Implementation of the state economic policy in the field of education

The relevance of the analyzed issue is caused by the need to study the mutual development of higher education and basic factors of the production system. The purpose of this paper is the development of theoretical positions of state regulation of higher education systems, as well as the development of practical recommendations for the implementation of the economic policy at the present stage of development. The leading approaches in the study of this issue are historic-economic, institutional and evolutionary, econometric modeling elements allowing justifying the trend of the higher education development in the current period. It is proved that changes in economic policy conditions are associated with the implementation of irreversible transformations occurring in the factors of production. It is shown that these changes dictate cyclical fluctuations, as well as the evolution of the behavior and preferences of consumers. The contents of this article may be useful in the development of a state strategy to modernize higher education and the overall economic policy. © 2016 Malikh et al

Electron localization in sound absorption oscillations in the quantum Hall effect regime

The absorption coefficient for surface acoustic waves in a piezoelectric insulator in contact with a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure (with two-dimensional electron mobility $\mu= 1.3\times 10^5 cm^2/V\cdot s)$ at T=4.2K) via a small gap has been investigated experimentally as a function of the frequency of the wave, the width of the vacuum gap, the magnetic field, and the temperature. The magnetic field and frequency dependencies of the high-frequency conductivity (in the region 30-210 MHz) are calculated and analyzed. The experimental results can be explained if it assumed that there exists a fluctuation potential in which current carrier localization occurs. The absorption of the surface acoustic waves in an interaction with two-dimensional electrons localized in the energy "tails" of Landau levels is discussed.Comment: RevTeX 6 pages+6 EPS pic

Magnetic-field-dependent zero-bias diffusive anomaly in Pb oxide-n-InAs structures: Coexistence of two- and three-dimensional states

The results of experimental and theoretical studies of zero-bias anomaly (ZBA) in the Pb-oxide-n-InAs tunnel structures in magnetic field up to 6T are presented. A specific feature of the structures is a coexistence of the 2D and 3D states at the Fermi energy near the semiconductor surface. The dependence of the measured ZBA amplitude on the strength and orientation of the applied magnetic field is in agreement with the proposed theoretical model. According to this model, electrons tunnel into 2D states, and move diffusively in the 2D layer, whereas the main contribution to the screening comes from 3D electrons.Comment: 8 double-column pages, REVTeX, 9 eps figures embedded with epsf, published versio

Роль циркулирующей в крови опухолевой ДНК при раке толстой кишки

The term “liquid biopsy” describes the study of various tumor derivatives (circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, tumor RNA, tumor proteins) in the blood plasma. Results of liquid biopsy provide real-time information on the molecular pathologies and morphologicalfeatures throughout the whole tumor mass and allow to estimate evolutionary changes of tumor mass in the dynamics, heterogeneity of mass formation and effectiveness of the therapy. Despite the impressive perspective of this method in the diagnosis, monitoring of disease, there is a number of problems for the implementation of liquid biopsy for various cancer pathologies. In this literature review, we focus on the role of circulating DNA as a source of information about the tumor in patients with colon cancer.Под термином «жидкостная биопсия» (“liquid biopsy”) понимают изучение различных дериватов опухоли (циркулирующая опухолевая ДНК, циркулирующие опухолевые клетки, опухолевая РНК, белки опухоли) в плазме крови. Данные жидкостной биопсиидают информацию о молекулярных нарушениях и морфологии в реальном времени по всей опухолевой массе и позволяют оценить в динамике эволюционные изменения образования, гетерогенность заболевания и эффективность терапии. Несмотря на впечатляющую перспективу применения данного метода в диагностике и мониторинге заболевания, тем не менее существует ряд проблем по внедрению жидкостной биопсии при различных онкопатологиях. В данном обзоре литературы мы сконцентрируемсяна роли циркулирующей ДНК как источнике информации об опухоли у больных раком толстой кишки

The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on women’s menstrual and reproductive functions

The aim of the study - to find out the impact of recovering from COVID-19 and different types of vaccination on the women's reproductive healthЦель исследования – выяснить влияние перенесённой коронавирусной инфекции и различных видов вакцинации на состояние репродуктивной системы женщи

Towards the matter of genetic consulting in various forms of congenital and hereditary eye diseases

Purpose. To evaluate the results in genetic consulting of patients with various forms of congenital and hereditary eyes pathology.Material and methods. The study is based on an analysis of results in genetic consulting and molecular genetic investigations of DNA samples of 18 patients: congenital corneal dystrophy (n=3); congenital cataract (n=11); Norrie disease (n = 4). All patients had a comprehensive ophthalmologic clinical and functional examination according to the forms of pathology. Geneticist physician conducted a genealogical analysis. A study of exons and flanking intronic regions was performed using methods of analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism, restriction fragments and direct sequencing.Results. The clinical diagnosis of endothelial corneal dystrophy with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance using molecular genetic methods in 2 of the 3 cases was confirmed, and a de novo mutation in the gene SLC4A11 non-described previously was found. In the group with hereditary diseases the lens pathogenic mutations were detected in the GJA3 andGJA8 genes in 2 of 11 cases (18%). Pathogenic mutations in NDP gene were detected only in 2 of 4 family members studied, and its sibling proband, directed to the genetic analysis of patients with a clinical diagnosis Norrie disease. In another of the studied probands the diseasecausing mutation was not reveled, and thus, the molecular genetic diagnosis of Norrie disease was not confirmed.Conclusion. For the first time in the Russian Federation pathogenic mutations in the gene SLC4A11 collagen, previously did not described in the literature, were revealed in patients with congenital endothelial corneal dystrophy, in a patient with congenital cataract in the gene GJA8. The success of genetic consulting depends on the complete genealogical analysis, and the correct determination of the clinical and genetic form of pathology

