Концептуальные и организационно-технологические решения по формированию цифровых платформ управления перевозками по международным транспортным коридорам

Creation and development of ecosystems in the field of transport and logistics is inextricably linked with development of digital platforms that integrate information exchange processes and ensure interaction of participants in these business ecosystems. In this context, modern business ecosystems in the field of transport and logistics are becoming a new form of organising participants in the transportation process (participants in the supply chain), and digital platforms underlying them are becoming a digital tool for ensuring their coordination and effective management.Currently, development of digital platforms within the framework of building business ecosystems in transport and logistics, including international transport corridors, is taking place in the EU states, several Asian states, as well as in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The implementation of these projects requires the development of scientifically based approaches in terms of determining the principles for building these digital platforms, as well as of the development of organisational and technological solutions to ensure their creation and operation.The objective of the study presented in the framework of this article was to study organisational, technological and legal issues of multimodal transportation along international transport corridors (ITC), aimed at developing conceptual, organisational and technological solutions that ensure construction, operation and development of digital platforms for managing transportation along the ITC, corresponding to the real needs of the transport and logistics system, the current legal norms, the modern and future developments of digital technologies in transport industry.The authors of the article proposed a set of refined principles for formation of digital platforms to ensure development of international transport corridors, including within the ecosystem of digital transport corridors of the EAEU. The study has resulted in development of top-level architectural solutions, key parameters of information exchange between digital platforms of the ecosystem of digital transport corridors of the EAEU as part of the project currently being implemented to form a digital platform of international transport corridors.Создание и развитие экосистем на транспорте и в логистике неразрывно связано с формированием цифровых платформ, интегрирующих процессы информационного обмена и обеспечивающих взаимодействие участников данных бизнес-экосистем. В этом контексте современные бизнес-экосистемы в сфере транспорта и логистики становятся новой формой организации участников перевозочного процесса (участников цепей поставок), а лежащие в их основе цифровые платформы – цифровым инструментом обеспечения их координации и эффективного управления.В настоящее время формирование цифровых платформ в рамках построения бизнес-экосистем на транспорте и в логистике, в том числе международных транспортных коридоров, происходит в государствах Евросоюза, ряде государств Азии, а также в Евразийском экономическом союзе (ЕАЭС). Реализация данных проектов требует выработки научно обоснованных подходов в части определения принципов построения данных цифровых платформ, а также разработки организационных и технологических решений для обеспечения их создания и функционирования.Целью проведения представленного в рамках настоящей статьи исследования было изучение организационных, технологических и правовых вопросов мультимодальных перевозок по международным транспортным коридорам (МТК), направленное на выработку концептуальных и организационно-технологических решений, обеспечивающих построение, функционирование и развитие цифровых платформ управления перевозками по МТК, соответствующих реальным потребностям транспортно-логистического комплекса, действующим нормам права, современному и перспективному уровню развития цифровых технологий на транспорте.Авторами статьи предложен состав уточнённых принципов формирования цифровых платформ для обеспечения развития международных транспортных коридоров, в том числе в рамках экосистемы цифровых транспортных коридоров ЕАЭС. По результатам исследования разработаны верхнеуровневые архитектурные решения, ключевые параметры информационного обмена между цифровыми платформами экосистемы цифровых транспортных коридоров ЕАЭС в рамках реализуемого в настоящее время проекта формирования цифровой платформы международных транспортных коридоров

Grant Activities and Sustainability of Higher Education Institutions: Evidence from Russia

