Паразиты дальневосточного леопарда (Panthera pardus orientalis) на юго-западе Приморского края России

The results of long-term studies of invasions of the Panthera pardus orientalis, Schlegel 1857. The study of parasitic invasions of the Far Eastern leopard was carried out by two methods. The first method included the study of excrement of the Far Eastern leopard collected in different seasons of the year from January 2009 to December 2014 by the Kotelnikov-Khrenov method. The second method is a complete parasitologic autopsy on Scriabin, the dead animals on the basis of PGHS. The autopsy was conducted by the chief veterinarian of the Primorsky Krai, and the autopsy report was compiled. To analyze the data obtained, the indicator was used - the index of occurrence, expressed as a percentage. As a result, the species composition of helminths parasitizing the Far Eastern leopard is supplemented by species of nematodes - Ancylostoma sp., Gnathostoma spinigerum Capillaria sp., Dirofilaria sp; cestodes - Taenia sp., Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra erinaceieuropei, Mesocestoides lineatus; trematodes - Nanophyetus salmicola schikhobalowi, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawa. Dominiruet monoinvasion (66,6%). Di-invasion and triinvasia are much less common - 17,7% and 4,4%. Of the protozoans, oocysts were found isospora rivolta. On the body of the dead animals were found ixodid mites - Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis japonica douglasi, Haemaphysalis punctate. It indicates the presence in the excrement of fleas of genus Ctenocephala и клещей рода and mites of the genus Otodectes.Цель исследования - выявить экто- и эндопаразитов дальневосточного леопарда (Panthera pardus orientalis, Schlegel 1857). Материалы и методы. Изучение паразитарных инвазий дальневосточного леопарда проводили двумя методами. Первый метод включал исследование фекалий дальневосточного леопарда, собранных в разные сезоны года с января 2009 г. по декабрь 2014 г. методом Котельникова-Хренова. Второй метод включал полное гельминтологическое вскрытие по Скрябину погибших животных на базе Приморской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. Вскрытие проводили главным ветеринарным врачом Приморского края; составлен протокол вскрытия. Собранных паразитов фиксировали и обрабатывали стандартными методиками. Определение вида клещей проводили по определителю Н. A. Филипповой (1997). Для анализа полученных данных использовали показатель - индекс встречаемости, выраженный в процентах. Результаты и обсуждение. Видовой состав гельминтов, паразитирующих у дальневосточного леопарда, дополнен видами нематод - Ancylostoma sp., Gnathostoma spinigerum, Capillaria sp., Dirofilaria sp; цестод - Taenia sp., Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra erinaceieuropei, Mesocestoides lineatus; трематод - Nanophyetus salmicola schikhobalowi, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawa. Доминирует моноинвазия (66,6 %). Дииинвазия и триинвазия наблюдаются гораздо реже - 17,7 и 4,4 % соответственно. Из простейших были обнаружены ооцисты Isospora rivolta. На теле погибших животных были найдены иксодовые клещи Haemaphysalis flava, H. longicornis, H. japonica douglasi, H. punctate. Указывается на нахождение в фекалиях блох рода Ctenocephala и клещей рода Оtodectes

Динамика частоты встречамости уропатогенов и антимикробных детерминант резистентности при детской значимой бактериурии в 2017 и 2019 годах: моноцентровое исследование

