An anatomical study of the origins of the lateral circumflex femoral artery in the Turkish population

The aim of this study was to investigate the origins of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) in the Turkish population. For this purpose, we investigated 110 inguinal regions of 56 cadavers between 1997 and 2007. The LCFA was found to be branched from the deep femoral artery (DFA) in 85 (77.3%) cases and from the femoral artery (FA) in 21 (19.1%) cases. In two (1.8%) cases the ascending and the descending branches of the LCFA branched separately from the DFA and FA. There was a common trunk of the DFA and the LCFA in one (0.9%) case, and a common trunk of the DFA, LCFA and the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) (trifurcation) in another (0.9%). We also measured the distance between the mid-inguinal point (MIP) and the origin of the LCFA. For LCFAs branching from the DFA the mean distance between these points was 4.8 ± 1.2 cm, while for LCFAs branching from the FA the mean distance was 3.4 ± 0.9 cm. We discuss the clinical importance of the artery and compare the results with the literature

An anatomical study of the origins of the medial circumflex femoral artery in the Turkish population

The medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) usually branches from the deep femoral artery (DFA). It may also branch from the femoral artery (FA). In this study 100 inguinal regions of 50 cadavers were investigated. In 79 extremities (79%) MCFA branched from DFA, while in 15 (15%) it branched from FA. In four extremities (4%) MCFA was found to be double; in each case one of MCFAs branched from FA and the other from DFA. In one of these four cases the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) was also double. In one case we found a common trunk of DFA and MCFA and in another case a common trunk of MCFA, DFA and LCFA. Clinicians must be familiar with the variations of this clinically important artery to improve their success in the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies in the region

1.000.000 Fußballfans in einer Stadt mit 120.000 Einwohnern - ein notfallmedizinischer Albtraum?: Die Euro 2008 und das "Oranje-Wunder von Bern"

Zusammenfassung: Die Fußballeuropameisterschaft 2008 war die größte je in der Schweiz organisierte Sportveranstaltung. Eine Million Fußballfans besuchten in diesem Zeitraum Bern, und der lokale Flughafen Bern/Belp verzeichnete 261 zusätzliche Flüge. Pro Fußballspiel waren 33.000 Zuschauer im Stadion und 100.000 schauten in den Public-viewing-Zonen zu. Der Rettungsdienst und das Notfallzentrum des Inselspitals am Universitätsklinikum Bern waren für die medizinische Grundversorgung und die Notfallversorgung zuständig. Verletzungen und Krankheiten wurden mit einem standardisierten Score (NACA-Score, NACA National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics) analysiert. Details zu den Vorbereitungen, Kosten und Patientenzahlen werden im vorliegenden Artikel dargestellt. Insgesamt waren 30 zusätzlich Ambulanzfahrzeuge im Einsatz, 4723 zusätzliche Arbeitstage (1/3 davon durch medizinische Fachkräfte) wurden geleistet, 662 Ambulanzrufe gingen ein, 240 Personen benötigten eine medizinische Versorgung (62% Schweizer, 28% Niederländer, 10% anderer Nationalität). Von diesen wurden 51 Personen in einem der 4 städtischen Krankenhäuser behandelt. Es kamen keine Verletzungen der Grade NACAVI und VII vor (NACAI 4, NACAII 17, NACAIII 16, NACAIV 10, NACAV 4Patienten). Die Stadt Bern erstattete dem Inselspital 112.603EUR für die medizinische Versorgung. Die größten Anteile daran hatten die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen (50.300EUR) und die Kosten für medizinisches Personal (22.600EUR für Ärzte, 29.000EUR für Pflegefachkräfte). Aufgrund des schlechten Wetters und des vorbildlichen Verhaltens der Fans nahmen die Ereignisse einen eher friedlichen Verlau

Human MLH1 deficiency predisposes to hematological malignancy and neurofibromatosis type 1

Heterozygous germ-line mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes lead to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. The disease susceptibility of individuals who constitutionally lack both wild-type alleles is unknown. We have identified three offspring in a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer family who developed hematological malignancy at a very early age, and at least two of them displayed signs of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). DNA sequence analysis and allele-specific amplification in two siblings revealed a homozygous MLH1 mutation (C676T → Arg226Stop). Thus, a homozygous germ- line MLH1 mutation and consequent mismatch repair deficiency results in a mutator phenotype characterized by leukemia and/or lymphoma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1

High origin of a testicular artery: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Although variations in the origin of the testicular artery are not uncommon, few reports about a high origin from the abdominal aorta exist in the literature. We discuss the case of a high origin of the testicular artery, its embryology, classification systems, and its clinical significance.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a very rare case of high origin of the left testicular artery in a 68-year-old Caucasian male cadaver. The artery originated from the anterolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta, 2 cm cranially to the ipsilateral renal artery. Approximately 1 cm after its origin, it branched off into the inferior suprarenal artery. During its course, the artery crossed anterior to the left renal artery.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A knowledge of the variant origin of the testicular artery is important during renal and testicular surgery. The origin and course must be carefully identified in order to preserve normal blood circulation and prevent testicular atrophy. A reduction in gonadal blood flow may lead to varicocele under circumstances. A knowledge of this variant anatomy may be of interest to radiologists and helpful in avoiding diagnostic errors.</p

Enzyme catalyzed reverse enantiomeric separation of methyl (+/-)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate

We describe the differences of hydrolase-type enzymes pig liver esterase (PLE), horse liver esterase (HLE), and porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) on the hydrolysis of methyl (+/-)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate to afford both enantiomers with 89% to > 99% ee. The resultant enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid was transformed into (1S,5S)-(-)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol via iodolactonization, subsequent elimination of iodine with 1,8-diazibicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and reduction with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH)

New chiral synthon from the PLE catalyzed enantiomeric separation of 6-acetoxy-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

(+/-)-6-Acetoxy-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one was resolved by PLE catalyzed hydrolysis to afford (+)-6-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one in >95% e.e. (+)-6-Hydroxy-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one was transformed to its (S)-O-acetyllactyl ester derivative to determine the e.e. %. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Lt

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of alpha(1)- and alpha-acetoxylated cyclic ketones

alpha,beta-Unsaturated and saturated cyclic ketones were selectively oxidized at the alpha'- and alpha-positions using Mn(OAc)(3) and Pb(OAc)(4), respectively, resulting in high chemical yields. The resultant racemic alpha'- and alpha-acetoxylated substrates were resolved into corresponding enantiomerically enriched alpha'- and alpha-hydroxylated and acetoxylated compounds with 96-98% ee via PLE hydrolysis. The absolute configurations of alpha'-acetoxy-alpha,beta-unsaturated cyclic ketones were determined by transforming them into the corresponding saturated alpha-acetoxy cyclic ketones of known absolute configuration

Branching pattern of the left coronary artery and an important branch - The median artery

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the variations in the branching pattern and diameters of the terminal branches of the left coronary artery and discuss various names given to the third branch