Implementing cognitive architecture plan-image to search tasks in agent models

In the article we discuss some questions connected with cognitive structures and behavior algorithms of an artificial social agent. We suggest a cognitive Plan-Image architecture that is based on the concepts of TOTE model by Miller, Galanter and Pribra

Phraseological units with lexeme "fire" in diachronical aspect

The article spotlights on the phraseological units of English with lexeme "fire" in diachronic aspect, which helps to reveal the information about multi-sided culture, history and traditions of a certain natio

Simulating budget system in the agent model of the Russian Federation spatial development

In this paper we present methods, data and algorithms for simulating budget system in the model of the Russian Federation spatial development. We show the place of this task in methodology of our research and give a brief overview of the background results. We determine revenues and expenditures of the budgets and funds on the basis of federal laws, Budget and Tax codes of the Russian Federation. For validation of the budget system algorithms in the model we conduct retrospective modeling for the federal budget and the budget of Belgorod region in 201

MicroRNA-21 regulates breast cancer invasion partly by targeting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 expression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MicroRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally regulate expression of target genes and have been implicated in the progress of cancer proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether microRNA-21 (miR-21), a specific microRNA implicated in multiple aspects of carcinogenesis, impacts breast cancer invasion by regulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) gene.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>miR-21 expression was investigated in 32 matched breast cancer and normal breast tissues, and in four human breast cancer cell lines, by Taqman quantitative real-time PCR. Cell invasive ability was determined by matrigel invasion assay in vitro, in cells transfected with miR-21 or anti-miR-21 oligonucleotides. In addition, the regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) by miR-21 was evaluated by western blotting and luciferase assays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 32 paired samples analyzed, 25 breast cancer tissues displayed overexpression of miR-21 in comparison with matched normal breast epithelium. Additionally, incidence of lymph node metastasis closely correlated with miR-21 expression, suggesting a role for miR-21 in metastasis. Similarly, each of the four breast cancer cell lines analyzed overexpressed miR-21, to varied levels. Further, cells transfected with miR-21 showed significantly increased matrigel invasion compared with control cells, whereas transfection with anti-miR-21 significantly decreased cell invasion. Evaluation of TIMP3 protein levels, a peptidase involved in extarcellular matrix degredation, inversely correlated with miR-21 expression.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>As knockdown of miR-21 increased TIMP3 protein expression and luciferase reporter activity, our data suggests that miR-21 could promote invasion in breast cancer cells via its regulation of TIMP3.</p

Intra-Genomic Ribosomal RNA Polymorphism and Morphological Variation in Elphidium macellum Suggests Inter-Specific Hybridization in Foraminifera

Elphidium macellum is a benthic foraminifer commonly found in the Patagonian fjords. To test whether its highly variable morphotypes are ecophenotypes or different genotypes, we analysed 70 sequences of the SSU rRNA gene from 25 specimens. Unexpectedly, we identified 11 distinct ribotypes, with up to 5 ribotypes co-occurring within the same specimen. The ribotypes differ by varying blocks of sequence located at the end of stem-loop motifs in the three expansion segments specific to foraminifera. These changes, distinct from typical SNPs and indels, directly affect the structure of the expansion segments. Their mosaic distribution suggests that ribotypes originated by recombination of two or more clusters of ribosomal genes. We propose that this expansion segment polymorphism (ESP) could originate from hybridization of morphologically different populations of Patagonian Elphidium. We speculate that the complex geological history of Patagonia enhanced divergence of coastal foraminiferal species and contributed to increasing genetic and morphological variation

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПТА «ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЕ ПРЕПЯТСТВИЯ» ГЛАГОЛЬНЫМИ ЛЕКСЕМАМИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

This article states that studying of concepts is one of developing areas in linguistics. Concept «overcoming the obstacle» is important in spiritual, social and political life as it is the backbone of progressive advance. The situation of overcoming the obstacle can be objectified by the verbs overcome, squash, subjugate, etc. Emphasis is often laid on efforts of the individual. Sometimes we can see valuation of the action from observers or the person himself.В данной статье речь идет о том, что одной из развивающихся областей языкознания является исследование концептов. Концепт преодоления препятствий важен в социальной, духовной и политической жизни человека, так как является основой поступательного движения. Ситуацию преодоления препятствий могут объективировать глагольные единицы overcome, squash, subjugate и др. В предложении зачастую делается акцент на усилиях индивида при достижении своих целей и описывается оценка действий либо самим субъектом, либо сторонними наблюдателями

"DUAL FAITH" DURING THE SOVIET ERA IN THE "INDUSTRIAL" PROSE OF THE 1920S—1930S

This article analyzes the manipulation of the sacral in the principles of Socialist Realism "production" prose of the 1920s–1930s. The spіritual atmosphere in post-revolutionary Russia is characterized as "dual faith". The author's assessments of Bolshevik doctrine's fetishist foundations, its anti-Christian nature are considered