A Symposium on \u27Controls on Soil Resoration: Implications for Climate Change\u27; October 27-28, 1997; Anaheim, CA

The potential disruption of global C cycles by human activity in both developed and developing counties is one of the key environmental issues facing human populations as we move into the 21st century. Deforestation of tropical rainforests, changes in land-use, and continued burning of fossil fuels have resulted in an unprecedented increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last half century. This has raised concerns about potential global warming and climate change, and consequences for further disruptions of the global C cycle. Soil respiration, which represents the combined respiration of roots and soil micro- and macro- biota, represents one of the major pathways of flux in the global C cycle. Thus, a slight increase in soil respiration could significantly exacerbate atmospheric CO2 increases with consequent positive feedback to global climate change, whereas a decrease could offset further anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As such, it is imperative that a better understanding of the factors that control soil respiration is gained and that include consideration of soil carbon storage and flux in discussions of emissions trading and greenhouse gas mitigation efforts is included. In order to define the current state-or-knowledge on soil respiration, provide insight on critical directions for future research, and enhance scientific input to environmental decision-making, this project will assist in the implementation of a Symposium entitled: Controls on Soil Respiration: Implications for Climate Change which will be held at the annual meetings of the Soil Science Society of America in Anaheim, CA, October 27-28, 1997

(RCN) Terrestrial Ecosystem Response to Atmospheric and Climatic Change

Future changes in the global carbon balance and associated feedbacks to climate will depend on ecosystem responses to multiple, interacting drivers of global change, such as elevated CO2, temperature, N deposition and changes in the amount and timing of precipitation. Efforts to predict these interactions with modeling approaches have been limited by a lack of relevant experimental data, as well as the absence of mechanisms for rapid communication between modelers and experimentalists. This grant will establish a network of global change scientists in an initiative on Terrestrial Ecosystem Responses to Atmospheric and Climatic Change (TERACC), with the aim to (1) integrate and synthesize existing whole-ecosystem research on ecosystem responses to individual global change drivers, (2) foster new research on whole-ecosystem responses to the combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO2, warming, and other aspects of global change, and (3) promote better communication and integration between experimentalists and modelers. TERACC activities will focus primarily on a series of directed, interactive workshops, but will also include database management and educational activities

2015 eCommons and Data Management Bookmark

This bookmark-sized promotional piece, inspired by a similar work promoting the institutional repository at the University of Pennsylvania, promotes open-access faculty scholarship in the University of Dayton\u27s Digital Commons repository, eCommons, as well as the University Libraries\u27 data management consulting services. During Open Access Week (Oct. 19-23, 2015), library liaisons, repository staff and graduate school administrators distributed the bookmarks at three campus locations along with cookies decorated with the OA unlocked logo. Access services librarians also included the bookmark with all Roesch2U faculty deliveries during Open Access Week

Ewald methods for polarizable surfaces with application to hydroxylation and hydrogen bonding on the (012) and (001) surfaces of alpha-Fe2O3

We present a clear and rigorous derivation of the Ewald-like method for calculation of the electrostatic energy of the systems infinitely periodic in two-dimensions and of finite size in the third dimension (slabs) which is significantly faster than existing methods. Molecular dynamics simulations using the transferable/polarizable model by Rustad et al. were applied to study the surface relaxation of the nonhydroxylated, hydroxylated, and solvated surfaces of alpha-Fe2O3 (hematite). We find that our nonhydroxylated structures and energies are in good agreement with previous LDA calculations on alpha-alumina by Manassidis et al. [Surf. Sci. Lett. 285, L517, 1993]. Using the results of molecular dynamics simulations of solvated interfaces, we define end-member hydroxylated-hydrated states for the surfaces which are used in energy minimization calculations. We find that hydration has a small effect on the surface structure, but that hydroxylation has a significant effect. Our calculations, both for gas-phase and solution-phase adsorption, predict a greater amount of hydroxylation for the (012) surface than for the (001) surface. Our simulations also indicate the presence of four-fold coordinated iron ions on the (001) surface.Comment: 23 pages, REVTeX (LaTeX), 8 figures not included, e-mail to [email protected], paper accepted in Surface Scienc

2015 University of Dayton Libraries Cultivating Knowledge and Building Community

2015 publication targeting donors and alumni who wish to learn more about University of Dayton Libraries

LTREB: Biogeochemical Mechanisms of Response in the Third Decade of Whole-Ecosystem Experimental Manipulations at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM)

