Invariant Time-Dependent Exchange Perturbation Theory and its Application to the Particles Collision Problem

We present the formalism of Time-dependent Exchange Perturbation Theory (TDEPT) built to all orders of perturbation, for the arbitrary time dependency of perturbation. The theory takes into account the rearrangement of electrons among centres. We show how the formalism can be reduced to the standard form of invariant perturbation theory by 'switching off' the re-arrangement of electrons among centres. The elements of the scattering S-matrix and transitions T-matrix and the formula for the electron scattering differential cross section are derived. The application of the theory to scattering and collision problems is discussed. As an example, we apply the theory to proton scattering on a Lithium atom, calculating the differential and total cross-sections

Социокультурная адаптация иностранной молодежи к украинской студенческой среде: антропосоциогенетический контекст

Purpose. To study the features of socio-cultural adaptation of young people in the Ukrainian student environment. To justify the leading role anthropogenetics factor in the processes of adaptation in modern society. To highlight the importance of individual, social and spiritual in the development of youth society. Theoretical basis. Taking into account the ambiguity of the goal, the following methods were used in the study: the system method, the methodology of complex socio-cultural research, the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, inductive and deductive methods, anthroposociogenetic method. The system method was used to achieve in the theoretical and cognitive basis of understanding the relationship of the main categories of research: «socio-cultural», «adaptation», «socio-cultural adaptation», «socialization», «mentality», «spirituality», «disadaptation”, «social and cultural exclusion». The methodology of complex socio-cultural research, authored by E. R. Borinstein, was used to obtain comprehensive socio-cultural data on the groups studied at the beginning, during and at the end of the study. The method of ascent from concrete to abstract was used, based on the need to move from the analysis of the conceptual apparatus and the theoretical essence of the problem to a specific study of the problems facing Ukrainian students, multicultural in nature and in need of effective methods of social adaptation to the constantly transforming conditions of existence in the new socio-cultural environment. Anthroposociology method, based on the originality and independence of thought of the person allowed to reveal the spiritual-existential essence of Ukrainian students, identify its transcendental characteristics. The scientific novelty of the results is that for the first time in the Ukrainian socio-philosophical thought developed and conducted a comprehensive study of the features of socio-cultural adaptation of foreign youth, which is part of the Ukrainian students to the ever-changing socio-cultural environment. The results of the study provide an opportunity to deepen knowledge about the value orientations of modern youth, to create a model of socio-cultural adaptation in a constantly transforming society. Summary. Social and cultural adaptation of foreign students in case of complex (social, cultural, economic, psychological and political) solution of the issues is the most effective. Further implementation of the project will help students to effectively adapt to the new socio-cultural conditions of their lives and improve the quality and level of education of students, providing a highly motivated mastery of knowledge, skills and abilities. The proposed set of measures to study the effective adaptation of students is one of the steps to solve this problem in a wider range of socio-cultural adaptation of different groups of Ukrainian society.В статье выявлены особенности социокультурной адаптации молодежи в украинской студенческой среде. Обоснована ведущая роль антропосоциогенетического фактора в процессах социокультурной адаптации современного общества. Охарактеризованы закономерности развития индивидуального, социального и духовного в развитии молодежного социума и раскрыта духовно-экзистенциальную сущность украинского студенчества, обозначить его транцендентальные характеристики. Научная новизна полученных результатов состоит в том, что впервые в украинской социально-философской мысли разработано и проведено комплексное исследование особенностей социокультурной адаптации иностранной молодежи, являющейся частью украинского студенчества, к постоянно меняющейся социокультурной среде. Результаты исследования дают возможности углубить знания о ценностных ориентациях современной молодежи, создать модель социокультурной адаптации в постоянно трансформирующемся обществе. Социокультурная адаптация иностранных студентов в случае комплексного (социального, культурного, экономического, психологического и политического) решения вопросов наиболее эффективна. Дальнейшая реализация проекта поможет студентам эффективно адаптироваться к новым социокультурным условиям их жизни и повысит качество и уровень обучения студентов, обеспечивая высокую мотивированность овладения знаниями, умениями и навыками. Предложенный комплекс мероприятий по изучению эффективной адаптации студентов является одной из ступенек к решению этой проблемы в более широком диапазоне социокультурной адаптации различных групп украинского общества.У статті виявлено особливості соціокультурної адаптації іноземної молоді до українського студентського середовища. Обґрунтувано провідну роль антропосоціогенетіческого фактора в процесах соціокультурної адаптації сучасного суспільства. Охарактеризовано закономірності розвитку індивідуального, соціального і духовного в розвитку молодіжного соціуму та розкрито духовно-екзистенційну сутність українського студентства, позначити його трансцендентальні характеристики. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає в тому, що вперше в українській соціально-філософської думці розроблено та проведено комплексне дослідження особливостей соціокультурної адаптації іноземної молоді, яка є частиною українського студентства, до мінливого соціокультурного середовища. Результати дослідження дають можливості поглибити знання про ціннісні орієнтації сучасної молоді, створити модель соціокультурної адаптації в суспільсті, що постійно трансформується. Соціокультурна адаптація іноземних студентів в разі комплексного (соціального, культурного, економічного, психологічного і політичного) вирішення питань найбільш ефективна. Подальша реалізація проекту допоможе іноземним студентам ефективно адаптуватися до нових соціокультурних умов їх життя та підвищити якість й рівень навчання студентів, що забезпечить високу вмотивованість оволодіння знаннями, вміннями і навичками. Запропонований комплекс заходів щодо вивчення ефективної адаптації студентів є однією зі сходинок до вирішення цієї проблеми в більш широкому діапазоні соціокультурної адаптації різних груп українського суспільства