This paper presents the results of a quantitative analysis of the contribution of grant activities to ensuring the sustainable development of higher education institutions in the Russian Federation. The authors consider sustainability in five aspects of activity: educational, research, international, financial and social. Results of higher educational institutions performance monitoring (2014-2022) formed the empirical basis of the study. In this research, we used the quantile regression model to identify the effects of inertial development and the effects associated with grant activities in the dynamics of universities performance indicators. We estimated the model parameters separately in each of the decile groups. Thus, we tested the central hypothesis of the study about the quantile heterogeneity of the sensitivity of university target indicators to the intensity and effectiveness of grant funding. This paper provides evidence of significant contributions the inertial nature of the development of universities, representing advanced development groups, into the sustainability of target performance indicators. However, in terms of sensitivity to the effectiveness and intensity of grant activities, they are inferior to universities from catch-up development groups in almost all aspects of their activities. The identified patterns of sensitivity to grant funding indicate a high potential for convergence (“catch-up development effect”) in the higher education system of the Russian Federation. These patterns can improve the effectiveness of management decisions in higher education by focusing on growth points with high sensitivity to grant support

Comparative analysis of immunogenetic characteristics of potential hematopoietic stem cell donors from the registries of two Russian megapolises

Efficacy of search for the unrelated compatible transplant donors depends on a number of factors. Of most importance are the standards of primary HLA typing, and the immunogenetic diversity of the donor pool. Timely donor selection guarantees the optimal timing for stem cell transplantation. This factor exerts positive influence upon the transplantation outcomes. In 2019, The Bone Marrow Donors Registry at the Russian Research Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology has implemented HLA-typing for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 genes as a standard for primary immunogenetic examination, in order to reduce the donor search period. The aim of our study was to evaluate the HLA typing results for potential stem cell donors at our Registry as compared with immunogenetic profile of donors at the Registries arranged in two Russian megapolises. All currently known groups of HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 gene alleles, 19 of 21 open groups of HLA-A gene alleles, 34 of 36 known groups of HLA-B gene alleles were screened in the donors from our Registry. The most common HLA alleles groups were as follows: A*02 (0.2957), A*03 (0.1432), A*01 (0.1155), A*24 (0.1128); B*07 (0.1282), B*35 (0.1084), B*44 (0.0921), B*18 (0.0745); C*07 (0.2738), C*04 (0.1361), C*12 (0.1202), C*03 (0.1134), C*06 (0.1127); DRB1*15 (0.1445), DRB1*07 (0.1420), DRB1*13 (0.1271), DRB1*01 (0.1269), DRB1*11 (0.1216); DQB1*03 (0.3517), DQB1*06 (0.2269). A total of 1702 HLA-A*-B*-C*-DRB1*-DQB1*-haplotypes were revealed in our donor pool. The frequency of nine HLA-haplotypes exceeded 0.01: A*01-B*08-C*07-DRB1*03-DQB1*02 (0.0366), A*03-B*07-C*07-DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (0.0269), A*03-B*35-C*04-DRB1*01-DQB1*05 (0.0238), A*02-B*13-C*06-DRB1*07-DQB1*02 (0.0204), A*02-B*07-C*07-DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (0.0184), A*25-B*18-C*12-DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (0.0127), A*02-B*18-C*07-DRB1*11-DQB1*03 (0.0126), A*02-B*15-C*03-DRB1*04-DQB1*03 (0.0123), A*02-B*41-C*17-DRB1*13-DQB1*03 (0.0109). We carried out a comparative analysis of the HLA-haplotypes distribution for the donors of three Russian registers: Russian Research Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology (St. Petersburg); First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University (St. Petersburg); National Medical Research Center for Hematology (Moscow). The six most common HLA-haplotypes among the donors from three Russian registers had the same rank positions and frequencies. The differences of some less common HLA-haplotypes distribution were determined. The results of our study indicate the immunogenetic diversity of the donor pool the Registry of Russian Research Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology. This fact, along with usage of international standards for primary immunogenetic examination is a prerequisite for effective donor search for the patients requiring stem cell transplantation

