Determination of an Unknown Radiation Term in a Nonlinear Inverse Problem using Simulation of Markov Chains

Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to provide a fast and accurate algorithm for identifying the medium temperature and the unknown radiation term from an overspecified condition on the boundary in an inverse problem of linear heat equation with nonlinear boundary condition. The design of the paper is to employ Taylor's series expansion for linearize nonlinear term and then finite-difference approximation to discretize the problem domain. Owing to the application of the finite difference scheme, a large sparse system of linear algebraic equations is obtained. An approach of Monte Carlo method is employed to solve the linear system and estimate unknown radiation term. The Monte Carlo optimization is adopted to modify the estimated values. Results show that a good estimation on the radiation term can be obtained within a couple of minutes CPU time at pentium IV-2.4 GHz PC

Frequency of HLA-B27 in Patients With Conductive System Disturbance and Implanted Permanent Pacemaker in Iran

Introduction: HLA-B27 is considered as one of the causes of heart conductive disorders. We studied the frequency of HLA-B27 among Iranian patients who had undergone permanent pacemaker implantation.Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was performed among patients who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation. The questionnaire contains demographic data, underling diseases, and history of heart disease or heart surgery. The type of conductive heart disorder was mentioned there, too. We determined the regurgitation of aorta valve and its severity. Finally, HLA-B27 was accessed. All the data was entered in SPSS software and analyzed.Results: From a total of 103 patients entered in this study, only 6 (5.8%) were HLAB-27 positive. The disturbance of conductive heart disorders based on the HLA-B27 positive or negative patients was not statistically different. Patients with HLA-B27 mostly had regurgitation of the aorta valve.Conclusions: We concluded that the frequency of positive HLA-B27 genotype in patients with permanent pacemakers did not have any significant difference with the ones with negative HLA-B27 genotype. However; this genotype was associated with regurgitation of the aorta valve

An Overview of the Epidemiologic, Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches of COVID-19: What do We Know?

Background: In late December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease (COVID-19) was reported in a number of patients with a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market in China. The World Health Organization officially announced the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. Here, we provided an overview of the epidemiologic, diagnostic and treatment approaches associated with COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed the publications indexed in major biomedical databases by December 20, 2020 or earlier (updated on May 16, 2021). Search keywords included a combination of: COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, Vaccine, and Treatment. We also used available information about COVID-19 from valid sources such as WHO. Results and Conclusion: At the time of writing this review, while most of the countries authorized COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use starting December 8, 2020, there is no a definite cure for it. This review synthesizes current knowledge of virology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic approaches, common treatment strategies, novel potential therapeutic options for control and prevention of COVID-19 infection, available vaccines, public health and clinical implications

Maksimiziranje efikasnosti rudarenja u kamenolomu, prikaz studije slučaja

Nowadays, the dimension stone industry performs a crucial role in the world economy. Accordingly, dimension stone quarries’ importance grows due to their different applications in various construction, building, and decorative industries. Some issues threaten this industry and provide a financial risk that should be taken into account to make the smallest possible risk for investment. The presence of discontinuities in the rock mass has a key function as far as it concerns the overall quality of in situ rock blocks. It impacts the feasibility of dimension stone quarries and overall mine exploitation efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended to survey discontinuities and rock blocks and estimate the average geometry of a rock block, including the shape and size, before mining the benches to maximize mining exploitation efficiency and minimize waste ore production. This investigation aims to survey the discontinuities of the limestone quarry mine located in Josheghan, Iran, to determine and calculate rock blocks’ suitable geometry and an extraction’s direction for active mine benches. For this purpose, the scanline method was applied to survey discontinuities in seven active benches. 3DEC software was used to indicate discontinuities and model the rock blocks for all active benches. It was concluded that the benches’ cutting line make a 13.14 degree with the discontinuities main’s direction. The result of this study proved that by changing the direction of mining and extraction for active mine benches, the unnecessary waste production would decrease. The production rate with the recommended extraction direction will increase by about 1.13% compared to the current extraction direction, which makes 13.14 degrees with the discontinuities main’s direction. Currently, bench seven recorded the minimum production rate, which is 97.60; by applying the new extraction’s direction, it is predicted that this bench will achieve a 99.83 production rate. Consequently, it is concluded by improving the production rate, exploitation efficiency would increase considerably.Danas industrija arhitektonsko-građevnoga kamena zauzima važno mjesto u svjetskoj ekonomiji. Time raste i važnost kamenoloma. Postoje također i rizici povezani s takvim aktivnostima, posebice financijski. Nazočnost pukotina u stijenskoj masi može biti glavni rizik među njima, jer one ruše kvalitetu kamena, a time utječu na iskoristivost kamenoloma. Stoga je vrlo važno istražiti pukotine, stijenske blokove, njihovu geometriju i dimenzije prije otkopavanja, kako bi se podigla iskoristivost i smanjila količina jalovine. Ovdje su izučene pukotine u kamenolomu vapnenca u Josheghanu, Iran. Izračunana je odgovarajuća geometrija stijenskih blokova važna za eksploataciju. Metodom Scanline predviđene su pukotine na sedam radilišta, a paketom 3DEC za cijeli kamenolom. Izračunano je kako se smjer otkopavanja treba projicirati s otklonom od 13,14 stupnjeva u odnosu na glavni smjer pružanja pukotina. Dokazano je kako se promjenom smjera rudarenja povećava i udjel jalovine. No, rudarenjem pod navedenim kutom povećat će se pridobivanje za 1,13 % u usporedbi s trenutačnim. Na radilištu broj sedam zabilježena je minimalna proizvodnja od 97,60, a primjenom ovih rezultata očekuje se dosizanje vrijednosti od 99,83. Na taj način moguće je znatno povećati proizvodnju i iskoristivost

