Structural and functional model of organization of geometric and graphic training of the students

The topicality of the investigated problem is stipulated by the social need for training competitive engineers with a high level of graphical literacy; especially geometric and graphic training of students and its projected results in a competence-based approach; individual characteristics and interests of the students, as well as methodological approaches to the design of training and methodological support of the process of individualization of geometric and graphic training. The purpose of the article is to develop a structural and functional model of organization of geometric and graphic training of students of a technical University and its approbation. The leading method of research of this problem is a pedagogical modeling, which allows to consider this issue as a process of developing students readiness to operate spatial objects in the study of geometric and graphic disciplines. The article presents the structural and functional organization model of geometric and graphic training of students in technical university, consisting of interrelated components: a target, theoretical and methodological, technological, diagnostic and effective; we developed an algorithm for the implementation of this model. The article can be useful for the organization of the geometric and graphic training in universities, with appropriate adaptation in educational institutions of secondary vocational education in specialized classes in secondary schools. © 2016 Poluyanov et al

Competitiveness as the factor of settlements terms forming at the market of chocolate producers

The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by increasing levels of competition in the industry markets of chocolate producers in Russia and the need to maintain the profitability of the companies’ activities in the unstable macroeconomic conditions. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of competitive forces on settlements terms between the participants of supply chain, taking into account relative financial and industrial competitiveness of suppliers and buyers. The leading method of this problem is the research analysis of the market situation in the industry based on the model of five forces of competition by M. Porter (2004), as well as assessment of individual indicators of financial condition of chocolate products manufacturing companies using the analysis of some indicators. The article defines the conditions of optimization of financing sources for current payments based on relative financial and industrial competitiveness of suppliers and buyers. Article Submissions are of practical value to chocolate producers operating in Russian and international markets. © 2016 Arman, Syamsul Bachri Thalib, Darman Manda

ТЕПЛООТДАЧА НА БОКОВОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ РАБОЧЕГО ОБЪЕМА ЦИКЛОННЫХ КАМЕР С ДВУСТОРОННИМИ НЕСИММЕТРИЧНЫМИ ВВОДОМ И ВЫВОДОМ ГАЗОВ

The heat dissipation on the lateral surface of the cyclone chamber working volume with asymmetrical input and output of gases is considered in the present paper in contrast to the previously executed [1–10]. The relative values of input gas flow and the relative diameters of the outlet are different in each of the halves of the working volume. The heat dissipation by convection to the swirling airflow was studied by the method of variation of the aggregate state of the heating agent – water vapor slightly superheated (at 2–3 °С) condensation. Collecting the condensate produced from the work site through a water lock, providing maintaining of constant pressure in the calorimeter. The quantity of heat transmitted during the experiment was determined by the amount of collected condensate.In the experiments on the camera with two-sided asymmetric output relative gas outlet diameter on one side of the camera varied Relative diameter of the outlet on the other hand remained constant. In the experiences on the camera with the bilateral asymmetrical conditions for the introduction of gases the asymmetry of the introduction of flow was created due to a change in the relative entrance area whoo remained constant. Local heat transfer coefficient was determined for different values dimensionless longitudinal coordinate coinciding with the axis of the chamber, directed toward the outlet, measured from the middle section of the working volume. Еquations for calculation of heat transfer coefficients on the lateral surface of the howling cyclone chambers with unbalanced input and output gases, оbtained in this paper, give the satisfactory agreement of the calculated and experimental data that allows to recommend to their practical application.В настоящей работе, в отличие от исследований [1–10], рассмотрена теплоотдача на боковой поверхности рабочего объема при несимметричных вводе и выводе газов, когда значения относительных площадей входа и относительных диаметров выходного отверстия различны в каждой из половин рабочего объема. Теплоотдачу конвекцией к закрученному потоку воздуха изучали по методу изменения агрегатного состояния греющего агента – конденсации слегка перегретого (на 2–3 оС) водяного пара. Сбор конденсата с рабочего участка производили через гидрозатвор, обеспечивающий поддержание постоянного давления в калориметре. Переданное за время опыта количество теплоты определяли по массе собранного конденсата.В опытах на камере с двусторонним несимметричным выводом газов варьировали относительный диаметр выходного отверстия с одной из сторон камеры Относительный диаметр выходного отверстия с другой стороны сохранялся постоянным. В опытах на камере с двусторонними несимметричными условиями ввода газов несимметрию ввода потока создавали за счет изменения относительной площади входа которая оставалась постоянной. Местный коэффициент теплоотдачи определяли при различных значениях безразмерной продольной координаты, совпадающей с осью камеры, направленной в сторону выходного отверстия, отсчитываемой от среднего сечения рабочего объема. Полученные уравнения для расчета коэффициентов теплоотдачи на боковой поверхности циклонных камер с несимметричными вводом и выводом газов дают удовлетворительное совпадение расчетных и опытных данных, что позволяет рекомендовать их для практического применения

ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION IN KACHKANAR

The paper considers the problem of air pollution in Kachkanar. The sources of pollution are given, the main of which are the mining and processing plant and urban vehicles. The results of geoecological studies of the air are described. The characteristic of pollution is given. It is noted that air pollution contributes to the development of certain diseases. Установлено, что качество атмосферного воздуха в городе является неудовлетворительным.В работе рассматривается проблема загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в г. Качканар. Приведены источники загрязнения, главными из которых являются горно-обогатительный комбинат и городской автотранспорт. Описаны результаты геоэкологических исследований воздуха. Дана характеристика загрязнений. Отмечено, что загрязнение атмосферного воздуха способствует развитию некоторых заболеваний. Установлено, что качество атмосферного воздуха в городе является неудовлетворительным

Distance learning: opportunities and challenges in quarantine.

The urgent introduction of distance education into the learning process due to the COVID-19 pandemic has become a spontaneous experiment, requiring urgent decisions, effective mechanisms to implement into the educational process and analysis of ongoing educational process. The possibilities of modern digital technologies made it possible to quickly set up the information component of education and to controle student’s knowledge. A detailed analysis of the communication between the faculty members of the department among themselves and analysis of the features of teaching and self-education of students in the field of medical radiology and oncology based on answers and comments with using Google classroom, Socrative, Messenger Telegram, etc. was made. Issues of communicative interaction between faculty members and students, psychological aspects of distance communication, language of instruction, logistics of distance education and methodological problems are described in details. It has been suggested that distance education may be equally effective for theoretical subjects in full-time study form, but when studying clinical disciplines, the priority should be given to traditional methods of teaching, involving student's bedside training. Taking into account technical possibilities and high risk of development of extreme and emergency situations, it is suggested to introduce permanent readiness for distance education, to create all – Ukrainian distance imitation service of patients’ follow-up. The importance of using the state language in training as the basis for mastering the professional Ukrainian and English language as the basis for mastering international medical experience is indicated

Effects of enzymatically depolymerised fucoidan on effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells

The use of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) as active pharmaceutical ingredients or adjuvants poses the challenge of obtaining structurally characterised and homogeneous samples or their oligomeric fractions maintaining high biological activity. The authors obtained a highly purified enzymatic hydrolysate of fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescens and compared its biological activity with that of a native sample. The aim of the study was to compare, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of depolymerised fucoidan from the brown alga F. evanescens and native fucoidan on the effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells loaded with ovalbumin (OVA). Materials and methods: the effects of the fucoidan samples (depolymerised and native) on the expression of the main immunophenotypic markers by innate and adaptive immunity cells (neutrophils, monocytes, natural killers, and lymphocytes) were studied in vitro using flow cytometry. The levels of serum OVA-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, IgG2а) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12) were studied in vivo using BALB/c mice immunised with OVA. The statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed using the Statistica 10 software package. Results: in vitro, both fucoidan samples altered the expression of the main immunophenotypic markers by innate and adaptive immunity cells, indicating their activation. In vivo, mice treated with the fucoidan samples demonstrated an increase in the levels of OVA-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) and in the production of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10). Conclusions: the effects of enzymatically depolymerised fucoidan on functional activity of innate and adaptive immunity cells are comparable to those of native fucoidan. The findings indicate the possibility of using enzymatic hydrolysis products of fucoidan as adjuvants for a wide range of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines

Prediction of cardiovascular risk using Framingham, ASSIGN and QRISK2: how well do they predict individual rather than population risk?

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of risk scores (Framingham, Assign and QRISK2) in predicting high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals rather than populations. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This study included 1.8 million persons without CVD and prior statin prescribing using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. This contains electronic medical records of the general population registered with a UK general practice. Individual CVD risks were estimated using competing risk regression models. Individual differences in the 10-year CVD risks as predicted by risk scores and competing risk models were estimated; the population was divided into 20 subgroups based on predicted risk. CVD outcomes occurred in 69,870 persons. In the subgroup with lowest risks, risk predictions by QRISK2 were similar to individual risks predicted using our competing risk model (99.9% of people had differences of less than 2%); in the subgroup with highest risks, risk predictions varied greatly (only 13.3% of people had differences of less than 2%). Larger deviations between QRISK2 and our individual predicted risks occurred with calendar year, different ethnicities, diabetes mellitus and number of records for medical events in the electronic health records in the year before the index date. A QRISK2 estimate of low 10-year CVD risk (<15%) was confirmed by Framingham, ASSIGN and our individual predicted risks in 89.8% while an estimate of high 10-year CVD risk (≥ 20%) was confirmed in only 48.6% of people. The majority of cases occurred in people who had predicted 10-year CVD risk of less than 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Application of existing CVD risk scores may result in considerable misclassification of high risk status. Current practice to use a constant threshold level for intervention for all patients, together with the use of different scoring methods, may inadvertently create an arbitrary classification of high CVD risk

Hydrodynamic properties of cyclodextrin molecules in dilute solutions

Three well-known representatives of the cyclodextrin family were completely characterized by molecular hydrodynamics methods in three different solvents. For the first time the possibility of an estimation of velocity sedimentation coefficients s between 0.15 and 0.5 S by the numerical solution of the Lamm equation is shown. Comparison of the experimental hydrodynamic characteristics of the cyclodextrins with theoretical calculations for toroidal molecules allows an estimation of the thickness of the solvent layers on the surface of cyclodextrin molecules

Влияние ферментативно деполимеризованного фукоидана на эффекторные функции клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета

The use of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) as active pharmaceutical ingredients or adjuvants poses the challenge of obtaining structurally characterised and homogeneous samples or their oligomeric fractions maintaining high biological activity. The authors obtained a highly purified enzymatic hydrolysate of fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescens and compared its biological activity with that of a native sample. The aim of the study was to compare, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of depolymerised fucoidan from the brown alga F. evanescens and native fucoidan on the effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells loaded with ovalbumin (OVA). Materials and methods: the effects of the fucoidan samples (depolymerised and native) on the expression of the main immunophenotypic markers by innate and adaptive immunity cells (neutrophils, monocytes, natural killers, and lymphocytes) were studied in vitro using flow cytometry. The levels of serum OVA-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, IgG2а) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12) were studied in vivo using BALB/c mice immunised with OVA. The statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed using the Statistica 10 software package. Results: in vitro, both fucoidan samples altered the expression of the main immunophenotypic markers by innate and adaptive immunity cells, indicating their activation. In vivo, mice treated with the fucoidan samples demonstrated an increase in the levels of OVA-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) and in the production of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10). Conclusions: the effects of enzymatically depolymerised fucoidan on functional activity of innate and adaptive immunity cells are comparable to those of native fucoidan. The findings indicate the possibility of using enzymatic hydrolysis products of fucoidan as adjuvants for a wide range of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.Использование сульфатированных полисахаридов (фукоиданов) в качестве фармацевтических субстанций или адъювантов связано с решением задачи по получению структурно охарактеризованных и однородных образцов или их олигомерных фракций, сохраняющих высокую биологическую активность. Нами получен высокоочищенный продукт ферментативного гидролиза фукоидана из бурой водоросли Fucus evanescens и дана оценка биологической активности полученного продукта в сравнении с нативным фукоиданом. Цель работы: изучение влияния ферментативно деполимеризованного образца фукоидана из бурой водоросли F. evanescens на эффекторные функции клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета in vitro и in vivo в условиях антигенной нагрузки овальбумином (ОВА) в сравнении с нативным фукоиданом. Материалы и методы: для оценки влияния образцов фукоиданов (ферментативно деполимеризованного и нативного) in vitro на уровень экспрессии основных иммунофенотипических маркеров клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета (нейтрофилов, натуральных киллеров, моноцитов, лимфоцитов) применяли методы проточной цитометрии. В экспериментах in vivo в сыворотке крови мышей линии BALB/c, иммунизированных ОВА, исследовали уровень специфических антител IgG, IgG1, IgG2а и цитокинов (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12). Статистическую обработку полученных данных проводили с помощью пакета программы Statistica 10. Результаты: под влиянием обоих образцов фукоиданов in vitro выявлены изменения уровня экспрессии основных иммунофенотипических маркеров клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, свидетельствующие об их активации. В условиях in vivo под действием образцов фукоиданов наблюдалось увеличение уровня ОВА-специфических антител (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) и продукции цитокинов (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10). Выводы: показана активация образцом ферментативно деполимеризованного фукоидана врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, которая не уступает действию нативного образца фукоидана, что определяет возможность его применения в качестве адъюванта для широкого спектра профилактических и терапевтических вакцин