Quand l'information échappe à ses créateurs : le cas de l'artificialisation des terres agricoles en Languedoc-Roussillon

International audienceThis article aims to describe how the quantification of a phenomenon in relation to a specific worldview spreads and is distorted. This project has been supported by a regional public authority in Languedoc-Roussillon (France), and consisted in the production of information so to quantify and qualify the farmland decrease due to urban sprawl. The paper is based on Latour's actor-network theory; it characterizes the process of enrolment, and the development of dissidences. Identifying contradictory logics and dissidences help questioning the complexity of ‘closing the black-box' regarding information production and of sensemaking between heterogeneous actants involved in a supposed-to-be public debate.Cet article vise à spécifier comment la quantification d'un phénomène fondée sur une certaine vision du monde se propage et se déforme. Ce projet a été porté par une direction déconcentrée de l'Etat soucieuse de l'emprise croissante du bâti sur les terres agricoles en Languedoc-Roussillon. Le cadre théorique mobilisé, la sociologie de la traduction, permet d'identifier les grandes étapes d'intéressement, d'enrôlement, ainsi que le développement de controverses. Les difficultés rencontrées interrogent sur la complexité de clôture de processus innovants s'agissant de production d'information et de co-construction de sens associant des actants hétérogènes impliqués dans des procédures de débat public

Fourier analysis of wave turbulence in a thin elastic plate

The spatio-temporal dynamics of the deformation of a vibrated plate is measured by a high speed Fourier transform profilometry technique. The space-time Fourier spectrum is analyzed. It displays a behavior consistent with the premises of the Weak Turbulence theory. A isotropic continuous spectrum of waves is excited with a non linear dispersion relation slightly shifted from the linear dispersion relation. The spectral width of the dispersion relation is also measured. The non linearity of this system is weak as expected from the theory. Finite size effects are discussed. Despite a qualitative agreement with the theory, a quantitative mismatch is observed which origin may be due to the dissipation that ultimately absorbs the energy flux of the Kolmogorov-Zakharov casade.Comment: accepted for publication in European Physical Journal B see http://www.epj.or

Compiling Linguistic Constraints into Finite State Automata

International audienceThis paper deals with linguistic constraints encoded in the form of (binary) tables, generally called lexicon-grammar tables. We describe a unified method to compile sets of tables of linguistic constraints into Finite State Automata. This method has been practically implemented in the linguistic platform Unitex

A receptor-like kinase mutant with absent endodermal diffusion barrier displays selective nutrient homeostasis defects

We thank the Genomic Technologies Facility (GTF) and the Central Imaging Facility (CIF) of the University of Lausanne for expert technical support. We thank Valérie Dénervaud Tendon, Guillaume Germion, Deborah Mühlemann, and Kayo Konishi for technical assistance and John Danku and Véronique Vacchina for ICP-MS analysis. This work was funded by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the European Research Council (ERC) to NG and a Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSP) grant to JT and NG. GL and CM were supported by the Agropolis foundation (Rhizopolis) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (HydroRoot; ANR-11-BSV6-018). MB was supported by a EMBO long-term postdoctoral fellowship, JEMV by a Marie Curie IEF fellowship and TK by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Ingénierie des joints de grain dans les alliages à base de Nickel

http://hdl.handle.net/2042/37065International audienceUne voie d'optimisation des alliages à base de Nickel est l'ingénierie des joints de grains. Cette méthode consiste à contrôler la distribution du type de joints de grains. Un mécanisme de formation de joints spéciaux par maclage multiple lors des recuits est proposé. Les distributions de joints de grains issues de simulations de la recristallisation par la méthode de Monte Carlo sont comparées à des distributions obtenues expérimentalement

ExTrA: Exoplanets in Transit and their Atmospheres

The ExTrA facility, located at La Silla observatory, will consist of a near-infrared multi-object spectrograph fed by three 60-cm telescopes. ExTrA will add the spectroscopic resolution to the traditional differential photometry method. This shall enable the fine correction of color-dependent systematics that would otherwise hinder ground-based observations. With both this novel method and an infrared-enabled efficiency, ExTrA aims to find transiting telluric planets orbiting in the habitable zone of bright nearby M dwarfs. It shall have the versatility to do so by running its own independent survey and also by concurrently following-up on the space candidates unveiled by K2 and TESS. The exoplanets detected by ExTrA will be amenable to atmospheric characterisation with VLTs, JWST, and ELTs and could give our first peek into an exo-life laboratory.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, SPIE 201

Innovation et gouvernance territoriale : une analyse par les dispositifs

International audienceCette communication vise à présenter les outils méthodologiques d'analyse/évaluation de la gouvernance territoriale élaborés dans le cadre du projet de recherche PSDR Gouv.Innov sur les innovations organisationnelles relatives à la gouvernance territoriale. Il s'agit d'étudier les transformations introduites par les politiques de développement durable au niveau des dispositifs de gouvernance territoriale visant à favoriser une gestion intégrée des espaces ruraux. Dans un contexte de recomposition de l'action publique où les procédures d'aménagement sont plutôt normées par des représentations urbaines, l'accent est mis sur la question des modalités de représentation des activités rurales, pour lesquelles nous faisons l'hypothèse qu'elles sont sous représentées. Les premiers résultats méthodologiques permettent, dans une première partie, de proposer une définition générique et pragmatique de la gouvernance territoriale et de préciser la notion de dispositifs de gouvernance comme objet d'observation. A partir de cette définition une grille d'analyse permettant d'appréhender l'ensemble des dimensions en jeu dans les processus de gouvernance territoriale est élaborée. Dans la deuxième partie nous explorons l'intérêt de la notion de dispositif pour observer les processus de gouvernance et proposons une grille de collecte et de structuration des informations pour constituer des chroniques des dispositifs étudiés. / This paper seeks to present the methodological tools used in the analysis/evaluation of territorial governance developed during research undertaken within the framework of the PSDR Gouv-Innov project on organisational innovations with respect to territorial governance. It involves the study of the changes resulting from the emergence of sustainable development policies in territorial governance systems aiming to implement the integrated management of rural areas. In a context of changes in the way in which public action is implemented (for instance, public-private partnerships), where development procedures are usually standardised by urban representations, the emphasis is placed on the issue of the representation of rural activities, the hypothesis being that they are under-represented. The initial methodological results lead, in the first instance, to a proposition for a generic and pragmatic definition of territorial governance and a clarification of the notion of governance systems as objects of observation. This definition can be used as the basis of a framework to address all the analytical dimensions of the territorial governance process. In the second part, the authors explore the idea of system in order to observe governance processes and suggest a matrix for the collection and structuring of information in order to report on the studied systems

Spin-phonon coupling in epitaxial Sr0.6Ba0.4MnO3 thin films

Spin-phonon coupling is investigated in epitaxially strained Sr1-xBaxMnO3 thin films with perovskite structure by means of microwave (MW) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In this work we focus on the Sr0.6Ba0.4MnO3 composition grown on (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 substrate. The MW complex electromagnetic response shows a decrease in the real part and a clear anomaly in the imaginary part around 150 K. Moreover, it coincides with a 17% hardening of the lowest-frequency polar phonon seen in IR reflectance spectra. In order to further elucidate this phenomenon, low-energy muon-spin spectroscopy was carried out, signaling the emergence of antiferromagnetic order with Néel temperature (TN) around 150 K. Thus, our results confirm that epitaxial Sr0.6Ba0.4MnO3 thin films display strong spin-phonon coupling below TN, which may stimulate further research on tuning the magnetoelectric coupling by controlling the epitaxial strain and chemical pressure in the Sr1-xBaxMnO3 system