On the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-behavioral Intervention of the Spouses on the Reversion Prediction of the People in Methadone Therapy

AbstractProblem setting: Lack of the necessary skills and unsuitable relationship between spouses, are concerned as factors of continuation in addiction. This research has been done in order to define the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention of the spouses on the reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy. Method: 70 addicted people who had come to “Omid Desertion Center” in Iran-lahijan, were studied by DASS21, and RPS standard measures and CRQ, WRQ, CRI, and AQ questionnaires in this research. Among these people, 30 addicted subjects, who had the criterion for this study, were selected randomly and put into two groups of experimental and controlled group, each with 15 people. The experimental group was in an experiment of cognitive-behavioral intervention for 12 sessions of 90minutes. At the end, both groups were assessed by the same mentioned questionnaires one more time months, they answered to the RPS standard measure. The data were analyzed by the co-variance (ANCOVA, MANCOVA) statistical method. The results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in reversion prediction of the people in theory and the management of stress, anger and worry, and coping skills (problem focused) and not significant in coping skills (emotion focused) and negotiation and solving the probl ems in their spouses. Conclusion: The results of the study show that group cognitive – behavioral intervention on the spouses is an effective method for reversion prediction of the people in methadone therapy

The Effect of Chlorella vulgaris Supplementation on Liver Enzymes, Serum Glucose and Lipid Profile in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a public health problem worldwide and using microalgae is a new approach on its treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation on liver enzymes, serum glucose and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD. Methods: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 NAFLD patients from specialized clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from December 2011 to July 2012. The subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups: 1) “intervention” (n=30) received 400 mg/day vitamin E plus four 300 mg tablets of Chlorella vulgaris and, 2) “placebo” (n=30) received 400 mg/day vitamin E and four placebo tablets per day for 8 weeks. Weight, liver enzymes and metabolic factors were assessed in fasting serum and dietary data was collected at baseline and end of the study. Results: Weight, liver enzymes, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05). The differences in weight, ALP and FBS between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0.01, P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: C. vulgaris seems to improve FBS and lipid profile and therefore could be considered as an effective complementary treatment in NAFLD

Effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color stability of giomer and microfilled composite resin: an in vitro comparison

Objectives: The effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color stability and surface topography of a giomer and a microfilled composite resin was evaluated in the present in vitro study. Study design: Forty discs measuring 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were prepared from a giomer and a microfilled composite resin. Each material yielded 20 discs with completely smooth surfaces. Then a spectrophotometer was used to measure L* (lightness), a* (redness, greenness) and b* (blueness, yellowness) color coordinates of all the discs. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel. After measuring the color coordinates once again, color changes (DE*) were calculated by the CIELAB system. Six specimens from each material (three specimens before bleaching agent application and three specimens thereafter) were viewed under an atomic force microscope (AFM) for surface topography evaluation. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests at a=0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in color changes (DE*) between the two materials (P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences were detected in surface roughness between composite resin and giomer discs before and after bleaching (P>0.05 for both). However, in both materials the differences in surface roughness were significant before and after bleaching procedures (P<0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study it was concluded that 15% carbamide peroxide does not induce clinically detectable color changes in composite resin and giomer despite an increase in surface roughness

Effect of sodium ascorbate on the bond strength of all-in-one adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin

Background: Ascorbic acid and its salts are low-toxicity products, which are routinely used in food industries as antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 10% sodium ascorbate on the bond strength of two all-in-one adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin. Material and Methods: After exposing the dentin on the facial surface of 90 sound human premolars and mounting in an acrylic resin mold, the exposed dentin surfaces were polished with 600-grit SiC paper under running water. Then the samples were randomly divided into 6 groups of 15. Groups 1 and 4 were the controls, in which no surface preparation was carried out. In groups 2 and 5 the dentin surfaces were treated with 5.25% NaOCl alone for 10 minutes and in groups 3 and 6 with 5.25% NaOCl for 10 minutes followed by 10% sodium ascorbate for 10 minutes. Then composite resin cylinders, measuring 2 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height, were bonded on the dentin surfaces in groups 1, 2 and 3 with Clearfil S 3 Bond and in groups 4, 5 and 6 with Adper Easy One adhesive systems according to manufacturers’ instructions. The samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C and then thermocycled. Finally, the samples underwent shear bond strength test in a universal testing machine at a strain rate of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests at α=0.05. Results: The differences between groups 1 and 2 ( P =0.01), 1 and 5 ( P =0.003). 1 and 6 ( P =0.03) and 4 and 5 ( P =0.03) were statistically significant. Two-by-two comparisons did not reveal any significant difference between other groups ( P >0.05). Conclusions: Use of 10% sodium ascorbate for 10 minutes restored the decreased bond strength of the adhesive systems to that of the control groups

Effect of different application strategies of universal adhesive used for immediate and delayed dentin sealing on the microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to dentin with and without aging

Bond strength of indirect restorations is a very important issue that should be given special attention. Immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique has been suggested in recent years. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different

Effect of Relining with Different Composite Resins on the Push-out Bond Strength of Anatomical Fiber Posts to Root Canal Dentin

Introduction: Relining fiber posts using composite resins helps the posts adapt to the anatomical space of the root canals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of composite resin type on the push-out bond strength of anatomical fiber posts to intra canal dentin. Methods and Materials: Forty-eight bovine upper incisors were prepared for post space after root canal therapy and randomly divided in to six groups. Five different types of composite resin (GrandioSO, GrandioSO Heavy Flow, X-tra Fil, X-tra base and everX Posterior) were used for relining the prepared fiber posts. In the control group, the prepared post was cemented into the post space without relining. Cervical, middle and apical cross-sections were achieved from each root and push-out test was conducted at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. One sample from each group was scanned using a micro-CT scanner which provided views from the apical, middle and coronal thirds. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc tests using SPSS 17 (P&lt;0.05). Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences in terms of mean push-out bond strengths between different composite resin types and cross-sections (P&lt;0.001). The mean push-out bond strength of the samples relined with Grandio SO composite resin (15.48±2.32) and X-tra Fil Bulk-fill composite resin (14.09±1.98) were significantly higher than that of other groups (P&lt;0.05). The unrelined group had a mean push-out bond strength (5.94±1.45) which was significantly lower than that in other groups (P&lt;0.05). In addition, there was a relationship between cross-sections and composite resin types (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that the composite resins used for relining can affect the push-out bond strength to intra canal dentin based on their physical and mechanical properties.Keywords: Dental Adhesion; Post Technique; Root Canal

The Effect of Ethical Literacy on the Organizational Silence by Considering the Mediating Role of the Ethical Atmosphere of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital Staffs - Tehran

زمینه و هدف: انسان‌ها از طریق سخن‌گفتن خویش را در کار شریک می‌سازند و احساس ناتوانی را از بین می‌برند، اما زمانی که شرایطی به وجود آید که کارکنان جرأت سخن‌گفتن درباره مسائل و مشکلات را نداشته باشند، پدیده سکوت سازمانی گسترش می‌یابد و این خطر بالقوه‌ای قلمداد می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر سواد اخلاقی بر سکوت سازمانی با میانجی‌گری جو اخلاقی کارکنان بیمارستان آیت‌ا... طالقانی ـ تهران انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: روش پژوهش بر حسب هدف، کاربردی، از نظر روش گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی ـ همبستگی و همینطور از نظر نوع داده، کمی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، کارکنان بیمارستان آیت‌ا... طالقانی ـ تهران به تعداد 250 نفر است. با استفاده از محاسبه حجم نمونه در معادلات ساختاری و روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای، 148 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. به منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از سه پرسشنامه استاندارد سواد اخلاقی استو کوویچ و بگلی (2017 م.)، سکوت سازمانی ون‌داین (2003 م.) و جو اخلاقی ویکتور و کولن (1987 م.) استفاده شد. پس از جمع‌آوری پرسشنامه‌ها، توصیف داده‌ها از طریق نرم‌افزار SPSS 21 انجام شد و استنباط آماری داده‌ها از طریق مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و به کمک نرم‌افزار Lisrel 8.80 انجام پذیرفت. ویژگی‌های فنی پرسشنامه شامل پایایی و روایی بررسی شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است، جو اخلاقی به صورت مستقیم 56/0=β بر سواد اخلاقی اثرگذار است. جو اخلاقی به صورت مستقیم 68/0=β بر سکوت سازمانی اثرگذار است. سکوت سازمانی نیز به طور غیر مستقیم 71/0=β بر سواد اخلاقی تأثیرگذار است. در این رابطه زمانی که جو اخلاقی به عنوان متغیر میانجی وارد می‌شود، دارای قدرت بیشتری است. به عبارت دیگر می‌توان گفت سواد اخلاقی 56/0=β با نقش میانجی جو اخلاقی68/0=β موجب کاهش سکوت سازمانی 71/0=β کارکنان بیمارستان می‌شود. ملاحظات اخلاقی: با آگاهی‌دادن به آزمودنی‌ها از فرایند پژوهش همچون عنوان و اهداف آن، رضایت کامل جهت اجرای تحقیق حاصل گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: استنتاج یافته­ها گویای این موضوع می­باشد که مسائل اخلاقی با تأکید بر اهمیت شأن انسان و روابط انسانی مناسب باعث ایجاد محیطی امن برای بیان­ دیدگاه­ها و نظرات کارکنان می­باشد که به تبع آن عواقب و پیامدهای ناشی از سکوت سازمانی را کاهش می­دهد.Background and Aim: Humans partner with work by speaking, eliminating feelings of helplessness; But when there are situations where employees do not dare to talk about issues and problems, the phenomenon of organizational silence spreads and this is considered a potential risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moral literacy on organizational silence mediated by the moral climate of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital staff in Tehran. Materials and Methods: The research method according to purpose is practical and in terms of data collection is descriptive- correlation and also in terms of data type is quantitative. The statistical population of this study was 250 persons of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital staffs. By calculating of sample&nbsp; size in structural equations and Stratified sampling method 148 persons are selected as sample size. In order to data collection, three standard questionnaires, the Ethical Literacy of Steve Kovich and Begley (2017), the organizational silence of Van Dyne (2003) and the Ethical Atmosphere of Victor and Cullen (1987) are used. After collecting the questionnaires, the data description are done with SPSS 21 software and the statistical inference of the data is performed by structural equations modeling and by using Lisrel 8.80 software. The technical characteristics of the questionnaire, including reliability and validity, are investigated. Findings: The results of the research indicate that the ethical atmosphere directly β=0.56 affects on the ethical literacy. The ethical atmosphere directly β=0.68 affects on the organizational silence. The organizational silence also indirectly β=0.71 affects on the ethical literacy. In this regard, the ethical atmosphere has more power, when it is introduced as mediating variable. In other words, we can say that ethical literacy β=0.56 with the mediating role of the ethical atmosphere β=0.68 reduces the organizational silence β=0.71 of the hospital staffs. Ethical Considerations: By informing to the subjects about research process such as title and objectives, complete satisfaction for performance of research obtained. Conclusion: The results indicate that ethical issues, by emphasizing the importance of human dignity and proper human relations, create a safe environment for expressing the views and opinions of employees, which consequently reduces complications and consequences of organizational silence.&nbsp; &nbsp; Cite this article as: Khalegh Khah A, Ebrahimi Naseri S, Moradi B. The Effect of Ethical Literacy on the Organizational Silence by Considering the Mediating Role of the Ethical Atmosphere of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital Staffs - Tehran. Bioethics Journal 2020; 10(35): e30

Serum ferritin and liver enzymes ratio and their agreement with NAFLD severity

Background : Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. NAFLD is characterized by elevated liver enzymes and serum ferritin concentration due to damage and abnormal function of liver cells. Increased level of serum ferritin as a parameter of liver function is commonly observed .The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between serum liver with liver and ferritin echogenicity in NAFLD patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 NAFLD patients confirmed by ultrasonography in Tabriz. Fasting blood samples were taken for assessment of Alanin aminotransferase, Aspartat aminotransferase and ferritin level. Weight and height were measured. Liver enzymes ratio were estimated and classified into tertile. Results: The mean of serum ferritin was126.34±108.25 ng/ml and was significantly associated with severity of liver echogenisity (p=0.016). Significant relationship was observed between fatty liver severity and ALT/AST ratio (p=0.004) with good agreement (Kappa value= 68.3%) while the ratio of ferritin to liver enzymes was not significantly associated with the severity of NAFLD. Conclusion: This study suggests significant agreement between severity of fatty liver and ferritin and liver enzymes ratio in NAFLD patients but not with the ratio of ferritin to liver enzymes

Investigating the Role of Customer Co-Creation Behavior on Social Media Platforms in Rendering Innovative Services

The emergence of social media platforms as the main representatives of Web 3.0 applications significantly impacts the co-creation activities among enterprises, customers, and other stakeholders, and has enabled firms to benefit from creativity and ideas of their users and customers for developing and rendering innovative services. This study aims to investigate how the co-creation activities of users on social media platforms have an effect on the enterprises&rsquo; innovative services. For this purpose, the authors surveyed customers of innovative services who used social media platforms to meet their needs from the enterprises that innovatively offer such services. An online questionnaire was designed and distributed among the sample of customers, and 505 completed questionnaires were analyzed following the PLS-SEM approach. The findings revealed that customer citizenship behavior and customer participation behavior on social media platforms positively affect the rendering of innovative services. Findings also highlighted that an increase in social co-creation activities, as moderator, positively affects customer citizenship behavior on service innovativeness, and negatively affects customer participation behavior on service innovativeness. The findings of this research could be useful for entrepreneurs and managers of the enterprises that offer innovative services to efficiently use social media tools to benefit from the customers&rsquo; co-creation activities and to perform more competitively and sustainably in a hostile business environment