478 research outputs found
Unifying N=5 and N=6
We write the Lagrangian of the general N=5 three-dimensional superconformal
Chern-Simons theory, based on a basic Lie superalgebra, in terms of our
recently introduced N=5 three-algebras. These include N=6 and N=8
three-algebras as special cases. When we impose an antisymmetry condition on
the triple product, the supersymmetry automatically enhances, and the N=5
Lagrangian reduces to that of the well known N=6 theory, including the ABJM and
ABJ models.Comment: 19 pages. v2: Published version. Minor typos corrected, references
adde
Analysis of Boltzmann-Langevin Dynamics in Nuclear Matter
The Boltzmann-Langevin dynamics of harmonic modes in nuclear matter is
analyzed within linear-response theory, both with an elementary treatment and
by using the frequency-dependent response function. It is shown how the source
terms agitating the modes can be obtained from the basic BL correlation kernel
by a simple projection onto the associated dual basis states, which are
proportional to the RPA amplitudes and can be expressed explicitly. The source
terms for the correlated agitation of any two such modes can then be extracted
directly, without consideration of the other modes. This facilitates the
analysis of collective modes in unstable matter and makes it possible to asses
the accuracy of an approximate projection technique employed previously.Comment: 13 latex pages, 4 PS figure
Os efeitos do cigarro e do consumo de café sobre a formação óssea e a integração óssea de implantes de hidroxiapatita
The present study aims to assess the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation and/or coffee consumption on bone formation and osseous integration of a dense hydroxyapatite (DHA) implant in rats. For this study, 20 male rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): CT (control) group, CE (coffee) group, CI (cigarette) group and CC (coffee + cigarette) group. During 16 weeks, animals in the CI group were exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation equivalent to 6 cigarettes per day; specimens in the CE group drank coffee as liquid diet; and rats in the CC group were submitted to both substances. In the 6th week a 5 mm slit in the parietal bone and a 4 mm slit in the tibia were performed on the left side: the former was left open while the latter received a DHA implant. As soon as surgeries were finished, the animals returned to their original protocols and after 10 weeks of exposure they were euthanised (ethically sacrificed) and the mentioned bones collected for histological processing. Data showed that exposure to cigarette smoke inhalation and coffee consumption did not interfere in weight gain and that solid and liquid diet consumption was satisfactory. Rats in the CC group showed a decrease in bone neoformation around the tibial DHA implant (31.8 ± 2.8) as well as in bone formation in the parietal slit (28.6 ± 2.2). On their own, cigarette smoke inhalation or coffee consumption also led to diminished bone neoformation around the implant and delayed the bone repair process in relation to the CT group. However, reduction in the bone repair process was accentuated with exposure to both cigarette smoke inhalation and coffee consumption in this study.O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tabagismo e do consumo de cafĂ©, isolada ou concomitantemente, sobre a formação Ăłssea e a osseointegração de implantes hidroxiapatita densa. Foram utilizados 20 ratos machos, divididos em quatro grupos (n = 5): grupo CT (controle); grupo CA (cafĂ©); grupo CI (cigarro), e grupo CC (cigarro + cafĂ©). Durante 16 semanas, os animais do grupo CI foram expostos Ă fumaça de seis cigarros/dia; os animais do grupo CA consumiram cafĂ© como dieta lĂquida, e os animais do grupo CC, ambas as substâncias. ApĂłs seis semanas de exposição, uma falha Ăłssea de 5 mm foi produzida no osso parietal esquerdo e de 4 mm, na tĂbia esquerda dos animais. A falha do parietal foi mantida aberta, enquanto na tĂbia corpos cerâmicos de hidroxiapatita densa (HAD) foram implantados em cavidade produzida cirurgicamente. ApĂłs as cirurgias, os animais retornaram aos protocolos experimentais e, ao tĂ©rmino de dez semanas, foram eutanasiados, sendo as tĂbias e os parietais coletados para processamento histolĂłgico. A exposição Ă fumaça do cigarro e o consumo de cafĂ© nĂŁo interferiram no ganho de peso dos animais, e os consumos de dieta lĂquida e sĂłlida foram satisfatĂłrios entre os grupos. Os animais do grupo CC apresentaram menor volume de osso neoformado ao redor do implante de HAD na tĂbia (31,8 ± 2,8) e menor osteogĂŞnese na falha produzida no osso parietal (28,6 ± 2,2). O cafĂ© e o cigarro consumidos isoladamente provocam a diminuição do volume de osso ao redor do implante e o atraso no processo de reparação Ăłssea. Observou-se que o consumo de cafĂ© associado Ă exposição Ă fumaça do cigarro reduziu de forma acentuada o processo de reparação Ăłssea, no presente estudo.Universidade JosĂ© do Rosário VellanoUniversidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de AlfenasUniversidade Estadual de CampinasUniversidade JosĂ© do Rosário Vellano Faculdade de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL
Half-integer Higher Spin Fields in (A)dS from Spinning Particle Models
We make use of O(2r+1) spinning particle models to construct linearized
higher-spin curvatures in (A)dS spaces for fields of arbitrary half-integer
spin propagating in a space of arbitrary (even) dimension: the field
potentials, whose curvatures are computed with the present models, are
spinor-tensors of mixed symmetry corresponding to Young tableaux with D/2 - 1
rows and r columns, thus reducing to totally symmetric spinor-tensors in four
dimensions. The paper generalizes similar results obtained in the context of
integer spins in (A)dS.Comment: 1+18 pages; minor changes in the notation, references updated.
