Some Pyrolitic Reactions of Salts of Organic Acids

As a result of a number of isotopic and non-isotopic pyrolyses of salts of carboxylic acids, a new theory for the mechanism of these thermal decompositions has been proposed. Pyrolyses were carried out of the acetates, and of equimolar mixtures of the acetates and formates, of the following metals: lithium, potassium, calcium, strontium, barium, sodium, manganese(ous), magnesium, zinc and lead. A number of equimolar mixtures were also prepared in which one of the salts was enriched in the carboxyl position with 1

Technology to Support Rural Health and Well-being

Publisher PD

Lay epidemiology and the interpretation of low-risk drinking guidelines by adults in the United Kingdom

Aims To explore how the concept of lay epidemiology can enhance understandings of how drinkers make sense of current UK drinking guidelines. Methods Qualitative study using 12 focus groups in four sites in northern England and four sites in central Scotland. Participants were 66 male and female drinkers, aged between 19 and 65 years, of different socio-economic backgrounds. Data were analysed thematically using a conceptual framework of lay epidemiology. Results Current drinking guidelines were perceived as having little relevance to participants' drinking behaviours and were generally disregarded. Daily guidelines were seen as irrelevant by drinkers whose drinking patterns comprised heavy weekend drinking. The amounts given in the guidelines were seen as unrealistic for those motivated to drink for intoxication, and participants measured alcohol intake in numbers of drinks or containers rather than units. Participants reported moderating their drinking, but this was out of a desire to fulfil work and family responsibilities, rather than concerns for their own health. The current Australian and Canadian guidelines were preferred to UK guidelines, as they were seen to address many of the above problems. Conclusions Drinking guidelines derived from, and framed within, solely epidemiological paradigms lack relevance for adult drinkers who monitor and moderate their alcohol intake according to their own knowledge and risk perceptions derived primarily from experience. Insights from lay epidemiology into how drinkers regulate and monitor their drinking should be used in the construction of drinking guidelines to enhance their credibility and efficacy

The management of systems of sheep production from forage resources

The International Hill Land Symposium was held at Oregon State University in April 1983.Management can be defined as the manipulation of pastures and animal populations, with the objective of making the most effective use of any given set of farm resources (land, buildings, labor) and variable costs. Efficiency is ultimately an economic concept. Systems of production will be profoundly influenced by the costs of the major inputs, the relative costs of alternative feeds and by the value of the product(s). Knowledge of the biology of the relevant animals, pastures and the interactions between them is fundamental to the development of principles upon which systems of forage utilization are founded. It is to these principles, and their implications for management systems that this paper is addressed

Remotely supported prehospital ultrasound : a feasibility study of real-time image transmission and expert guidance to aid diagnosis in remote and rural communities

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The project was supported by ultrasound manufacturers Philips Healthcare (UK), BK Medical (Peabody, MA; part of Analogic Ultrasound Group), and Tactical Wireless (Aylesbury, UK) who provided loan equipment and technical support. The authors would also like to thank the Scottish Ambulance Service for their support, staff and vehicles; the NHS staff who took part as experts; and the volunteers who participated in the scanning. FUNDING This research was supported by Highlands & Islands Enterprise, the UK Technology Strategy Board’s Space and Life Sciences Catapult, the University of Aberdeen’s dot.rural Digital Economy Hub and by TAQA Bratani.Peer reviewedPostprin