New method speeds body inert gas saturation and utilizes surface decompression

Method reduces required saturation time from three days to six hours and also reduces required decompression time. Waiting time for planning underwater research is therefore reduced, and emergency surfacing is possible

Report on computation of repetitive hyperbaric-hypobaric decompression tables

The tables were constructed specifically for NASA's simulated weightlessness training program; they provide for 8 depth ranges covering depths from 7 to 47 FSW, with exposure times of 15 to 360 minutes. These tables were based up on an 8 compartment model using tissue half-time values of 5 to 360 minutes and Workmanline M-values for control of the decompression obligation resulting from hyperbaric exposures. Supersaturation ratios of 1.55:1 to 2:1 were used for control of ascents to altitude following such repetitive dives. Adequacy of the method and the resultant tables were determined in light of past experience with decompression involving hyperbaric-hypobaric interfaces in human exposures. Using these criteria, the method showed conformity with empirically determined values. In areas where a discrepancy existed, the tables would err in the direction of safety

Predicting the possibility of decompression sickness, or bends, in manned orbital flights

Predicting possible decompression, or bends, in manned orbital flight

On-demand delivery of single DNA molecules using nanopipettes

Understanding the behavioral properties of single molecules or larger scale populations interacting with single molecules is currently a hotly pursued topic in nanotechnology. This arises from the potential such techniques have in relation to applications such as targeted drug delivery, early stage detection of disease, and drug screening. Although label and label-free single molecule detection strategies have existed for a number of years, currently lacking are efficient methods for the controllable delivery of single molecules in aqueous environments. In this article we show both experimentally and from simulations that nanopipets in conjunction with asymmetric voltage pulses can be used for label-free detection and delivery of single molecules through the tip of a nanopipet with “on-demand” timing resolution. This was demonstrated by controllable delivery of 5 kbp and 10 kbp DNA molecules from solutions with concentrations as low as 3 pM

Non-Boolean almost perfect nonlinear functions on non-Abelian groups

The purpose of this paper is to present the extended definitions and characterizations of the classical notions of APN and maximum nonlinear Boolean functions to deal with the case of mappings from a finite group K to another one N with the possibility that one or both groups are non-Abelian.Comment: 17 page

The Difference of Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection Risk Based on Chateterization Urine, Age, and Diabetes Mellitus

Nosocomial urinary tract infection is common occurs in patients with indwelling urinary chateter. Factors that caused nosocomial urinary tract infection are host, agent, and chateterization urine. The aim of this research was to analyze risk difference nosocomial urinary tract infection based on chateterization urine, age, and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study used case control with sample size 20 for each group. Case sample was patients who diagnosed urinary tract infection, while control sampel was patients who not diagnosed urinary tract infection in Haji Hospital Surabaya on 2013 until 2014. The independent variables were duration of chateterization, frequency of chateterization, age, and DM, while dependent variable was nosocomial urinary tract infection. Those variables was analyze with risk difference (RD) in Epi Info. The result showed that risk difference nosocomial urinary tract infection based on duration of chateterization is RD = 0,52 it means if changing chateter was done every seven days used, it can prevent 0,52 from 0,71 or 73,53% urinary tract infection cases, frequency of chateterization is RD = 0,43956 it means if decrease frequency of chateterization until one time used, it can prevent 0,44 from 0,79 or 55,94% urinary tract infection cases, age is RD = 0,40 it means if insertion of urine catheter as indicated and right procedure in patient with >55 old it can prevent 0,40 from 0,68 or 59,26% urinary tract infection cases, and DM is RD = 0,42 it means if preventing toward DM, it can prevent 0,42 from 0,75 or 55,56% urinary tract infection cases

On-Demand Delivery of Single DNA Molecules Using Nanopipets

Understanding the behavioral properties of single molecules or larger scale populations interacting with single molecules is currently a hotly pursued topic in nanotechnology. This arises from the potential such techniques have in relation to applications such as targeted drug delivery, early stage detection of disease, and drug screening. Although label and label-free single molecule detection strategies have existed for a number of years, currently lacking are efficient methods for the controllable delivery of single molecules in aqueous environments. In this article we show both experimentally and from simulations that nanopipets in conjunction with asymmetric voltage pulses can be used for label-free detection and delivery of single molecules through the tip of a nanopipet with “on-demand” timing resolution. This was demonstrated by controllable delivery of 5 kbp and 10 kbp DNA molecules from solutions with concentrations as low as 3 pM

