The QBO and weak external forcing by solar activity: A three dimensional model study

A better understanding is attempted of the physical mechanisms leading to significant correlations between oscillations in the lower and middle stratosphere and solar variability associated with the sun's rotation. A global 3-d mechanistic model of the middle atmosphere is employed to investigate the effects of minor artificially induced perturbations. The aim is to explore the physical mechanisms of the dynamical response especially of the stratosphere to weak external forcing as it may result from UV flux changes due to solar rotation. First results of numerical experiments dealing about the external forcing of the middle atmosphere by solar activity were presented elsewhere. Different numerical studies regarding the excitation and propagation of weak perturbations have been continued since then. The model calculations presented are made to investigate the influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to weak perturbations by employing different initial wind fields which represent the west and east phase of the QBO

An investigation of error characteristics and coding performance

The performance of forward error correcting coding schemes on errors anticipated for the Earth Observation System (EOS) Ku-band downlink are studied. The EOS transmits picture frame data to the ground via the Telemetry Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) to a ground-based receiver at White Sands. Due to unintentional RF interference from other systems operating in the Ku band, the noise at the receiver is non-Gaussian which may result in non-random errors output by the demodulator. That is, the downlink channel cannot be modeled by a simple memoryless Gaussian-noise channel. From previous experience, it is believed that those errors are bursty. The research proceeded by developing a computer based simulation, called Communication Link Error ANalysis (CLEAN), to model the downlink errors, forward error correcting schemes, and interleavers used with TDRSS. To date, the bulk of CLEAN was written, documented, debugged, and verified. The procedures for utilizing CLEAN to investigate code performance were established and are discussed

"No-Till" Farming Is a Growing Practice

Most U.S. farmers prepare their soil for seeding and weed and pest control through tillage—plowing operations that disturb the soil. Tillage practices affect soil carbon, water pollution, and farmers’ energy and pesticide use, and therefore data on tillage can be valuable for understanding the practice’s role in reaching climate and other environmental goals. In order to help policymakers and other interested parties better understand U.S. tillage practices and, especially, those practices’ potential contribution to climate-change efforts, ERS researchers compiled data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey and the National Resources Inventory-Conservation Effects Assessment Project’s Cropland Survey. The data show that approximately 35.5 percent of U.S. cropland planted to eight major crops, or 88 million acres, had no tillage operations in 2009.Tillage, no-till, Agricultural Resource Management Survey, ARMS, U.S. crop practices, National Resources Inventory-Conservation Effects Assessment Project, NRI-CEAP, carbon baseline, carbon sequestration, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty,

The Pannenbergzan Retroactive Significance of Resurrection

According to Wolfhart Pannenberg the Scriptures are born out of the historical acts of God in salvation history. It is this focus upon history, most importantly from the resurrection of Jesus Christ, that sets Pannenberg apart from his contemporaries. Previous attempts to hurdle these historical issues such as theological positivism have given way in the postmodern era to the recognition that there are few uninterpretable facts as modernity claimed. As such, hermeneutics are key to the manner in which the Scriptures are interpreted. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to consider how Wolfhart Pannenberg, an important theologian of the twentieth century, argues the retroactive significance of the resurrection is the manner in which Jesus Christ is established to be the Messiah of Israel, united to God, and the reconciler of humanity to God. It is by means of his resurrection from the dead that the incarnation and cross are established, and moreover establishes a key hermeneutic not only for Christology but consequently for the interpretation of Scripture

Copyrights-Limitations on Proprietor\u27s Exclusive Right to Vend

Plaintiff was the sole proprietor of copyrights on several educational toys. It had ordered a large number of these toys to be made by defendant manufacturer, but refused to accept them when tendered, claiming they were so defective in quality that their sale would impair plaintiff\u27s reputation. When defendant manufacturer began selling the rejected toys to the co-defendants in order to recover its own investment in them, the plaintiff obtained a temporary restraining order against all defendants prohibiting further sales of the toys pending a determination of a motion for permanent injunction. The district court granted a preliminary injunction of indefinite duration on the ground that the threatened sales might violate plaintiff proprietor\u27s exclusive right to vend its copyrighted works. The defendants appealed, contending that section 27 of the Copyright Code permitted them to sell the goods pursuant to New York state law. On appeal, held, order affirmed with modification to the extent that no injunction issue covering goods which the district court, in a further proceeding, should find the plaintiff was unjustified in rejecting. A proprietor retains an exclusive right to vend goods embodying his copyrighted conception until he has received a fair reward. Platt & Munk Co. v. Republic Graphics, Inc., 315 F.2d 847 (2d Cir. 1963)

Subcontracting Clauses and Section 8(e) of the National Labor Relations Act

The addition of section 8(e) to the National Labor Relations Act in 1959 jeopardized the validity of all subcontracting clauses-provisions in employer-union collective bargaining agreements which in some manner eliminate or condition the employer\u27s right to contract out work or which penalize the exercise of that right. Although it was not the congressional intent that section 8(e) indiscriminately abolish all subcontracting clauses, this is the literal impact of the language used in the section

Tenth Circuit: Gender Bias Study- Continuing Education and Training

The Tenth Circuit Study of Gender Bias and Sexual Harassment was initiated in September 1995 with a study of the District of Wyoming. Prior to that time a number of federal courts and individual states had undertaken comprehensive studies of gender bias. Most of the existing literature was based upon quantitative data using survey research methodology calculated to obtain a number of confidential responses, which produced substantial valuable information