Published versio
Pediatricians and nutritionists knowledge about treatment of cow milk allergy in infants
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the knowledge of pediatricians and nutritionists regarding the exclusion diet of cow milk and derivates, with emphasis on questions related to the nutrition of children submitted to such diet. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that enrolled pediatricians (n=53) and nutritionists (n=29) from public hospitals in SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil, during 2005. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: The age of the professionals varied from 21 to 50 years old. Regarding professional experience, 41.2% were graduated for less than five years and 91.6% had a specialization course, masters and/or PhD degree. The vast majority of professionals (97.5%) confirmed that they regularly evaluated the diet of children that needed exclusion of cow milk. However, only 48% of the professionals conducted a more detailed evaluation of the diet, including calculations of food ingestion. Only 38.7% of the professionals compared child s food ingestion with some recommended pattern. Recommendations for daily ingestion of calcium by children up to the age of 36 months were properly mentioned by 22% of the pediatricians and 60.7% of the nutritionists (p=0.001). Inadequate cow milk substitute products were recommended by 66% of the pediatricians and by 48.3% of the nutritionists. Regarding labels of industrialized products, 81.6% of the pediatricians and 96.4% of the nutritionists advised the parents to look for all terms that could indicate the presence of cow milk protein. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians and nutritionists made conceptual errors in their main recommendations regarding the treatment of cow milk protein allergy.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento de pediatras e nutricionistas sobre a dieta de exclusĂŁo do leite de vaca e seus derivados, com ĂŞnfase em questões relacionadas Ă nutrição da criança. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo, do qual participaram pediatras (n=53) e nutricionistas (n=29), vinculados a hospitais pĂşblicos do MunicĂpio de SĂŁo Paulo, no ano de 2005. Os dados foram coletados por questionário auto-administrado. RESULTADOS: A idade dos profissionais variou de 21 a 50 anos. Quanto ao tempo de graduação, 41,2% eram formados a menos de cinco anos e 91,6% possuĂam especialização, mestrado e/ou doutorado. A maioria (97,5%) afirmou avaliar a dieta de crianças submetidas Ă exclusĂŁo do leite de vaca, entretanto, somente 48% o faziam de forma mais detalhadas, incluindo o cálculo da ingestĂŁo alimentar. Apenas 38,7% comparam a ingestĂŁo alimentar da criança com algum padrĂŁo de recomendação. A recomendação diária da ingestĂŁo de cálcio para crianças com atĂ© 36 meses foi corretamente assinalada por 22% dos pediatras e 60,7% dos nutricionistas (p=0,001). Produtos nĂŁo adequados como substitutos do leite de vaca seriam recomendados por 66% dos pediatras e 48,3% dos nutricionistas. Com relação Ă leitura de rĂłtulos de produtos industrializados, 81,6% dos pediatras e 96,4% dos nutricionistas orientam os pais a ler todos os termos que indicam a presença das proteĂnas do leite de vaca. CONCLUSĂ•ES: Os pediatras e nutricionista demonstraram erro conceitual no que se refere Ă s principais recomendações terapĂŞuticas na alergia Ă s proteĂnas do leite de vaca.Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPUNIFESPSciEL
Monopoles, three-algebras and ABJM theories with supersymmetry
We extend the hermitian three-algebra formulation of ABJM theory to include
factors. With attention payed to extra factors, we refine the
classification of ABJM theories. We argue that essentially the only
allowed gauge groups are , and
and that we have only one independent Chern-Simons level in
all these cases. Our argument is based on integrality of the
Chern-Simons levels and supersymmetry. A relation between monopole operators
and Wilson lines in Chern-Simons theory suggests certain gauge representations
of the monopole operators. From this we classify cases where we can not expect
enhanced supersymmetry. We also show that there are two equivalent
formulations of ABJM theories, based on hermitian three-algebra and
quaternionic three-algebra respectively. We suggest properties of monopoles in
theories and show how these monopoles may enhance supersymmetry from
to .Comment: 52 page
