The First Model-Based Geostatistical Map of Anaemia

Abdisalan Noor discusses new research in <i>PLoS Medicine<I> that used model-based geostatistics to investigate the risks of anemia among preschool-aged children in West Africa that were attributable to malnutrition, malaria, and helminth infections

Light Rays of New Physics: CP Violation in B -> Xs gamma Decays

The observation of a sizable CP asymmetry in the inclusive decays B -> Xs gamma would be a clean signal of New Physics. In the Standard Model, this asymmetry is below 1 % in magnitude. In extensions of the Standard Model with new CP-violating couplings, large asymmetries are possible without conflicting with the experimental value of the B -> Xs gamma branching ratio. In particular, large asymmetries arise naturally in models with enhanced chromo-magnetic dipole transitions. Some generic examples of such models are explored and their implications for the semileptonic branching ratio and charm yield in B decays discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, uses ltwol2e.sty (included); to appear in the Proceedings of the QCD 98 Euroconference (Montpellier) and of the 29th International Conference on High Energy Physics (Vancouver

Chiral Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography: Principle and Applications, Detection and Identification, Design of Experiment, and Exploration of Chiral Recognition Using Molecular Modeling

This work reviews the literature of chiral capillary electrokinetic chromatography from January 2016 to March 2021. This is done to explore the state-of-the-art approach and recent developments carried out in this field. The separation principle of the technique is described and supported with simple graphical illustrations, showing migration under normal and reversed polarity modes of the separation voltage. The most relevant applications of the technique for enantioseparation of drugs and other enantiomeric molecules in different fields using chiral selectors in single, dual, or multiple systems are highlighted. Measures to improve the detection sensitivity of chiral capillary electrokinetic chromatography with UV detector are discussed, and the alternative aspects are explored, besides special emphases to hyphenation compatibility to mass spectrometry. Partial filling and counter migration techniques are described. Indirect identification of the separated enantiomers and the determination of enantiomeric migration order are mentioned. The application of Quality by Design principles to facilitate method development, optimization, and validation is presented. The elucidation and explanation of chiral recognition in molecular bases are discussed with special focus on the role of molecular modeling

Major clinical findings of ortho-surgical procedures in Class II patients: a concise systematic review

Introduction: In the ortho-surgery treatment, the AOB is an easily recognized malocclusion and presents only aesthetic and functional problems. Its etiology is multifactorial, including heredity, oral habits, unfavorable growth patterns, and increased lymphatic tissue along with mouth breathing and functional oral matrices. The prevalence of anterior open bite in the early mixed dentition is approximately 17.0-25%. Objective: the present study aimed to list the major clinical findings of ortho-surgical procedures in class II patients, as well as to analyze the risks of bias between the selected clinical studies. Methods: The present study was followed by a systematic literature review model, according to the PRISMA rules. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The present study was carried out from February to June of 2022. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, with randomized controlled clinical studies, prospective controlled clinical studies, and studies of systematic review and meta-analysis listed as the studies with the greatest scientific evidence, and the Risk of Bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument (Funnel Plot Analysis). Results and Conclusion: A total of 111 articles were found. After this process, the abstracts were evaluated and a new exclusion was performed based on the GRADE Instrument and Risk of Bias. A total of 57 articles were fully evaluated and 13 clinical studies were included and discussed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 27 studies that were excluded with a Major Risk of Bias (studies with small sample size), and 44 studies that were excluded with a Minor Risk of Bias. Also, 7 studies were excluded because they did not meet the GRADE. Significant improvement in anterior occlusion can be expected in most patients when maxillary or mandibular surgery is used for Class II open bite correction. However, there will be individual patients in whom there will be considerable post-treatment changes in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions. Although individual morphology needs to be taken into account, it appears that both short-term and long-term stability are likely to be greater after Le Fort I surgery compared to bilateral sagittal split osteotomy

A case of distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with two positive resection margins

Cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon primary malignancy of the biliary tract that is challenging to diagnose and treat effectively due to its relatively silent and late clinical presentation. The present study reports a case of a 60-year-old male with distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a 3-week history of painless obstructive jaundice symptoms and subjective weight loss. Imaging revealed an obstructing lesion in the common bile duct, just distal to the entrance of the cystic duct. Pathology revealed moderately differentiated cholangiocarcinoma with two positive proximal resection margins. The two positive resection margins presented a challenge during surgery and points to an urgent need for further studies to better illuminate diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with similar clinicopathological presentation