Impact of transfusion of blood components on the recipient immune system

Transfusions of blood provide essential therapeutic measures in a number of pathological conditions. However, when carrying out blood component therapy, it is important to consider probability of post-transfusion complications. Most of them are immune-mediated side effects. The unfavorable consequences of blood transfusions can manifest at long-range time periods, and pathogenesis of these phenomena may be associated not only with the presence of alloantibodies. They may be caused by alloimmunization to HLA antigens, leukocyte factors, including cytokines, products of leukocyte degranulation, as well as storage-related erythrocyte damage («storage lesion»), immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles or microparticles derived from blood components, and other factors. Despite significant number of publications on this issue, a lot of unresolved issues still remain, concerning transfusion-related effects of blood components on the immune system of recipients. The review article provides the results of current studies in this area. We present and discuss the results of current studies and the features of transfusion-mediated immunomodulation (TRIM) revealed over recent years, when transfusing different blood components. The role of plasma factors, microparticles, platelets and erythrocytes, HLA sensitization and microchimerism in the development of TRIM is highlighted, the data on occurrence and clinical features of TRIM in perioperative period are presented. A separate section of the review provides information about recent clinical studies, devoted to the issues of TRIM in different clinical cohorts, including newborns, patients with malignant neoplasms, immunocompromised patients after heart and vascular surgery. The data on TRIM incidence in the patients with exhausted immune system due to previous disease or treatment, severe comorbidity, extensive surgical thoracic/abdominal intervention and artificial circulation are also in scope. As based on the studies performed, the role of distinct measures, e.g., washing of erythrocyte concentrates, leukodepletion, and gamma irradiation are discussed in view of potential TRIM prevention. The results of published research do not allow us to draw definite conclusions about the effects of blood component transfusion on the immune system of recipients with respect to differences between the studied groups of patients, characteristics of the studied disorders and clinical situations, diversity of hemocomponents, as well as varying standards of transfusion therapy adopted in different countries. However, the systematic literature review may provide some guidance in transfusion-mediated immune modulation

Changes in cornea structure after corneal collagen crosslinking in keratoconus

Introduction. The article considers an objective assessment of the state of morphofunctional status of cornea in keratoconus after a corneal collagen crosslinking procedure.Aim. To assess changes in cornea structure after corneal collagen crosslinking in keratoconus. Materials and methods. The study included 24 patients: 30 eyes with KC stage I–III aged 17 to 42 years. The patients were examined before and after the  corneal collagen crosslinking procedure. The postoperative follow-up period was 12  months. The patients underwent anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) imaging to assess the demarcation line depth. The cornea and cornea nerve fibers were assessed layer-by-layer using сonfocal laser scanning microscopy, followed by the  analysis of  resulting confocal images through the author’s analysis algorithm.Results and discussion. The epithelialization of the cornea completed on day 3–5 after the procedure. According to OCT findings, the depth of the demarcation line averaged to 260 µm in the center and 140 µm in the periphery. The pronounced edema of the outer stroma was observed during the first-week follow-up, and a decrease in the density and apoptosis of keratocytes was noted during the first month. Over a 3–12-month postoperative follow-up period, the transient lacunar edema regressed and the density of keratocytes was restored to the baseline level. During the first three months, a pronounced disruption of the direction and structure of the cornea nerve fibres is seen.Conclusion. The crosslinking procedure results in changes in the cornea structure, one of which is appearance of the demarcation line in the stroma, which indicates the depth of penetration of the photochemical corneal collagen crosslinking process. The laser corneal confocal microscopy allows to objectively assess the depth of this effect, while the values obtained in the same follow-up periods are comparable with the findings of OCT imaging

Effect of genetic specifics of patients on myocardial contractility after acute myocardial infarction: a literature review

In this literature review, we analyzed studies on the influence of genetic specifics of patients on the restoration of myocardial contractility after acute myocardial infarction. Data on the influence of genetic characteristics on the myocardial repair, remodeling process, and the restoration of cardiac contractility are presented. The use of genetic methods in the examination of patients and further consideration of individual characteristics when prescribing therapy will make it possible to implement a personalized approach to each patient. This will improve the effectiveness of treatment and the disease prognosis

