Role of Monotonous Attention in Traffic Violations, Errors, and Accidents

Recent traffic Law in Turkey requires that drivers whose driving licenses were withheld because of their serious traffic offences be subjected to “psychotechnical assessment” tests. These tests must include measures for psychomotor and mental abilities such as monotonous attention, peripheral perception, and reasoning. Currently, we are in process of developing a computer based psychotechnical driver test system. This study investigates the validity of the monotonous attention test that is one of the measures in our system. Participants were 79 volunteer drivers from Ankara, Turkey. First, drivers completed the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) measuring violations and errors and demographic items regarding drivers’ history of offences and accidents. Second, participants were asked to respond the Traffic Monotonous Attention Test that is a cancellation task. Initial analysis revealed that the correlations between the scores of attention index and other major variables were not significant. Therefore, a tripartite split was performed on the participants’ attention scores. The results of ANOVAs revealed that those who had medium level of attention (incorrect responses) reported higher levels of driving errors than both high and low attention groups. The examination of the relationships between accident type and the continuous attention scores indicated that those having active accidents also had higher levels of both incorrect and omitted responses than no accident and passive accident groups. Findings of this study seem to imply that individual differences in the monotonous attention should be related with accident involvement and therefore, should be considered in devising a computer-based system including the measure of monotonous attention

Diş hekimliği fakültelerinde kullanılan farklı diş ünitlerinin su ünitlerinin su sistemlerinin geri akım kontaminasyonu açısından değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Farklı diş koltuk sistemlerine bağlı gerikaçış engelleyici sistemlerin etkinliğinin uzun dönem araştırılması ve farklı branşlara göre gerikaçış sonucu ortaya çıkabilecek çapraz enfeksiyon riskinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Dişhekimliğinin birbirinden farklı üç branşından çalışma grubu oluşturulmuştur. Bu farklı üç gruptan elde edilen materyaller bakteri varlığı açısından değerlendirilerek gruplar arasındaki farklılık mikrobiyolojik açıdan incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Üç grupta da birçok bakteri kolonisinin izole edildiği görülmekle birlikte üreyen mikroorganizmaların çoğunun çevreden ve ağız florasından sıklıkla izole edilen bakteri kolonileri olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Diş ünit sistemlerinin kontaminasyonu engelleyici sistemlerle donatılmasının son derece önemli olduğu görülmüş, bununla birlikte uzun zamandır kullanılan diş ünit sistemlerinin sıklıkla kontrol edilmesi ve gerektiğinde yenilenmesi sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Removal of a supernumerary tooth displaced into the infratemporal fossa during extraction

Accidental displacement of an impacted tooth into the infratemporal fossa (ITF) is a rare but serious complication because of the vulnerability of the surrounding anatomical structures. Here we present the case of a 40-year-old man who reported pain on the right side of his face. Panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography revealed an impacted third molar and a supernumerary tooth positioned immediately below it. Under local anesthesia, the third molar was easily extracted; however, the supernumerary tooth was inadvertently displaced into the ITF. The position of the tooth was confirmed by radiographic examination, and it was immediately removed intraorally by expanding the flap and carefully dissecting the soft tissues. Clinical aspects of this rare complication were evaluated, with special emphasis on the reliability of imaging modalities and surgical techniques

Klinik ön tanı ve elektronöromiyografik i?nceleme ne kadar uyumlu?

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of the clinical diagnosis of patients referred to the electroneuromyography laboratory with the electrophysiological diagnosis. Material and Method: Eight hundred eighty two patients were enrolled in the study. Their ages, genders, the clinic that referred the patient, the clinical diagnosis, and the electrophysiological results were registered retrospectively and the results were statistically evaluated. Results: Five hundred twenty four of 882 patients enrolled in the study were women, while 358 of them were men. Four hundred hundred ninety nine (56,6%) of the patients were consulted by the Neurology department, 222 (25,2%) patients were consulted by the Neurosurgery deparment, 59 (6,7%) patients were consulted by the Physical medicine and rehabilitation deparment while 61 (6,9%) patients were referred by the Orthopedy department and 41 (4,6%) by other departments. Carpal tunnel syndrome was the most frequent clinical diagnosis (28,7%). Only in a small group of patients symptoms were assessed rather than the clinical diagnosis (2,9%). In 49,1% of the patients, There was correlation between clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis while 44,7% of patients had normal electroneuromyography results. Discussion: The high rate of the normal electroneuromyography tests and the statistically significant discordance of clinical diagnosis of patients with their electrophysiological test results show that, there are inessential electroneuromyography reguests

Apical extrusion of debris using self-adjusting file, reciprocating single-file, and 2 rotary instrumentation systems

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the weight of debris extruded apically from teeth using different in vitro preparation techniques. Methods Sixty-eight extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals and similar lengths were instrumented using ProTaper F2 (25,.08; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), the Self-Adjusting File (1.5-mm diameter; Re-Dent Nova, Ra'anana, Israel), Revo-S SU (25,.06; MicroMega, Besancon, France), or Reciproc (R25; VDW GmbH, Munich Germany). Debris extruded during instrumentation were collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70 C for 5 days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed to obtain the final weight of the Eppendorf tubes when the extruded debris were included. Three consecutive weights were obtained for each tube. Results There were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P =.218). The ProTaper group produced the highest mean extrusion value. The Reciproc produced less debris compared with all the other instruments (P >.05). Conclusions All instrumentation techniques were associated with extruded debris. © 2013 American Association of Endodontists

Evaluation of the shear bond strength of zirconia to a self-adhesive resin cement after different surface treatment.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the SBS of pre-sintered and sintered zirconia to a selfadhesive resin cement after various treatment (air abrasion and the Nd:YAG laser irradiation at varying power levels -1 W, 2 W and 3 W). MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-nine zirconia specimens were prepared and divided into 3 groups: control (with no surface treatment); and pre-sintered and sintered groups with surface treatment. Surface treatment was applied before sintering in the pre-sintered group and after sintering in the sintered group. After following all protocols, a resin cement was layered on the zirconia surface. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The results were subjected to the statistical analysis. The surface topography and phase transformation of zirconia were evaluated using the atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses after surface treatment. RESULTS The laser irradiation (3 W, 1 W and 2 W) of the pre-sintered zirconia surface resulted in the highest SBS values (p < 0.001), while the lowest SBS values were obtained with airborne particle abrasion of the pre-sintered and sintered zirconia surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Laser irradiation increased the SBS of pre-sintered zirconia to a resin cement. Surface treatment with air abrasion had a lesser effect on the SBS values