This grant will support the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) where research has been conducted for approximately 20 years on the effects of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition on forests. The research is conducted on two watersheds, each drained by a first order stream. One is treated bimonthly by helicopter to simulate atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen. Over the past 20 years, this research has identified and verified key factors governing forest response to air pollution, and also revealed major gaps in our understanding that are critical to determining the success of current and potential future regulations under the Clean Air Act and its amendments of 1990. Recent research is also studying how climate interacts with other air pollutants to determine water quality and forest health. This grant will support the project into the third decade where new ecological response mechanisms are emerging that can only be investigated by long-term, multi-decadal research.The broader impacts of this project include the training of undergraduate and graduate students who will be the scientific leaders of tomorrow. This research provides direct evidence of whole-ecosystem responses to chemical treatments that simulate air pollutants providing results not possible from controlled laboratory studies. The issue of acid deposition remains a concern for forest ecosystem health and water quality. There are also direct interactions between climate and acid deposition that few field research sites in the world are prepared to study. This research directly addresses those information needs for today and the future

TB196: Temperature, Soil Moisture, and Streamflow at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM)

The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine is a whole-ecosystem chemical manipulation initiated in 1987 to study the effects of acid deposition on forests and surface waters. The focus of this research was to understand the biogeochemical response of watersheds with emphasis on chemistry and hydrology. In 2001 a program was initiated to provide more detailed measurements of temperature and moisture to examine critical linkages amongst chemical, biological, and physical processes that ultimately work together to define ecosystem function. The purpose of this publication is to provide data from the initial phase of soil temperature, air temperature, and soil moisture measurements at the site. In addition, the authors have incorporated aspects of relevant precipitation and streamflow characteristics available for the full project period.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1001/thumbnail.jp

Does Elevated Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition Lead to Net Base Cation Losses in Northern New England Forest Soils?

The aims of this research are to continue treatment and monitoring of a paired watershed experiment at Bear Brook in northern Maine, with an emphasis on changes in soil base cations, particularly calcium. Base cation depletion is well-recognised as a potential problem in soils that have been subjected to acidic N deposition but few data exist from well-controlled, long-term experiments. The Bear Brook watershed has been periodically treated with ammonium sulfate since the fall of 1989 and is believed to be approaching N saturation. Since 1993 the relationship between base cations and strong acid anions has changed, such that labile Ca and Mg may be depleted in the soils as Al losses increase. Continued monitoring will allow tests of a series of hypotheses about controls and mechanisms of cation retention and leaching in temperate forest soils

Continuity of care during care transition: Nurses´ Experiences and challenges.

The aim of this study was to gain increased knowledge about nurses’ experiences of care transition of older patients from hospital to municipal health care, based on two research questions: How is nurses’ experience continuity during care transition of older patients from hospital to municipal health care? How would nurses describe an optimal care transition? Nurses have a pivotal role during care transitions of older patients. More knowledge about their experiences is necessary to develop favorable improvements for this important period in the older patient’s treatment and care. The study has a qualitative explorative design with follow-up focus group interviews. Nurses (N = 30) working in hospital (n = 16) and municipal (n = 14) health care were organized in five mixed focus groups during the period October-January 2014/2015. The focus groups met twice, answering the research questions following a previously circulated semi-structured interview guide. The interview analysis was inspired by content analysis. The analysis resulted in the themes “Administrative demands challenge terms for collaboration” and “Essentials for nursing determine optimal care transitions for older patients”. Administrative demands may prevent nurses’ professional dialogue and collaboration across health care levels. Older patients’ best interests should be ensured through a collaborative relationship between hospital and municipal nurses, to form continuous care across health care levels. Clinical practice should be aware of essentials for nursing, which could influence and facilitate a more individualized and continuous transition for older patients.publishedVersio

TB178: Methods for Evaluating Carbon Fractions in Forest Soils: A Review

This publication was developed as part of an effort to evaluate the existing methodologies for determining carbon fractions in soils that might be applied to the question of forest soil C sequestration. A great deal of research has been done on this topic although often focused on agronomic soils. Forest land managers will be increasingly interested in identifying methods to monitor and to evaluate the effects of forest practices on soil C reserves. As well researchers are interested in this and the logical linkages to N cycling. Ultimately practical methods that can be widely utilized will be needed; these may come from current methods or be developed through research. This review offers a framework for this area of investigation.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1030/thumbnail.jp