Cryptosporidium Priming Is More Effective than Vaccine for Protection against Cryptosporidiosis in a Murine Protein Malnutrition Model
Cryptosporidium is a major cause of severe diarrhea, especially in malnourished children. Using a murine model of C. parvum oocyst challenge that recapitulates clinical features of severe cryptosporidiosis during malnutrition, we interrogated the effect of protein malnutrition (PM) on primary and secondary responses to C. parvum challenge, and tested the differential ability of mucosal priming strategies to overcome the PM-induced susceptibility. We determined that while PM fundamentally alters systemic and mucosal primary immune responses to Cryptosporidium, priming with C. parvum (106 oocysts) provides robust protective immunity against re-challenge despite ongoing PM. C. parvum priming restores mucosal Th1-type effectors (CD3+CD8+CD103+ T-cells) and cytokines (IFNÎł, and IL12p40) that otherwise decrease with ongoing PM. Vaccination strategies with Cryptosporidium antigens expressed in the S. Typhi vector 908htr, however, do not enhance Th1-type responses to C. parvum challenge during PM, even though vaccination strongly boosts immunity in challenged fully nourished hosts. Remote non-specific exposures to the attenuated S. Typhi vector alone or the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN-1668 can partially attenuate C. parvum severity during PM, but neither as effectively as viable C. parvum priming. We conclude that although PM interferes with basal and vaccine-boosted immune responses to C. parvum, sustained reductions in disease severity are possible through mucosal activators of host defenses, and specifically C. parvum priming can elicit impressively robust Th1-type protective immunity despite ongoing protein malnutrition. These findings add insight into potential correlates of Cryptosporidium immunity and future vaccine strategies in malnourished children
Strong coupling, discrete symmetry and flavour
We show how two principles - strong coupling and discrete symmetry - can work
together to generate the flavour structure of the Standard Model. We propose
that in the UV the full theory has a discrete flavour symmetry, typically only
associated with tribimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector. Hierarchies in the
particle masses and mixing matrices then emerge from multiple strongly coupled
sectors that break this symmetry. This allows for a realistic flavour
structure, even in models built around an underlying grand unified theory. We
use two different techniques to understand the strongly coupled physics:
confinement in N=1 supersymmetry and the AdS/CFT correspondence. Both
approaches yield equivalent results and can be represented in a clear,
graphical way where the flavour symmetry is realised geometrically.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figures, updated references and figure
CD9 Tetraspanin Interacts with CD36 on the Surface of Macrophages: A Possible Regulatory Influence on Uptake of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein
CD36 is a type 2 scavenger receptor with multiple functions. CD36 binding to oxidized LDL triggers signaling cascades that are required for macrophage foam cell formation, but the mechanisms by which CD36 signals remain incompletely understood. Mass spectrometry analysis of anti-CD36 immuno-precipitates from macrophages identified the tetraspanin CD9 as a CD36 interacting protein. Western blot showed that CD9 was precipitated from mouse macrophages by anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody and CD36 was likewise precipitated by anti-CD9, confirming the mass spectrometry results. Macrophages from cd36 null mice were used to demonstrate specificity. Membrane associations of the two proteins on intact cells was analyzed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and by a novel cross linking assay that detects proteins in close proximity (<40 nm). Functional significance was determined by assessing lipid accumulation, foam cell formation and JNK activation in wt, cd9 null and cd36 null macrophages exposed to oxLDL. OxLDL uptake, lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, and JNK phosphorylation were partially impaired in cd9 null macrophages. The present study demonstrates that CD9 associates with CD36 on the macrophage surface and may participate in macrophage signaling in response to oxidized LDL
Weyl action of two-column mixed-symmetry field and its factorization around (A)dS space
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