Influence of absorbed energy distribution along beam radius on ignition threshold of condensed explosives

The criterion of the condensed explosive ignition by the electron beam, which takes into account Gaussian distribution of electron density along the beam radius, has been obtained. It has been shown that radial heat removal of the absorbed energy leads to the increase in critical ignition energy if the effective track length of electrons in a solid is commensurate with the beam radius. The critical energy of PETN initiation by the electron beam has been calculated

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Permutation Symmetry in Coherent Electrons Scattering by Disordered Media

A non-Anderson weak localization of an electron beam scattered from disordered matter is considered with respect to the principle of electron indistinguishability. A weak localization of electrons of a new type is essentially associated with inelastic processing. The origin of inelasticity is not essential. We take into account the identity principle for electron beam and electrons of the atom of the scatterer with an open shell. In spite of isotropic scattering by each individual scatterer, the electron exchange contribution has a hidden parameters effect on the resulting angular dependence of the scattering cross-section. In this case, the electrons of the open shell of an atomic scatterer can be in the s-state, that is, the atomic shell remains spherically symmetric. The methods of an invariant time-dependent exchange perturbation theory and a Green functions with exchange were applied. An additional angular dependence of the scattering cross-section appears during the coherent scattering process. It is shown exactly for the helium scatterer that the role of exchange effects in the case of a singlet is negligible, while for the triplet state, it is decisive, especially for those values of the energy of incident electrons when de Broglie’s waves are commensurate with the atomic

Influence of spin-orbit interaction on magnetic properties of fullerenes

The current paper is devoted to the consideration of sp2-carbonaceous fullerenes molecules in a homogeneous magnetic field. Due to a reduction system symmetry in the magnetic field, the energy splitting gives rise dominant atomic structures in fullerene molecules with local symmetries. Spin-orbit interaction plays a crucial role in this phenomenon. The current paper is aimed at determine spin-orbit coupling parameters, as an energy ESO and a constant aSO as well as a Lande g-factor for the C60-based compounds in the magnetic field

Collision of a Positron with the Capture of an Electron from Lithium and the Effect of a Magnetic Field on the Particles Balance

The processes of scattering slow positrons with the possible formation of positronium play an important role in the diagnosis of both composite materials, including semiconductor materials, and for the analysis of images obtained by positron tomography of living tissues. In this paper, we consider the processes of scattering positrons with the capture of an electron and the formation of positronium. When calculating the cross-section for the capture reaction, exchange effects caused by the rearrangement of electrons between colliding particles are taken into account. Comparison of the results of calculating the cross-section with a similar problem of electron capture by a proton showed that the mass effect is important in such a collision process. The loss of an electron by a lithium atom is more effective when it collides with a positron than with a proton or alpha particles. The dynamic equilibrium of the formation of positronium in the presence of a strong magnetic field is considered. It is shown that a strong magnetic field during tomography investigation shifts the dynamic equilibrium to the positronium concentration followed by positron annihilation with radiation of three gamma-quants