Fermentation of Soybean Meal with Lactobacillus acidophilus Allows Greater Inclusion of Vegetable Protein in the Diet and Can Reduce Vibrionacea in the Intestine of the South American Catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different inclusion levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28%) of soybean meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (SMFL) on the zootechnical performance and intestinal health of South American catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replications and lasted 56 days. Five isoproteic (39% crude protein) and isoenergetic (4300 kcal of gross energy kg−1) diets were formulated where SMFL was included in replacement of fish meal. Two hundred forty South American catfish juveniles (3.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed in 20 tanks (70 L) connected in a recirculation aquaculture system. At the end of the experiment, the inclusion of SMFL up to 21% in replacement of fish meal did not affect the zootechnical performance and also decreased the concentration of Vibrionaceae bacteria present in the intestine compared to the control group. The amount of total lactic and heterotrophic bacteria, the enzymatic activity and the intestinal morphometry did not differ between dietary treatments. The results demonstrate that fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus enables greater inclusion of soybean protein in South American catfish diets and promotes the control of intestinal pathogenic bacteria.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Heavy --> Light semileptonic decays of pseudoscalar mesons from lattice QCD

We have computed the form factors for B --> pi and D --> K(pi) semileptonic decays on the lattice by using full non-perturbative O(a) improvement, in the quenched approximation. Our results are expressed in terms of few parameters which describe the q^2-dependence and normalization of the form factors.Comment: 28 pages (LaTeX2e), 11 PostScript figures (version to appear in Nucl.Phys.B

TRANSPLANTE RENAL: VÍDEO INFORMATIVO COMO ALTERNATIVA DE INTERVENÇÃO PARA A ADESÃO DE PACIENTES AO TRATAMENTO MÉDICO

Orientar pacientes e prepar&aacute;-los para o transplante renal &eacute; responsabilidade da equipe de sa&uacute;de. Recursos audiovisuais s&atilde;o alternativas para fornecer informa&ccedil;&atilde;o aos pacientes, tem boa rela&ccedil;&atilde;o custo/benef&iacute;cio e facilidade de utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o. O v&iacute;deo facilita o trabalho da equipe e esclarece o paciente sobre o processo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever o processo de produ&ccedil;&atilde;o de um v&iacute;deo informativo sobre o transplante renal. Participaram seis m&eacute;dicos urologistas, que responderam um roteiro elaborado sobre transplante renal. Foram utilizadas imagens ilustrativas e a montagem do v&iacute;deo seguiu a sequ&ecirc;ncia do roteiro. A elabora&ccedil;&atilde;o do v&iacute;deo foi realizada em laborat&oacute;rio de edi&ccedil;&atilde;o de imagem de uma universidade p&uacute;blica.&nbsp; Trinta quest&otilde;es foram distribu&iacute;das em seis temas (Anatomia e Funcionamento Renal; Transplante Renal; Doa&ccedil;&atilde;o; Pr&eacute;-Operat&oacute;rio; Cirurgia; P&oacute;s-Operat&oacute;rio). A elabora&ccedil;&atilde;o do v&iacute;deo foi composta por uma descri&ccedil;&atilde;o do contexto do transplante, import&acirc;ncia do seguimento das recomenda&ccedil;&otilde;es da equipe de sa&uacute;de, eventuais efeitos indesej&aacute;veis e comportamentos de ades&atilde;o. O emprego do v&iacute;deo demonstrou efetividade quanto a ades&atilde;o ao tratamento e possibilitou a inclus&atilde;o de um maior n&uacute;mero de pacientes. Espera-se que o presente trabalho contribua para ampliar o uso efetivo de recursos que auxiliem no fornecimento de informa&ccedil;&atilde;o e melhora na ades&atilde;o aos tratamentos de sa&uacute;de

Maternal nutrition modifies trophoblast giant cell phenotype and fetal growth in mice

