Radical-SAM dependent nucleotide dehydratase (SAND), rectification of the names of an ancient iron-sulfur enzyme using NC-IUBMB recommendations

In 1789, the influential French chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier described his view of science and its langague in his book Traité élémentaire de chimie. According to the Robert Kerr’s translation it states (Lavoisier, 1790): “As ideas are preserved and communicated by means of words, it necessarily follows that we cannot improve the language of any science without at the same time improving the science itself; neither can we, on the other hand, improve a science without improving the language or nomenclature which belongs to it.” This view reminds us of Confucius’s earlier doctrine, the rectification of names (Steinkraus, 1980; Lau, 2000). Confucius believed that rectification of names is imperative. He explained (Steinkraus, 1980; Lau, 2000): “If language is incorrect, then what is said does not concord with what was meant, what is to be done cannot be affected. If what is to be done cannot be affected, then rites and music will not flourish. If rites and music do not flourish, then mutilations and lesser punishments will go astray. And if mutilations and lesser punishments go astray, then the people have nowhere to put hand or foot. Therefore the gentleman uses only such language as is proper for speech, and only speaks of what it would be proper to carry into effect. The gentleman in what he says leaves nothing to mere chance.” Inspired by these views, we make the analogy that the progress of science and the language used to describe it are two entangled electrons. This entanglement highlights the importance of introducing systemic names for enzymes using EC classification and the ever-growing problem of protein names (McDonald and Tipton, 2021). Here, we tackle one specific case of iron-sulfur ([FeS]) enzymes. We show that the language used to describe a conserved [FeS] enzyme of the innate immune system, i.e., viperin or RSAD2, is now inadequate and disentangled from its science. We discuss that the enzyme has cellular functions beyond its antiviral activity and that eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes catalyse the same chemical reactions. To prevent bias towards antiviral activity while studying various biochemical activities of the enzyme and using scientifically incorrect terms like “prokaryotic viperins,” we rectify the language describing the enzyme. Based on NC-IUBMB recommendations, we introduce the nomenclature S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent Nucleotide Dehydratase (SAND)

Conservation of Australian cedar seeds (Toona ciliata)

Se ensayó el efecto de la conservación de semillas del cedro australiano (Toona ciliata) en cuatro temperaturas: 27ºC (temperatura ambiente); 4ºC (refrigerador); -18ºC (freezer) y -196ºC (nitrógeno líquido) sobre su germinación. Los resultados mostraron que, luego de 12 meses de conservación de las semillas a 27ºC ó a 4ºC, la germinación es prácticamente nula. La conservación de las semillas por 12 meses a -18ºC ó mediante su inmersión directa en nitrógeno líquido (-196ºC) permite que entre el 80 y el 95% de las mismas germinen. Se discute la utilización de estos procedimientos para la conservación de germoplasma.Fil: Scocchi, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Dieringer, E.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Mroginski, E.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Mroginski, Luis Amado. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin

Incidencia de la concentración de reguladores vegetales sobre la formación de vástagos in vitro en tres explantes de lino (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Para seleccionar la combinación óptima de reguladores vegetales que promueven la neoformación de vástagos en segmentos inter nodales de tallo, cotiledones y hojas de lino se evaluaron sobre el medio basal MS cuatro niveles de AlA,ANA y 2,4-D (0,01; 0,1; 1,0 y 3,0 mg t-') solos y en combinación con los mismos cuatro niveles de BAP. Se analizó el porcentaje de explantes con vástagos y el NV. Se demostró un requerimiento en reguladores vegetales diferencial para la regeneración de los tres explantes dado que para segmentos internodales de tallo la combinación más adecuada fue MS + 1 mg 1-' BAP y para cotiledones y hojas MS + 1 mg 1-' BAP + 0,1 mg 1-' ANA. Los valores fueron 100 % de regeneración con un NV de 7,7 para segmentos inter nodales de tallo y de 23 y 33 % de regeneración con un NV de 3 y 5 para cotiledones y hojas respectivamente. El comportamiento do los diferentes cultivares ensayados reveló que no existen diferencias significativas entre sus capacidades regenerativas

Cryopreservation of seeds and in vitro-cultured protocorms of Oncidium bifolium Sims. (Orchidaceae) by encapsulation-dehydration

Encapsulation-dehydration was employed for cryopreserving seeds and in vitro-cultured protocorms of Oncidium bifolium. Freshly harvested seeds, 120 days after pollination, were encapsulated in beads containing 1/2 MS medium with 3% sucrose and 3% calcium alginate and subsequently pretreated in agitated (80 rpm) liquid medium supplemented with 0.15 M sucrose (24 h) followed by 0.25 M sucrose (48 h), 0.5 M sucrose (24 h) and 0.75 M sucrose (24 h). The beads with seeds were dehydrated with silica gel for 5 h to 19.2% moisture content and immersed in liquid nitrogen for I h, thawed at 30 degrees C for 2 min, post-treated using the same series of liquid media [0.5 M sucrose (24 h), 0.25 M sucrose (48 h), 0.15 M sucrose (24 h)], and recultured on 1/2 MS medium with 0.1 M sucrose and 0.7% agar. As much as 4.8% of the cryopreserved seeds produced complete plants. In-vitro cultured protocorms were successfully cryopreserved following the same procedure, allowing 11.3% of them to produce plants

Petei and Mocoi: two rice cultivars developed through anther culture in Argentine

We developed two rice varieties, Petei and Mocoi, through anther culture. These varieties were released in 1997 for commercial cultivation in Argentina. Petei was developed from a cross involving cultivars Quella and Guayquiraro, which were made avaible to the rice program at the Julio Hirschhorm Experimental Station,FCAF. Selected plants from the F population of this cross were used for anther culture the biotechnology laboratory, FCA, UNNE. Mocoi was developed from crossing two F1s (H342 and H161-28-2-2-1). H342´s parents were Guayquiraro and Nucleoryza, whereas H16r28-2-2-1had Calady 40 and lRll03- 15-10 as parents. Anther culture was performed on the F1s and progenies were multiplied for further evaluation.Fil: Marassi, Maria Antonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Marassi, Juan Justo Nicolas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Marassi, J. E.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Mroginski, Luis Amado. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin