Hand hygiene habits and hand eczema prevalence of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aim: Hand hygiene has become an important building block in the prevention of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study was conducted to determine the hand hygiene habits of healthcare workers and possible risk factors for hand eczema during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The hand hygiene habits of healthcare personnel working at a university hospital since COVID-19 pandemic started were questioned between December 2020 and February 2021 and they were dermatologically examined to screen for hand eczema. Results: Of the 150 healthcare workers, 56 (37.3%) were doctors and 94 (62.7%) were nurses, and 40 (26.7%) were men and 110 (73.3%) were women. The rate of participants that reported washing their hands more frequently than 25 times daily was 46.0% (n=69), and the rate of disinfectant use was 59.3% (n=89). While 88 (58.7%) of the participants used a moisturizer daily, 62 (41.3%) did not use a moisturizer. Fifteen (10.0%) participants were diagnosed with hand eczema. Conclusion: There was an increase in the daily frequencies of hand washing and use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic, but our data did not reveal any statistically significant risk factor of hand eczema

Occupational facial dermatoses related to mask use in healthcare professionals

Background Mask use can lead to facial dermatoses due to factors, such as hyperhydration, seborrhea, high humidity caused by sweating, and the occlusive effect of the mask. Aim We investigated mask-related facial dermatoses in healthcare personnel who, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, had to wear a mask for long hours. Methods In this study, healthcare professionals working at Medipol Mega University Hospital since the beginning of the pandemic were screened for facial dermatoses between December 2020 and February 2021 with a dermatological examination and interview. Results Of the 101 healthcare professionals, 51 (50.5%) were doctors and 50 (49.5%) nurses, and 36 (35.6%) were male and 65 (64.4%) were female. All the participants had been actively working at the hospital for 35-46 weeks since the beginning of the pandemic and wearing N95 or surgical masks for an average of 6-13 h a day. During the dermatological examination, the most common facial dermatosis was acne, which was observed in 55.4% (n = 56) of the cases. Of the 56 acne cases, 41.1% (n = 23) had acne in their history, while 58.9% (n = 33) had new-onset acne. Being female, using a N95 surgical mask compared to surgical mask, and the daily average duration of mask use were determined as risk factors for acne development due to mask use. Conclusions The use of masks, more frequently N95, caused both an increase in existing acne and the development of new acne

How do the recent discoveries of offshore Israeli and Cypriot gas affect the region's geopolitics?

The effect of the recent discoveries of offshore Israeli and Cypriot gas on the region's geopolitics is the main focus of this study. The questions regarding the topic are answered in two chapters. In the first chapter, possible economic and political effects of offshore explorations in the Eastern Mediterranean are analyzed. The economic, financial and export potential of the resources is investigated in terms of the countries that claim the resources, particularly those of Egypt, Israel and Cyprus in the content of thesis political and historical relations with their neighbors. In the second chapter, possible investment and export options that may bring a solution to the challenges are proposed in terms of scenarios, and every scenario is analyzed in terms of its political, economic and regional effect. The six scenarios that are analyzed in this thesis follows: Arish-Ashkelon Pipeline, Israel's possibility of using the gas for regional peace, Pipeline to Turkey, Floating LNG Facility, East-Med Pipeline Project and Vassilikos LNG Terminal. These scenarios are presented hierarchically in terms of their relative effectiveness

Aesthetic and sociological imagination in contemporary visual culture

This study aims to examine the relationship between aesthetic and sociological imagination within the framework of the characteristics of visual forms (art/media images) in the environment of contemporary visual culture and to make a theoretical assessment of the importance of these imagery structures in art and art education. These assessments were carried out from a perspective based on the relationship between art and society. As a result of these assessments, it was found that the relationship between aesthetic and sociological imagination is intertwined within the scope of the production, distribution, and consumption processes of visual forms in the postmodern process, and in parallel with this situation, the importance of teaching activities and curriculum arrangements for the integration of both imagination structures in art education has been encountered. It has been understood that pedagogical activities focused on developing sociological imagination will provide a sociological perspective to the aesthetic imagination of individuals; thus, it will help to provide a conscious way of thinking about the cultural and social characteristics of visual forms

Thirteen- and 18-month-old infants recognize when they need referential information