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN CYTOKINE GENES AND CLINICAL LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Multiple myeloma is the most common form of paraproteinemic hemoblastosis, which is characterized by variability of clinical manifestations, forms, and variants. Limited efficiency of antitumor immune protection in the patient plays an important role in progression of this disease. Survival of myeloma cells is promoted by some growth factors, including a number of interleukins. Cytokines and chemokines are secreted in response to intercellular interactions and stimulate tumor growth, inhibition of osteoblasts and increase of the osteoclastic activity. Cytokine genes show a significant allelic polymorphism. A single gene may exhibit numerous polymorphic sites located in exons, introns and promoter regulatory areas. Single nucleotide substitutions in the promoter region of cytokine genes are known to have a huge impact upon secretion and biological activity of these factors. Therefore, a study of allelic gene variants determining the levels of cytokine production will allow of establishing new immunogenetic factors associated with a high risk of disease development, including multiple myeloma. We have studied single nucleotide polymorphism in cytokine genes (IL-1α -889 TT, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6 -174 GG, and IL-6 nt565 GG), and clinical laboratory parameters (serum levels of albumin, β2-microglobulin, and hemoglobin) determining severity grade of multiple myeloma in 80 patients living in the North-Western region of Russia. It was found that the presence of certain cytokine gene variants, i.e., IL-1α -889 TT, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6 -174 GG, IL-6 nt565 GG or IL-1α -889 TT, IL- 1β +3962 TT or IL-6 -174 GG, IL-6 nt565 GG was associated with low albumin levels (< 3.5 g/DL), and high levels of β2-microglobulin (> 5.5 mg/l). A combination of all the four negative variants in homozygous state (IL- 1α TT -889, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6 -174 GG and IL-6 nt565 GG) increases the chance of six-fold reduction of albumin levels (p < 0.05); combinations of homozygous IL-1α TT -889, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6-174 GG. and IL-6 nt565 GG are associated with increased chance of high-level β2-microglobulin (> 5.5 mg/l) by more than two times. This data allow to consider IL-1α -889 TT, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6 -174 GG, and IL-6 nt565 GG genotypes additional negative immunogenetic factors in the prognosis of multiple myeloma

INFLUENCE OF HLA-DRB1* ALLELIC SETS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN

According to the WHO data, tuberculosis still represents a serious public health problem worldwide. Deterioration of socio-economic conditions in the population complicates epidemic situation for tuberculosis inRussia, thus leading to increase in acute progressive and complicated forms of tuberculosis in children and, consequently, to worsening structure of its clinical forms. Objectives: to determine associations between certain HLA-DRB1 alleles and risk of tuberculosis development in children. We examined 188 children aged from 3 to 14 years with various manifestations of tuberculous infection. Along with thorough examination of the patients, including multi-spiral CT scans of chest, we undertook genotyping of HLA-DRB1 alleles. Activity of tuberculous infection was determined by a set of immunological tests, i.e., tuberculin skin test, DIASKINTEST® (recombinant allergen of tuberculosis DIASKINTEST®). X ray diagnostics was performed with multi-spiral «Aquilion-32» computed tomograph (Toshiba), according to standard procedures. Molecular genetic typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP), using standard commercial kits PROTRANS Ceclerplate System Protrans HLA-DRB1*. The children were divided into two groups: I group, 90 healthy children, II group, 98 children with tuberculosis. A comparisons group consisted of healthy donors (n = 346). Statistical processing of genetic material included evauation and analysis of the following parameters: frequency distribution of the antigen (F), χ2 criterion for significance (chi-square), the relative risk ratio (RR), etiologic fraction (EF), preventive fraction (PF). Children of the II group had significantly higher *04 allele HLADRB1*, as compared with control group (36.7% vs. 21.1%, χ2 = 10.08; р < 0.01). This finding may suppose a predisposal of these allele carriers to development of tuberculosis. At the same time, the rates of *07 (14.3% vs. 27.5%, χ2 = 7.15, р < 0.01) and *15 (18.4% vs. 28.3%, χ2 = 3.92; р < 0.01) HLA-DRB1* alleles were significantly lower, thus suggesting a protective effect of this allele. *04 allele seems to be a predisposing factor, whereas *07 and *15 alleles are protective for development of tuberculosis in children

ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНЫЕ ВЕНОЗНЫЕ ТРОМБОЗЫ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ЛУЧЕВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ

The work demonstrates the possibilities of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting cerebral venous thrombosis.В работе обсуждаются возможности мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ) и магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) в выявлении церебральных венозных тромбозов

Follow-up stadies patients undergoing legionnaires’ disease during epidemic outbreak of legionellosis in the Sverdlovsk region

For the first time described the sustainability of clinical symptoms, laboratory, ECG and radiographic changes, assess the quality of life due to health within the follow-up study of non-small but well defined group of 46 patients who suffered legionnaires' disease (LD) during epidemic outbreaks of legionellosis in the Sverdlovsk Oblast. The most prevalent and persistent clinical symptoms at 12 months had a cough and increased blood pressure. According to the results of studies conducted in patients undergoing LD, 1 year after hospital discharge, it should be noted: the preservation of normative values of red blood cells and hemoglobin level, normalizing the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, absence of "fresh’ electrocardiography and radiographic changes, the transitory nature of the relative reliability of thrombocytosis and the syndrome of hepatocyte cytolysis. Quality of life was significantly disrupted in three of the eight indicators, as assessed by SF-36 form, and is due to reduced levels of physical activity in male patients, the increase in subjec-tive pain, decline in social relationships and social activity, with a one-time increase the viability and reduced anxiety and restlessness. The results of our study suggest that the medical work-ship should be aware of possible manifestations of persistent symptoms, at breach of the quality of life due to health, especially in the situation of the epidemic, as patients will turn to them for help. Awareness of these issues will help provide more quality in the power of such patients. Thus, the legionnaires' disease can have a negative impact on with-standing health most patients for at least 12 months after discharge from the hospital.Впервые описана устойчивость клинических симптомов, лабораторных, электрокардиографических и рентгенологических изменений, дана оценка качества жизни, обусловленного состоянием здоровья в рамках катамнестического исследования небольшой, но четко определенной группы из 46 пациентов, которые перенесли легионеллезную пневмонию (ЯП) во время эпидемической вспышки легионеллеза в Свердловской области. Наиболее распространенными и устойчивыми клиническими симптомами через 12 месяцев были кашель и повышение уровня артериального давления. По результатам исследований, проведенных у пациентов, перенесших ЯП, через 1 год после выписки из стационара, следует отметить: сохранение нормативных значений числа эритроцитов и уровня гемоглобина; нормализацию количества лейкоцитов, нейтрофилов, лимфоцитов и СОЭ; отсутствие «свежих» электрокардиографических и рентгенологических изменений; достоверность преходящего характера относительного тромбоцитоза и синдрома цитолиза гепатоцитов. Качество жизни было в значительной степени нарушено по трем показателям из восьми, оцениваемым по форме SF-36, и обусловлено снижением уровня физической активности у пациентов мужчин; увеличением объема субъективных болевых ощущений, уменьшением объема социальных связей и социальной активности, с одновременным увеличением жизнеспособности и снижением тревожности и беспокойства. Результаты нашего исследования свидетельствуют о том, что медицинские работники должны быть осведомлены о возможности проявления устойчивых симптомов, нарушения качества жизни, обусловленного состоянием здоровья, особенно в ситуации эпидемии, поскольку пациенты будут обращаться к ним за помощью с подобными жалобами. Осведомленность в этих вопросах поможет оказать более качественную помощь таким пациентам. Таким образом, болезнь легионеров может оказывать негативное влияние на состояние здоровья большой части пациентов на протяжении, по меньшей мере, 12 месяцев после выписки из стационара