Scientia'2022: livro de resumos alargados

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Short-term high-fat diet affects macrophages inflammatory response, early signs of a long-term problem

Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Most studies observe the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in 10–12 weeks. This work investigated the effects induced by a HFD administered for 6 weeks on the nutritional status of mice and some aspects of the inflammatory response in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Male Swiss Webster mice, 2–3 months of age, were fed a control diet or HFD for 6 weeks. After this period, the mice were euthanized, and peritoneal macrophages were collected for immunoassays and assessment of biochemical parameters. A HFD was associated with increased cholesterol, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, and serum resistin levels. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated adipocyte cultures of animals subjected to a HFD showed increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, peritoneal macrophages of the HFD group showed no changes in the levels of these cytokines. LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from HFD-treated animals showed a reduction in mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as a decrease in expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). In conclusion, HFD treatment for 6 weeks induces similar signs to metabolic syndrome and decreases the capacity of peritoneal macrophages to develop an appropriate inflammatory response to a bacterial component

Use of sequential sampling to evaluate the efficiency of Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) parasitism on Sirex noctilio adults (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

O nemat\uf3ide Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) \ue9 o principal agente de controle de Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), vespa-da-madeira. ao esterilizar as f\ueameas do inseto, atinge n\uedveis de parasitismo pr\uf3ximos a 100%, com m\ue9dia de 70%. o monitoramento da efici\ueancia do nemat\uf3ide tem sido realizado pela avalia\ue7\ue3o da sua presen\ue7a no aparelho reprodutor de machos e f\ueameas do inseto. por\ue9m, esse processo \ue9 exaustivo e antiecon\uf4mico quando aplicado a amostras muito grandes. o objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar a t\ue9cnica da amostragem seq\ufcencial para avalia\ue7\ue3o da efici\ueancia do parasitismo de Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola em adultos de Sirex noctilio, a qual se mostrou como uma alternativa vi\ue1vel, pois se baseia em um tamanho vari\ue1vel de amostra, definido em fun\ue7\ue3o dos resultados obtidos durante os levantamentos amostrais, resultando em redu\ue7\ue3o do tamanho da amostra, dos custos da atividade e precis\ue3o nos resultados. foram tamb\ue9m abordados aspectos do parasitismo por Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola.The nematode Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) is the main control agent of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). It acts by female sterilization and reaches parasitism levels close to 100%, averaging 70%. The monitoring of the efficiency of this nematode parasitism has been done by evaluating the presence of the worm in the reproductive apparatus of male and female wasps, but this process is time consuming and expensive when applied to large samples. The objective of this research was to apply the sequential sampling which has proved to be a viable alternative to evaluate the efficiency of the parasitism of Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola on Sirex noctilio. It is based on a variable sample size that is defined in function of the results obtained from the survey, reducing the costs of sampling and obtaining a satisfactory precision level. Some aspects of parasitism by Deladenus (Beddingia) siricidicola are addressed

Valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos para camundongos das linhagens C57BL/6, Swiss Webster e BALB/c

The use of animals in scientific research has contributed significantly to the development of science, promoting various advances in understanding the metabolic machinery and the discovery of treatments and preventive measures applied to human and veterinary medicine. The development and use of alternative methods is encouraged; however, in some situations, the use of animals in accordance with ethical policies is still required. Established hematological and clinical chemistry reference values in laboratory animals are essential to evaluate functional changes; however, there are few data in the literature on these values, being fundamentally a comparative basis. The aim of this investigation was the establishment of hematological and clinical chemistry reference values in common strains/stocks of mice used in animal experimentation. Blood profile (hemogram, reticulocytes and myelogram) and clinical chemistry serum determination of total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus were evaluated using C57BL/6, BALB/c and Swiss Webster mice, male, 2-3 months old. The results standardize reference intervals in animals reared in Laboratory Animal Facility, reflecting the expected condition in rodents subjected to scientific research.O uso de animais na pesquisa científica tem contribuído significativamente para o desenvolvimento da ciência, promovendo vários avanços na compreensão da maquinaria metabólica, bem como a descoberta de tratamentos e medidas preventivas aplicadas à medicina humana e veterinária. O desenvolvimento e utilização de métodos alternativos é encorajado, no entanto, em algumas situações, ainda é necessária a utilização de animais em conformidade com termos éticos. Estabelecer valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos para animais de laboratório é essencial para avaliar alterações funcionais, no entanto, existem poucos dados na literatura sobre estes valores, sendo fundamentalmente uma base comparativa. O presente trabalho foi delineado para estabelecer valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos em linhagens camundongos utilizados em pesquisa científica. Foram avaliados o perfil sanguíneo (hemograma, reticulócitos e mielograma) e a determinação bioquímica sérica de proteínas totais, albumina, glicose, colesterol, triglicerídeos, cálcio e fósforo. Foram utilizados camundongos C57BL/6, BALB/c e Swiss Webster, do sexo masculino, 2-3 meses de idade. Os resultados padronizam intervalos de referência em camundongos criados em Biotério, refletindo a condição esperada nesses animais submetidos à investigação científica

Study of a Class of Four Dimensional Nonsingular Cosmological Bounces

We study a novel class of nonsingular time-symmetric cosmological bounces. In this class of four dimensional models the bounce is induced by a perfect fluid with a negative energy density. Metric perturbations are solved in an analytic way all through the bounce. The conditions for generating a scale invariant spectrum of tensor and scalar metric perturbations are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitive PDGFR. mutations in GIST:Two cases and review of the literature

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Most GISTs harbor a c-KIT (80%) or a PDGFR alpha (10%) mutation that leads to constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor. Response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is dependent on mutational status of the tumor. The most common mutation in PDGFR alpha, D842V, is known to be imatinib resistant. Almost all other PDGFR alpha mutations are imatinib sensitive. We describe two patients with a PDGFR alpha exon 18 mutated GIST responding to treatment with TKIs. One of these patients has a p.M844_S847 deletion, not previously described in relation with TKI treatment response. Mutations in circulating tumor DNA were detectable with digital droplet PCR in serial plasma samples taken during treatment and correlated with treatment response of both patients. Computer 3D-modeling of the PDGFR alpha kinase domain of these two variants revealed no direct interference in imatinib or sunitinib binding and no effect in its activity in contrast to the reported structure of the imatinib resistant D842V mutation. An overview is given of the literature regarding the evidence of patients with different PDGFR alpha mutated GISTs on response to TKIs. The findings emphasize the use of mutational analysis in GIST to provide patients personalized treatment. Detection of mutations in plasma is feasible and can provide real-time information concerning treatment response. We suggest to register GIST patients with these uncommon mutations in a prospective international database to understand the tumor biology and obtain more evidence of such mutations to predict treatment response