u27s burial sites and a number of interesting and important Chinese and Buddhist temples, are located in the coastal plain of the Java Sea. This area is dominated by the 3100-meter volcano, Mt. Ciremai, and its surrounding foothills. These cultural resources are currently under-exploited, and this paper shows how they can be further utilized, along with the city\u27s natural setting, to expand tourism in Cirebon by middle-class families from elsewhere on Java. This is particularly important now that the falling Indonesian currency has made travel to Singapore and other overseas tourist destinations, as well as visits to Bali, Lombok and other islands of Indonesia prohibitively expensive for this group. Kata kunci: peninggalan kultural, aset kultural, tujuan wisat

Application of advanced on-board processing concepts to future satellite communications systems: Bibliography

Abstracts are presented of a literature survey of reports concerning the application of signal processing concepts. Approximately 300 references are included

Utilization of NASA Lewis mobile terminals for the Hermes satellite

The high power of the Hermes satellite enables two-way television and voice communication with small ground terminals. The Portable Earth Terminal (PET) and the Transportable Earth Terminal (TET) were developed and built by NASA-Lewis to provide communications capability to short-term users. The NASA-Lewis mobile terminals are described in terms of vehicles and onboard equipment, as well as operation aspects, including use in the field. The section on demonstrations divides the uses into categories of medicine, education, technology and government. Applications of special interest within each category are briefly described

Preliminary results of noble metal thermocouple research program, 1000 - 2000 C

Noble metal thermocouple research involving combustion gase

A mathematical model for jet engine combustor pollutant emissions

Mathematical modeling for the description of the origin and disposition of combustion-generated pollutants in gas turbines is presented. A unified model in modular form is proposed which includes kinetics, recirculation, turbulent mixing, multiphase flow effects, swirl and secondary air injection. Subelements of the overall model were applied to data relevant to laboratory reactors and practical combustor configurations. Comparisons between the theory and available data show excellent agreement for basic CO/H2/Air chemical systems. For hydrocarbons the trends are predicted well including higher-than-equilibrium NO levels within the fuel rich regime. Although the need for improved accuracy in fuel rich combustion is indicated, comparisons with actual jet engine data in terms of the effect of combustor-inlet temperature is excellent. In addition, excellent agreement with data is obtained regarding reduced NO emissions with water droplet and steam injection

Interplanetary mission design with applications to guidance and optimal control of aero-assisted trajectories

A method for finding optimal aerogravity-assist tours of the solar system is developed using indirect methods. Two cost functionals are used in the optimization; finding the minimum required maximum lift-to-drag ratio, with and without a convective heating-rate path constraint, and the path which provides the minimum total stagnation point convective heat load. It is found that using present or near-future thermal protection system materials will suffice for certain aerogravity assist trajectories at Mars. Minimum heat load optimal trajectories are found for aerocapture maneuvers at Uranus and Neptune. With a large radius, and short rotational periods, atmospheric rotation must be taken into account to accurately model the system dynamics. Investigation of the 2018 Inspiration Mars free-return opportunity is conducted. A broad search over 100 years of Mars free-return trajectories is catalogued, and a Pareto front analysis is employed to find the overall best trajectories in the timespan. The geometry is explored further with the use of a time-free ephemeris to see where minimal energy transfer arcs between Earth and Mars occur, and see if the 2018 opportunity is one such transfer. It turned out that both the 2017 and 2064 candidates found from the 100-year search were the closest to minimum energy, highlighting the rarity of the Inspiration Mars opportunity, and gives a motivating push to fly this mission

Managing the Urban Environment of Lima, Peru

This article brings the contemporary thinking and practice of Urban Environmental Management (UEM) to the solution of real problems in a major city of a developing country in Latin America. Such cities both face more immediate problems than the developed world and have fewer resources to deal with them. The study first considers the Latin American context and then reviews issues of poverty alleviation, industry, sewage and sanitation, water, energy, transportation and finance in Lima, Peru. Finally, it proposes a 5-year plan to help solve the urban environmental problems of Metropolitan Lima, an environmentally difficult, but important Latin American metropolitan area located between the Pacific Ocean and a hilly desert, utilizing a real-world database and a limited budget

Interplanetary mission design with applications to guidance and optimal control of aero-assisted trajectories

A method for finding optimal aerogravity-assist tours of the solar system is developed using indirect methods. Two cost functionals are used in the optimization; finding the minimum required maximum lift-to-drag ratio, with and without a convective heating-rate path constraint, and the path which provides the minimum total stagnation point convective heat load. It is found that using present or near-future thermal protection system materials will suffice for certain aerogravity assist trajectories at Mars. Minimum heat load optimal trajectories are found for aerocapture maneuvers at Uranus and Neptune. With a large radius, and short rotational periods, atmospheric rotation must be taken into account to accurately model the system dynamics. Investigation of the 2018 Inspiration Mars free-return opportunity is conducted. A broad search over 100 years of Mars free-return trajectories is catalogued, and a Pareto front analysis is employed to find the overall best trajectories in the timespan. The geometry is explored further with the use of a time-free ephemeris to see where minimal energy transfer arcs between Earth and Mars occur, and see if the 2018 opportunity is one such transfer. It turned out that both the 2017 and 2064 candidates found from the 100-year search were the closest to minimum energy, highlighting the rarity of the Inspiration Mars opportunity, and gives a motivating push to fly this mission

La Ciudad En El Cine: Una Perspectiva Mundial

Commercial cinema is a worldwide form of entertainment enjoyed by most of the planet’s population and variety of cultures. Films are produced on six continents and marketed successfully internationally. However, cinema is more than a medium for telling stories of adventure, intrigue, comedy and romance. As most of the world’s population now lives in cities, many films take place in urban settings, where a large number of those cities’ physical and social problems are exposed. Commercial film, then, plays a useful role in determining how such issues can be confronted through the lenses of their many countries and cultures. That is, solutions to urban problems must be culturally sensitive. Moreover, as cities dominate life on planet Earth in the 21st century far beyond what their population alone would warrant, they are at the core of some of the most influential films of the last century. This paper, then, is significant in that it looks at some of these urban focused films and identifies the universal themes they consider