Urinary tract infections are the second most common infections in children with spreading of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens currently poses a high epidemiological threat.Purpose. Analysis of species prevalence and the presence of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance.Materials and methods. In the study 215 midstream urine samples were retrospectively analyzed. Samples were obtained during 2017 and 2019 from patients aged 4 weeks to 17 years at the National Medical Research Center for Children's Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.Results. Species of pathogen were identified in 93 samples, while the bacterial composition of other samples was classified as «intestinal flora» (n = 17), «coccus flora» (n = 16) or «mixed flora» (n = 89). The most common types of uropathogens in monopathogenic infections in 2017 and 2019 were Escherichia coli (37.5% and 29.2%, respectively). Among infections caused by multiple pathogens, the most common etiological agents were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. Among all studied samples, 31.9% contained CTX-M-like genes, 5% VIM genes, 1.8% NDM genes, and 3.0% — OXA-48-like genes, and 5.6% of samples contained two and more genetic determinants associated with resistance, with the most prevalent gene combination being the combination of CTX-M- and OXA-48-like genes. In 69 samples with identified species of uropathogens, resistance profile to antimicrobial, determined by microbiological methods, correlated with detected resistance genetic determinants.Conclusion. Authors suggest that introduction of testing for the presence of genes associated with antibacterial resistance to general clinical practice would not only provide an opportunity to conduct epidemiological monitoring of the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance, but also provide an opportunity to select the correct timely treatment of childhood bacteriuria caused by antibiotic-resistant infectious agents.Инфекции мочевыводящих путей (ИМП) являются вторыми по частоте встречаемости инфекциями у детей, в то время как распространение среди уропатогенов антимикробной резистентности представляет в настоящее время высокую эпидемиологическую угрозу.Цель. Провести анализ видового состава и наличия генетических детерминант антибиотикорезистентности.Материалы и методы. В ходе исследования был проведен ретроспективный анализ 215 образец средней порций мочи. Образцы были получены в течение 2017 и 2019 годов от пациентов в возрасте от 4 недель до 17 лет в ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский Центр Здоровья Детей» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.Результаты. Видовая принадлежность патогенов была установлена в 93 образцах, в то время как бактериальный состав других образцов был классифицирован как «кишечная флора» (n = 17), «кокковая флора» (n = 16) или «смешанная флора» (n = 89). Наиболее распространенными видам уропатогенов при монопатогенных инфекциях в 2017 и 2019 являлась Escherichia coli (37,5% и 29,2%, соответственно). Среди инфекций, вызванных множественными патогенами, наиболее часто встречающимися этиологическими агентами являлись Pseudomonas aeruginosa и Staphylococcus spp. Среди всех исследованных образцов 31,9% содержали CTX-M-подобные гены, 5% гены VIM, 1,8% гены NDM, а также 3,0 % — OXA-48-подобные гены, а также 5,6% образцов содержали две и более генетические детерминанты, ассоциированные с резистентностью, при этом наиболее превалирующей комбинацией генов было сочетание CTX-M- и OXA-48-подобных генов. В 69 образцах с идентифицированными видами уропатогенов профиль устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам, определенный микробиологическими методами, соответствовал обнаруженным генам устойчивости.Выводы. Авторы полагают, что введение в общую клиническую практику тестирования на наличие генов, ассоциированных с антибактериальной резистентностью, предоставит не только возможность проведения эпидемиологического мониторинга за генетическими детерминантнами антибиотикоустойчивости, но также предоставит возможность подбирать корректное своевременное лечение детских бактериурий, вызванных антибиотикорезистентными инфекционными агентами

Exploring the utility of cross-laboratory RAD-sequencing datasets for phylogenetic analysis

BACKGROUND: Restriction site-Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) is widely applied to generate genome-wide sequence and genetic marker datasets. RAD-Seq has been extensively utilised, both at the population level and across species, for example in the construction of phylogenetic trees. However, the consistency of RAD-Seq data generated in different laboratories, and the potential use of cross-species orthologous RAD loci in the estimation of genetic relationships, have not been widely investigated. This study describes the use of SbfI RAD-Seq data for the estimation of evolutionary relationships amongst ten teleost fish species, using previously established phylogeny as a benchmark. RESULTS: The number of orthologous SbfI RAD loci identified decreased with increasing evolutionary distance between the species, with several thousand loci conserved across five salmonid species (divergence ~50 MY), and several hundred conserved across the more distantly related teleost species (divergence ~100–360 MY). The majority (>70%) of loci identified between the more distantly related species were genic in origin, suggesting that the bias of SbfI towards genic regions is useful for identifying distant orthologs. Interspecific single nucleotide variants at each orthologous RAD locus were identified. Evolutionary relationships estimated using concatenated sequences of interspecific variants were congruent with previously published phylogenies, even for distantly (divergence up to ~360 MY) related species. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study has demonstrated that orthologous SbfI RAD loci can be identified across closely and distantly related species. This has positive implications for the repeatability of SbfI RAD-Seq and its potential to address research questions beyond the scope of the original studies. Furthermore, the concordance in tree topologies and relationships estimated in this study with published teleost phylogenies suggests that similar meta-datasets could be utilised in the prediction of evolutionary relationships across populations and species with readily available RAD-Seq datasets, but for which relationships remain uncharacterised. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1261-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Invasion diseases of the far eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the south-west of the Primorsk territory of Russia

The results of long-term studies of invasions of the Panthera pardus orientalis, Schlegel 1857. The study of parasitic invasions of the Far Eastern leopard was carried out by two methods. The first method included the study of excrement of the Far Eastern leopard collected in different seasons of the year from January 2009 to December 2014 by the Kotelnikov-Khrenov method. The second method is a complete parasitologic autopsy on Scriabin, the dead animals on the basis of PGHS. The autopsy was conducted by the chief veterinarian of the Primorsky Krai, and the autopsy report was compiled. To analyze the data obtained, the indicator was used - the index of occurrence, expressed as a percentage. As a result, the species composition of helminths parasitizing the Far Eastern leopard is supplemented by species of nematodes - Ancylostoma sp., Gnathostoma spinigerum Capillaria sp., Dirofilaria sp; cestodes - Taenia sp., Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra erinaceieuropei, Mesocestoides lineatus; trematodes - Nanophyetus salmicola schikhobalowi, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawa. Dominiruet monoinvasion (66,6%). Di-invasion and triinvasia are much less common - 17,7% and 4,4%. Of the protozoans, oocysts were found isospora rivolta. On the body of the dead animals were found ixodid mites - Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis japonica douglasi, Haemaphysalis punctate. It indicates the presence in the excrement of fleas of genus Ctenocephala и клещей рода and mites of the genus Otodectes

Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Relationships of Northern Far Eastern Phoxinin Minnows, Phoxinus and Rhynchocypris (Pisces, Cyprinidae), as Inferred from Allozyme and Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Sequence Analyses

Analyses of allozyme (18 loci) and partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (1295 bp, 16S rRNA) support the classification of phoxinin minnows from the northern Far East into 2 genera of 8 species: Phoxinus phoxinus, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, R. perenurus, R. czekanowskii, R. kumgangensis, R. semotilus, R. lagowskii and R. sp. (bergi ?). Although R. lagowskii from Japan and the Amur basin and R. sp. from Vladivostok region to Korea have been classified into a single species by many authors as R. lagowskii, they form separate clusters in both analyses, suggesting different specific status. Some R. oxycephalus and R. perenurus had the mtDNA haplotypes of R. lagowskii and R. czekanowskii, respectively, which probably indicates that local introgression of mtDNA occurred through inter-specific hybridization. Rhynchocypris forms a monophyletic cluster with dace genera Tribolodon and Pseudaspius, not with Phoxinus. Eurasian and American Phoxinus are suggested to be paraphyletic

Figure 7 in Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida

Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the anterior body region. A, B, small specimens of Acanthobdella peledina (5 mm; Sweden; A) and Paracanthobdella livanowi (3.5 mm; B). C, D, large specimens of A. peledina (12 mm; Norway; C) and P. livanowi (11 mm; Kamchatka; D). In the large P. livanowi specimen, body segmentation and chaetae in the anterior sucker are barely visible. Arrow, mouth opening; Arabic numerals 1–5 indicate rows of chaetae; d, deepening between pairs of chaetae.Published as part of Carle, Danielle Božena De, Gajda, Łukasz, Bielecki, Aleksander, Cios, Stanisław, Cichocka, Joanna M., Golden, Heidi E., Gryska, Andrew D., Sokolov, Sergey, Shedko, Marina Borisowna, Knudsen, Rune, Utevsky, Serge, Świątek, Piotr & Tessler, Michael, 2022, Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida, pp. 149-168 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on page 162, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac006, http://zenodo.org/record/703771

Figure 6 in Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida

Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of general morphology in small specimens. A, Acanthobdella peledina (4 mm; Alaska). B, Paracanthobdella livanowi (3.5 mm; Kamchatka). Single black arrows, anterior body region; double black arrows, posterior sucker. In the A. peledina specimen, some fragments of host tissue (white arrow) are still attached to the sucker.Published as part of Carle, Danielle Božena De, Gajda, Łukasz, Bielecki, Aleksander, Cios, Stanisław, Cichocka, Joanna M., Golden, Heidi E., Gryska, Andrew D., Sokolov, Sergey, Shedko, Marina Borisowna, Knudsen, Rune, Utevsky, Serge, Świątek, Piotr & Tessler, Michael, 2022, Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida, pp. 149-168 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on page 161, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac006, http://zenodo.org/record/703771

Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society following peer review. The version of record Danielle Božena de Carle, Łukasz Gajda, Aleksander Bielecki, Stanisław Cios, Joanna M Cichocka, Heidi E Golden, Andrew D Gryska, Sergey Sokolov, Marina Borisowna Shedko, Rune Knudsen, Serge Utevsky, Piotr Świątek, Michael Tessler, Recent evolution of ancient Arctic leech relatives: systematics of Acanthobdellida, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 196, Issue 1, September 2022, Pages 149–168 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac006Acanthobdellida gnaw into the sides of salmonid fishes in frigid Arctic lakes and rivers, latching on with fearsome facial hooks. Sister to leeches, they are an ancient lineage with two described species. Unfortunately, Acanthobdellida are rarely collected, leading to a paucity of literature despite their unique morphology. Populations range from Eurasia to Alaska (USA), but few specimens of Acanthobdella peledina are represented in molecular studies, and no molecular data exist for Paracanthobdella livanowi, making their taxonomic position difficult to assess. We use phylogenetics and morphology to determine whether allopatric populations of A. peledina are distinct species and assess the current classification scheme used for Acanthobdellida. We produce a new suborder, Acanthobdelliformes, to match the taxonomy within Hirudinea. Scanning electron micrographs indicate species-level differences in the anterior sucker and facial hooks; molecular phylogenetics mirrors this divergence between species. We assign both species to the family Acanthobdellidae and abandon the family Paracanthobdellidae. Alaskan and European A. peledina populations are morphologically similar, but appear phylogenetically divergent. Our data strongly suggest that members of the order Acanthobdellida diverged relatively recently in their ancient history, but based on genetic distance, this divergence appears to pre-date the most recent cycles of glaciation

Biodiversity and Biogeography of Sakhalin Island

Here we present review data on the geographic distribution and biogeography of the Sakhalin biota and attempt to analyze its general structure based on indicator taxonomic groups of terrestrial and freshwater organisms (i.e., fungi, plants, and animals). The work is based on a long-term program designed to survey and inventory the biota of Sakhalin Island: the International Sakhalin Island Project, an extension of the International Kuril Island Projectreported on by Pietsch et al. (2003)