To learn from conspecifics, infants would be greatly advantaged by knowing when to seek information from them. Although in prior work infants used a labeler's gaze direction to infer the referent of a novel label, it was unclear whether infants in these studies recognized that they needed information or were happening upon the information by simply orienting to the labeler's voice. To address this issue, we presented 13- and 18-month-olds with either one or two novel objects and provided a novel label. If infants seek referential information, they should look more to the labeler in the presence of two objects relative to one object, since the labeler’s intended referent is highly ambiguous in the two-object case. This prediction was confirmed in two studies. In contrast, infants' looking was equivalent in the presence of one versus two objects in a baseline phase, when no labels were provided. Thus, 13- and 18-month-olds actively seek clarifying gaze information to resolve ambiguous learning situations. Word learning appears to be a rich pragmatic process as early as the end of the first year of life

The effect of Curcumin on apoptosis in experimental fibrosarcoma model

Fibrosarkom, görülme sıklığı %2-3 olan ve sağ kalım oranı %50 olarak bildirilen bir yumuşak doku sarkomudur. Tedavide kullanılan lokal ekzisyon, radyoterapi ve kemoterapi yöntemleri her zaman başarılı olamayabilmektedir. Apoptoz programlanmış hücre ölümüdür. Bcl-2 ve bax, apoptoza aracılık eden bcl ailesine ait proteinlerdir. Bax proteini apoptotik, Bcl-2 proteini antiapoptotik etkiye sahiptir. Kanser tedavisinde kanserli hücrelerin apoptoza götürülerek temizlenmesi temel tedavi stratejisini oluşturmaktadır. Curcumin son yıllarda apoptotik etkisi ve bu etki nedeniyle kanserde tedavi amaçlı kullanımı çok araştırılan doğal bir moleküldür. Bu çalışmanın amacı; curcuminin fibrosarkom üzerine apoptotik etkisini ve Bcl-2, Bax proteinlerinin ekspresyonlarının nasıl etkilendiğini incelemektir. Çalışmaya 24 adet Wistar Albino erkek sıçan alındı. Sıçanlar kontrol (n=8), fibrosarkom (n=6), fibrosarkom+curcumin tedavi (n=5), sadece curcumin grubu (n=5) olmak üzere dört gruba ayrıldı. Fibrosarkom ve fibrosarkom+curcumin tedavi gruplarına 3-metilkolantren (3-MC) uygulayarak fibrosarkom modeli oluşturuldu. Daha sonra fibrosarkom+curcumin tedavi grubuna ve sadece curcumin grubuna gavaj yoluyla 10 gün sıçan başına 200 mg curcumin verildi. Apoptozun saptanması için doku kesitlerinde tunel yöntemi kullanılarak apoptotik hücre sayımı yapıldı. Bcl-2 ve bax proteinlerinin ekspresyonları Western blot ve immunohistokimyasal yöntemler kullanılarak gösterildi. Apoptotik hücreler fibrosarkom+curcumin grubunda fibrosarkom grubuna göre anlamlı olarak artmış bulundu (p=0.006). Sadece curcumin uygulanan grup ve kontrol grubu arasında değişiklik olmadığı görüldü.(p=0.448). Fibrosarkomda curcumin tedavisinin Bcl-2 protein ekspresyonunu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmamakla birlikte belirgin şekilde azalttığı saptandı (p=0.068). Bax ekspresyonu ise tedavi ile değişiklik göstermedi (p=0.223). Bizim çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, curcuminin fibrosarkom dokusu üzerine güçlü şekilde apoptotik etki yaptığını ve bu etkide bcl-2 ekspresyonunun rolü olduğunu, ancak Bcl-2 ekspresyonundaki azalmanın apoptotik hücre sayısındaki artış kadar güçlü olmaması nedeniyle, muhtemelen curcuminin apoptotik etkisinde farklı mekanizmaların da rol oynuyor olabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, curcumin normal dokuda apoptotik/antiapoptotik etki veya nekroz oluşturmamıştır. Curcuminin, fibrosarkomda tedavi amaçlı kullanımına yönelik farklı dozlar ve sürelerde ve ayrıca radyoterapi ve kemoterapi ile de kombine kullanıldığı ileri çalışmalar yapılması gereklidir.Fibrosarcomais a soft tissue sarcom. Itis reported that the density of visibilitiy is %2-3 and the rate of remain alive is %50. The methods of local removal, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which are used in treatment can't be succesfull everytime. Apoptosis is a cell death which is programmed. Bcl-2 and Bax are proteins which belong to Bcl family and they mediate apoptosis. Bax protein has apoptotic effect and Bcl-2 protein has antiapoptotic effect. In cancer treatment, the clearance of taking cancerous cell to apoptosis composes the strategy of basic treatment. The fact that curcumin has apoptotic effect and is usage fort he purpose of cancer treatment because of this effect is natural molecule which has been searched in recent years. The aim of this study is invastigation apoptotic effect of curcumin on fibrosarcoma and whether expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins changed. 24 Wistar Albino male rats were taken in this study. Rats were divided into four groups: Control group (n=8), fibrosarcoma group (n=6), Fibrosarcoma + curcumin tretment group (n=5) only curcumin group (n=5). Fibrosarcom model was formed by applying 3-Metilcholantren (3-MC) to fibrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma + curcumin treatment groups. Then fibrosarcoma + curcumin treatment group and only curcumin group were given 200 mg curcumin for each rat viagavaj for ten days. To fix apoptosis, apoptotic cell counting was done by being used tunel method in tissue sections. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were fixed by being used Western Blot and immunohistochemical methods. It was found that in comparison with fibrosarcoma group, apoptotic cell increased significantly in fibrosarcoma + curcumin group (p=0.006). It was seen that there was no difference between the group which was only applied for curcumin and control group (p=0,448). It was also seen that curcumin treatment reduced Bcl-2 protein expression importantly in fibrosarcoma (p=0,068). But it was not significant statistically. Bax expression not changed in fibrosarcoma + curcumin treatment group, comparison to fibrosarcoma group (p=0,223) Results which we gained in our study show that curcumin has strong apoptotic effect on fibrosarcoma tissue, Bcl-2 expression plays part in this effect, but different mechanisms have an influence on apoptotic effect of curcumin because of decrease in Bcl-2 expression isn't as powerful as increase in apoptotic cell number. Besides, curcumin doesn't form apoptotic/antiapoptotic effect or necrosis in normal tissue. It is necessary that further studies must be done in different doses and periods with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and curcumin must be used in fibrosarcoma for the purpose of treatment in these furter studies

Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinin Sınıf İçi Ölçme ve Değerlendirmelerde Yazılı Yoklamalarda Kullandıkları Açık Uçlu Maddeleri Hazırlama Yeterlikleri

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğretmenlerinin sınıf içi ölçme ve değerlendirmeler kapsamında yazılı yoklamalarda kullandıkları açık uçlu maddeleri hazırlama yeterliklerini, açık uçlu madde yazımına yönelik kuramsal bilgileri ve kendi hazırladıkları maddeler ile inceleyerek değerlendirmektir. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yaklaşımı ile tarama modelinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini167 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak maksimum çeşitlik örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Açık Uçlu Soru Hazırlama Bilgi Formu “ ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde yüzde ve sıklık dağılımları, ki-kare bağımsızlık testi ve doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, en yüksek yeterlik düzeyinin bulunduğu ölçüt %31,7 ile “maddenin yaş ve sınıf düzeyine uygunluğunu dikkate alma” olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen 18 ölçüt içerisinden yalnızca “maddenin yaş ve sınıf düzeyine uygunluğunun dikkate alınması” ölçütüne dair öğretmen yeterlikleri cinsiyet ve okul türü değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Sınıf içi ölçme ve değerlendirmelerde açık uçlu maddelerden oluşan testler yaygın bir şekilde kullanılıyor olmakla birlikte öğretmenlerin bu maddeleri hazırlamada genel olarak çok yetersiz oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Growth of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the effect of type 1 diabetes on growth

Fine−Needle Aspiration Biopsy in the Diagnosis and Follow−Up of Thyroid Nodules in Childhood

Objective: To assess the role of fine−needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of pediatric thyroid nodules

Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Investigation of Turkish People’s Attitudes Towards the COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantine Process

Aim: The aim of study is to determine the attitude of the Turkish people (in cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions) and the factors affectingthis attitude during the coronavirus epidemic that has affected the whole world since December 2019.Materials and Methods: The data collected by a scale were modeled with explanatory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)and structural equation modeling (SEM), and the effects of the dimensions and the importance of the effective items in each dimension weredetermined.Results: 61.4% of the participants were male and 65.4% were under the age of 40 years. Individuals’ “questioning their purpose of coming to lifeagain” and “desire of being more sensitive to the events around them than in the past” were found to be significant, respectively. Other resultsobtained from the study are given in the relevant tables and figures.Conclusion: It was determined that the affective dimension had the highest effect on the results of EFA, CFA and SEM analyses, which wereeffective in examining the attitudes of individuals towards an event with these sub-dimensions