A Novel Protocol for Stevia Rebaudiana (Bert.) Regeneration

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni has sweet substances (stevioside) in its leaves that are free of calories and their consumption is beneficial for diabetic patients and is also helpful in high blood pressure also. Because of low capability in seed germination, tissue culture is an appropriate method for propagation of this plant. In the current study, optimization of stevia in vitro cultivation via direct organogenesis with different explants, light intensities and plant hormones has been examined. These treatments included BAP (at 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mg/l) in combination with  2,4-D, IBA and NAA (each with concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5mg/l) and different light intensities (Dark, 2000, 4000 and 6000 lux). MS was utilized as a basal medium. Results indicated the highest rate of organogenesis (85%) occurred on the axillary buds explants with a medium containing 1.5mg/l BAP + 0.1mg/l NAA under 6000 lux light intensity. Also, the highest range of primary organ per explant (42) with 0.3cm length was achieved at this condition. The most efficient medium for rhizogenesis i.e. 100% root production along with the highest root number (11 with approximately 7.13cm length) was obtained in presence of activated charcoal and 1mg/l of IBA. At the end of rhizogenesis experiments, the plantlet length and node multiplicity were 12.8cm and 7 respectively. Greenhouse cultivation of these plantlets was successful

Dominant and Absent Types of Application of Information Technology in Medical Education and its Challenges

Background & Objective: The aim of this article was to explore the use of new information and communication technology (ICT) in medical education in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, as a single case study. Methods: The research method was descriptive. The study population consisted of students and faculty member of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Stratified sampling was used to investigate information technology in academic environments. To investigate the ideal situation a random sampling method was applied. Questionnaires, observation, survey, and other methods were used to study ICT in higher education. Results: There was a significant difference, significantly higher than the mean, between ICT use and the ideal condition in some cases and lower than the mean in others (P < 0.01). In some cases the difference was not significant, which showed the moderate use of ICT. The use of ICT is mainly in areas such as Word. However, its other possibilities, like communication, are not used. Both groups had a positive attitude toward ICT and assessed their skills as moderate (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Results indicated a significant positive relationship between these three variables in both groups (P < 0.01). The ideal situation, according to teachers and students, included ICT training, online library, and improving infrastructure, particularly internet speed. They believed the main challenges to be their lack of skills, educational policy, and financial, managerial, cultural, and infrastructural issues. Keywords Information technology Medical education Challenges Desirable situatio

Association of retinopathy and intima media thickness of common carotid artery in type 2 diabetic patients

Background: This study was carried out in order to evaluate the relationship between retinopathy and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 154 diabetic patients who had a history of diabetic disease were evaluated in two equal groups of 77 patients with and without retinopathy, respectively. CIMT was evaluated in all of the patients. Results: Mean age of the patients was 59.65 +/- 9.37 years. Mean CIMT of all patients was 0.84 +/- 0.18. CIMT of patients with retinopathy was significantly greater than patients without retinopathy (P < 0.001). CIMT also correlated with age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine. Conclusion: CIMT may be used as a simple, available and noninvasive method for screening of macro and microvascular complication of diabetic patients

Comparison of patient’s prognostic based on Madras Head Injury Prognostic Scale and Glasgow Outcome Scale in head trauma patients admitted in emergency ward of 5th Azar educative and therapeutic center in Gorgan, 2011

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