1,298 research outputs found
Senperforto frame of reference: for Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) in the European reception and asylum sector
Mott Transition of MnO under Pressure: Comparison of Correlated Band Theories
The electronic structure, magnetic moment, and volume collapse of MnO under
pressure are obtained from four different correlated band theory methods; local
density approximation + Hubbard U (LDA+U), pseudopotential self-interaction
correction (pseudo-SIC), the hybrid functional (combined local exchange plus
Hartree-Fock exchange), and the local spin density SIC (SIC-LSD) method. Each
method treats correlation among the five Mn 3d orbitals (per spin), including
their hybridization with three O orbitals in the valence bands and their
changes with pressure. The focus is on comparison of the methods for rocksalt
MnO (neglecting the observed transition to the NiAs structure in the 90-100 GPa
range). Each method predicts a first-order volume collapse, but with variation
in the predicted volume and critical pressure. Accompanying the volume collapse
is a moment collapse, which for all methods is from high-spin to low-spin (5/2
to 1/2), not to nonmagnetic as the simplest scenario would have. The specific
manner in which the transition occurs varies considerably among the methods:
pseudo-SIC and SIC-LSD give insulator-to-metal, while LDA+U gives
insulator-to-insulator and the hybrid method gives an insulator-to-semimetal
transition. Projected densities of states above and below the transition are
presented for each of the methods and used to analyze the character of each
transition. In some cases the rhombohedral symmetry of the
antiferromagnetically ordered phase clearly influences the character of the
transition.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures. A 7 institute collaboration, Updated versio
Cluster coherent potential approximation for electronic structure of disordered alloys
We extend the single-site coherent potential approximation (CPA) to include
the effects of non-local disorder correlations (alloy short-range order) on the
electronic structure of random alloy systems. This is achieved by mapping the
original Anderson disorder problem to that of a selfconsistently embedded
cluster. This cluster problem is then solved using the equations of motion
technique. The CPA is recovered for cluster size , and the disorder
averaged density-of-states (DOS) is always positive definite. Various new
features, compared to those observed in CPA, and related to repeated scattering
on pairs of sites, reflecting the effect of SRO are clearly visible in the DOS.
It is explicitly shown that the cluster-CPA method always yields
positive-definite DOS. Anderson localization effects have been investigated
within this approach. In general, we find that Anderson localization sets in
before band splitting occurs, and that increasing partial order drives a
continuous transition from an Anderson insulator to an incoherent metal.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. submitted to PR
Hydrodynamic modelling of the tide propagation in a tropical delta: overcoming the challenges of data scarcity
Hydrodynamic
Density measurements using coherence imaging spectroscopy based on Stark broadening
A coherence imaging camera has been set up at Pilot-PSI. The system is to be used for imaging the plasma density through the Stark effect broadening of the H(γ) line. Local density values are then obtained by the Abel inversion of the measured interferometric fringe contrast. This report will present the instrument setup and proof-of-principle demonstration. The inverted spatial electron density profiles obtained near the cascaded arc source of Pilot-PSI in discharges with axial magnetic field of B=0.4 T are compared with an independent measurement of electron density by Thomson scattering and good agreement is found.This work, supported by the European Communities under
the contract of the Association EURATOM/FOM, was
carried out within the framework of the European Fusion
Programme with financial support from NWO
Erosion yields of carbon under various plasma conditions in Pilot-PSI
Fine-grain graphite targets have been exposed to ITER divertor relevant
plasmas in Pilot-PSI to address material migration issues in fusion devices.
Optical emission spectroscopy and mass loss measurements have been employed to
quantify gross chemical erosion and net erosion yields, respectively. Effects
of the ion impact energy and target geometry on carbon erosion yields have been
studied. It is concluded that temporal evolution of gross chemical erosion is
strongly connected with changes in morphology of plasma exposed surfaces. The
net carbon erosion yield is increased when the targets are partly covered by
insulating boron-nitride rings.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the 19th International
Conference on Plasma Surface Interaction
Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a World Health Organization multicountry study
Objective: To investigate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among adolescents in 29 countries. Design: Secondary analysis using facility-based cross-sectional data of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health.
Setting: Twenty-nine countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Middle East.
Population: Women admitted for delivery in 359 health facilities during 2–4 months between 2010 and 2011.
Methods: Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between young maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Main outcome measures: Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among adolescent mothers.
Results: A total of 124 446 mothers aged ≤24 years and their infants were analysed. Compared with mothers aged 20–24 years, adolescent mothers aged 10–19 years had higher risks of eclampsia, puerperal endometritis, systemic infections, low birthweight, preterm delivery and severe neonatal conditions. The increased risk of intra-hospital early neonatal death among infants born to adolescent mothers was reduced and statistically insignificant after adjustment for gestational age and birthweight, in addition to maternal characteristics, mode of delivery and congenital malformation. The coverage of prophylactic uterotonics, prophylactic antibiotics for caesarean section and antenatal corticosteroids for preterm delivery at 26–34 weeks was significantly lower among adolescent mothers.
Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy was associated with higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy prevention strategies and the improvement of healthcare interventions are crucial to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among adolescent women in low- and middle-income countries
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in women attending antenatal care in Tete province, Mozambique
Objective. To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis
(CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and syphilis in pregnant
women.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women
attending antenatal care clinics (ANCs). Blood samples were
tested for syphilis using the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and
treponemal haemagglutination (TPHA) tests; CT and NG
were diagnosed using a manual polymerase chain reaction
assay on first-void urine samples. A socio-demographic
questionnaire was completed. Results were compared with
previous published data on sexually transmitted infection (STI)
prevalence in Mozambique.
Results. Blood and urine samples were collected from 1 119
and 835 women, respectively. The prevalence of CT was 4.1%,
and that of NG 2.5%. The RPR test was positive in 5.2% of the
women, and 7.1% had a positive TPHA test. Active syphilis
was found in 4.7%. In univariate analysis, CT was associated
with having had any level of education (
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