Mammalian placentation is dependent upon the action of trophoblast cells at the time of implantation. Appropriate fetal growth, regulated by maternal nutrition and nutrient transport across the placenta, is a critical factor for adult offspring long-term health. We have demonstrated that a mouse maternal low-protein diet (LPD) fed exclusively during preimplantation development (Emb-LPD) increases offspring growth but programmes adult cardiovascular and metabolic disease. In this study, we investigate the impact of maternal nutrition on post-implantation trophoblast phenotype and fetal growth. Ectoplacental cone explants were isolated at day 8 of gestation from female mice fed either normal protein diet (NPD: 18% casein), LPD (9% casein) or Emb-LPD and cultured in vitro. We observed enhanced spreading and cell division within proliferative and secondary trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) emerging from explants isolated from LPD-fed females when compared with NPD and Emb-LPD explants after 24 and 48 h. Moreover, both LPD and Emb-LPD explants showed substantial expansion of TGC area during 24-48 h, not observed in NPD. No difference in invasive capacity was observed between treatments using Matrigel transwell migration assays. At day 17 of gestation, LPD- and Emb-LPD-fed conceptuses displayed smaller placentas and larger fetuses respectively, resulting in increased fetal:placental ratios in both groups compared with NPD conceptuses. Analysis of placental and yolk sac nutrient signalling within the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway revealed similar levels of total and phosphorylated downstream targets across groups. These data demonstrate that early post-implantation embryos modify trophoblast phenotype to regulate fetal growth under conditions of poor maternal nutrition

La résidence étudiante idéale

Le nombre d'étudiants dans l'enseignement supérieur en France augmente chaque année, atteignant un niveau record en 2014 avec 2,39 millions d'étudiants, selon les chiffres de l'Insee (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques). Toutefois, le nombre de logements uniquement dédiés aux étudiants n'a que très peu augmenté et aujourd'hui ce nombre n’est plus suffisant. En effet, seulement 340.000 logements sont destinés en particulier aux étudiants. La France a besoin d’augmenter son parc d’habitats étudiants, et c’est dans cette optique, que l'État français a lancé un programme spécial sur la politique du logement dont le but est de faciliter l'accès au logement pour les étudiants. Une des mesures les plus importantes prises par le gouvernement français est de doubler ce chiffre afin d'atteindre 680.000 logements étudiants d'ici 2020. Actuellement, les étudiants ont le choix entre différents types de logement. En effet, en France, un étudiant peut vivre dans une résidence du CROUS (Centres Régionaux des OEuvres Universitaires et Scolaires) sur critères sociaux ou dans les résidences étudiantes privées qui proposent, pour la plupart d'entre elles, de nombreux services même certains services hôteliers. Ils peuvent partager leur logement dans une résidence de l'école, dans un pensionnat ou dans un foyer d'étudiants. Enfin, ils ont également la possibilité de vivre avec des colocataires en trouvant des logements dans le secteur privé. Néanmoins, certaines familles ne peuvent pas se permettre de payer un loyer à leurs enfants et cela rend impossible le départ du domicile familial de certaines personnes. Pour répondre à ce problème, des sociétés sont présentes et offrent des solutions adaptées au quotidien des étudiants. Parmi ces sociétés on trouve la MGEL (Mutuelle générale des étudiants de l’Est). La MGEL propose depuis 1994 des logements dans ses résidences étudiantes pour les jeunes actifs et les étudiants. Elle essaie de répondre autant que possible aux besoins des jeunes en établissant ses résidences près des campus universitaires et des écoles et en proposant de nombreux services comme les buanderies, salles polyvalentes, gymnases et la présence d’animateurs. Afin de se rapprocher au mieux des besoins des étudiants, la société MGEL a lancé cette année un concours intitulé "La résidence étudiante idéale". Ce concours permettra de mettre en avant de nouveaux concepts et idées pour les logements étudiants. Grâce à un projet GAIA (Gouvernance architecture ingénierie administration) réunissant des élèves de trois écoles de Nancy - ENSGSI (École nationale supérieure en génie des systèmes et de l’innovation), EEIGM (École européenne d’ingénieur en génie des matériaux) et ENSAN (École nationale supérieure d’archit cture de Nancy)-, nous avons eu la chance de prendre part à ce concours et nous avons utilisé notre diversité et nos différentes façons de penser et de travailler pour proposer un projet innovant qui répondra aux besoins des étudiants, et aux demandes et attentes des parents et de la MGEL. Dans ce rapport, nous allons vous exposer la démarche que nous avons suivie pour aboutir à la conception de notre résidence étudiante idéale. Pour ce faire, nous vous présenterons le contexte du projet amenant à la problématisation. Puis, nous exposerons les études effectuées qui nous ont conduits à l’élaboration de la résidence idéale. Enfin, vous découvrirez notre concept ainsi que les perspectives que nous imaginons pour ce projet