Apoptosis and necrosis: Mechanisms of cell death induced by cyclosporine A in a renal proximal tubular cell line

Apoptosis and necrosis: Mechanisms of cell death induced by cyclosporine A in a renal proximal tubular cell line.BackgroundThe mechanisms of cyclosporine (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity are not fully understood. While hemodynamic changes may be involved in vivo, there is also some evidence for tubular involvement. We previously showed direct toxicity of CsA in the LLC-PK1 renal tubular cell line. In the current study we examined mechanisms (apoptosis or necrosis) of cell death induced by CsA in the LLC-PK1 renal proximal tubular cell line. The possible role of the Fas (APO-1/CD95) antigen-Fas ligand system in the mediation of CsA-induced cell death was also investigated.MethodsCells were treated with CsA (0.42nm to 83 μm) for 24hours and alterations in DNA and protein synthesis and membrane integrity were examined. Flow cytometry was used to investigate: (i) alterations in the DNA content and cell cycle; (ii) the forward (FSC) and side (SSC) light scattering properties (indicators of cell size and granularity, respectively); (iii) the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) as a marker of early apoptosis using FITC-annexin V binding; and (iv) expression of the apoptotic Fas protein. DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cells was also determined by the TUNEL assay.ResultsCsA (all doses) caused a block in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle as indicated by a decrease in DNA synthesis and supported by an increase in the % of cells in the G0/G1 phase with concurrent decreases of those in the S and G2/M phases. The effect on protein synthesis appeared to be much less. Lower doses of CsA (4.2nm) caused the appearance of a “sub-G0/G1” peak, indicative of reduced DNA content, on the DNA histogram that was paralleled by a reduction in cell size and an increased cell granularity and an increase in FITC-annexin V binding. DNA fragmentation was evident in these cells as assessed using the TUNEL assay. Higher doses of CsA increased cell size and decreased cell granularity and reduced membrane integrity. Expression of Fas, the cell surface molecule that stimulates apoptosis, was increased following low dose CsA exposure.ConclusionsThese results indicate that CsA is directly toxic to LLC-PK1 cells with reduced DNA synthesis and cell cycle blockade. The mode of cell death, namely apoptosis or necrosis, is dose dependent. Fas may be an important mediator of CsA induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular cells

Topical Wound Oxygen Versus Conventional Compression Dressings in the Management of Refractory Venous Ulcers

Topical wound oxygen (TWO2) proposes an innovative therapy option in the management of refractory non-healing venous ulcers (RVU) that aims to accelerate wound healing. TWO2 accelerates epithelialisation. This leads to the development of a higher tensile strength collagen, which lessens scarring and the risk of recurrence. Sixty-seven limbs with 67 ulcers were managed using TWO2 therapy, and 65 limbs with 65 ulcers were managed using conventional compression dressings (CCD). The proportion of ulcers completely healed by 12 weeks was 76% in patients managed with TWO2, compared to 46% in patients managed with CCD (p < 0.0001). The mean reduction in ulcer surface area at 12 weeks was 96% in the TWO2 therapy group, compared to 61% in patients managed with CCD. The median time to full ulcer healing was 57 days in the TWO2 group, in contrast to 107 days in patients managed with CCD (p < 0.0001). TWO2 patients had a significantly improved Quality-Adjusted Time Spent Without Symptoms of disease and Toxicity of treatment (Q-TWiST) compared to CCD patients, denoting an improved outcome (p < 0.0001). TWO2 reduces the time needed for RVU healing and is successful in pain alleviation and MRSA elimination. TWO2 therapy radically degrades recurrence rates. Utilising diffused oxygen raises the capillary partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) levels at the wound site, stimulating epithelialisation, and granulation of new healthy tissue. Taking the social and individual aspects of chronic venous ulceration into account, the use of TWO2 can provide an overwhelmingly improved quality of life for long-time sufferers of this debilitating disease