Interaction effects and phase relaxation in disordered systems

This paper is intended to demonstrate that there is no need to revise the existing theory of the transport properties of disordered conductors in the so-called weak localization regime. In particular, we demonstrate explicitly that recent attempts to justify theoretically that the dephasing rate (extracted from the magnetoresistance) remains finite at zero temperature are based on the profoundly incorrect calculation. This demonstration is based on a straightforward evaluation of the effect of the electron-electron interaction on the weak localization correction to the conductivity of disordered metals. Using well-controlled perturbation theory with the inverse conductance $g$ as the small parameter, we show that this effect consists of two contributions. First contribution comes from the processes with energy transfer smaller than the temperature. This contribution is responsible for setting the energy scale for the magnetoresistance. The second contribution originates from the virtual processes with energy transfer larger than the temperature. It is shown that the latter processes have nothing to do with the dephasing, but rather manifest the second order (in $1/g$) correction to the conductance. This correction is calculated for the first time. The paper also contains a brief review of the existing experiments on the dephasing of electrons in disordered conductors and an extended qualitative discussion of the quantum corrections to the conductivity and to the density of electronic states in the weak localization regime.Comment: 34 pages, 13 .eps figure

The Role of Native Language and the Fundamental Design of the Auditory System in Detecting Rhythm Changes

Accepted December 13, 2018Purpose: We investigated whether rhythm discrimination is mainly driven by the native language of the listener or by the fundamental design of the human auditory system and universal cognitive mechanisms shared by all people irrespective of rhythmic patterns in their native language. Method: In multiple experiments, we asked participants to listen to 2 continuous acoustic sequences and to determine whether their rhythms were the same or different (AX discrimination). Participants were native speakers of 4 languages with different rhythmic properties (Spanish, French, English, and German) to understand whether the predominant rhythmic patterns of a native language affect sensitivity, bias, and reaction time in detecting rhythmic changes in linguistic (Experiment 2) and in nonlinguistic (Experiments 1 and 2) acoustic sequences. We examined sensitivity and bias measures, as well as reaction times. We also computed Bayes factors in order to assess the effect of native language. Results: All listeners performed better (i.e., responded faster and manifested higher sensitivity and accuracy) when detecting the presence or absence of a rhythm change when the 1st stimulus in an AX test pair exhibited regular rhythm (i.e., a syllable-timed rhythmic pattern) than when the 1st stimulus exhibited irregular rhythm (i.e., stress-timed rhythmic pattern). This result pattern was observed both on linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli and was not modulated by the native language of the participant. Conclusion: We conclude that rhythm change detection is a fundamental function of a processing system that relies on general auditory mechanisms and is not modulated by linguistic experience.The authors acknowledge support from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Grant PSI2017-82563-P (awarded to A. G. S.), the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres/Units of Excellence in R&D Grant SEV-2015-490 (BCBL), and the Basque Foundation for Science Grant IKERBASQUE (awarded to A. G. S. and M. O.). D. M. G. was supported by Grant PIA/Basal FB0003 from the Chilean Research Council. L. P. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via Juan de la Cierva fellowship

Скрининг рака толстой кишки: достижения и перспективы

Today there is no unified colorectal cancer screening program. The whole number of different screening tests exists, which significantly differs from each other as a methodology and cost, as the object of study. The purpose of this review is the analysis of colorectal cancer screening in our country and also abroad, evaluation of the effectiveness of the registered methods, and the search of the ways of improvement of the screening methods.На данный момент не существует единой общепринятой скрининговой программы колоректального рака. При этом есть целый ряд  скрининговых  методов,  значительно  различающихся  между собой как  технологией  проведения  и  стоимостью, так и объектом исследования. Целью данного обзора являются анализ состояния скрининга рака толстой кишки в нашей стране и за рубежом, оценка эффективности уже зарегистрированных методов и рассмотрение путей совершенствования скрининговых методик

Immune-Complex Mimics as a Molecular Platform for Adjuvant-Free Vaccine Delivery

Protein-based vaccine development faces the difficult challenge of finding robust yet non-toxic adjuvants suitable for humans. Here, using a molecular engineering approach, we have developed a molecular platform for generating self-adjuvanting immunogens that do not depend on exogenous adjuvants for induction of immune responses. These are based on the concept of Immune Complex Mimics (ICM), structures that are formed between an oligomeric antigen and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to that antigen. In this way, the roles of antigens and antibodies within the structure of immune complexes are reversed, so that a single monoclonal antibody, rather than polyclonal sera or expensive mAb cocktails can be used. We tested this approach in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection by linking the highly immunogenic and potentially protective Ag85B with the oligomeric Acr (alpha crystallin, HspX) antigen. When combined with an anti-Acr monoclonal antibody, the fusion protein formed ICM which bound to C1q component of the complement system and were readily taken up by antigen-presenting cells in vitro. ICM induced a strong Th1/Th2 mixed type antibody response, which was comparable to cholera toxin adjuvanted antigen, but only moderate levels of T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. Unfortunately, the systemic administration of ICM did not confer statistically significant protection against intranasal MTB challenge, although a small BCG-boosting effect was observed. We conclude that ICM are capable of inducing strong humoral responses to incorporated antigens and may be a suitable vaccination approach for pathogens other than MTB, where antibody-based immunity may play a more protective role