Pathological significance of Santorini's duct of the pancreas

La signification pathologique du canal de Santorini a été étudiée à partir de l'ERCP. La fonction de décompression du canal a pu être établie par analyse radiomorphologique et par les modifications des dosages enzymatiques sanguins qui ont suivi la pancréatographie endoscopique. Alors que la fibrose diffuse du parenchyme pancréatique dans les cas de pancréatite chronique peut avoir une influence sur ce rôle du canal de Santorini, en cas de pression accrue dans le canal principal, le canal accessoire exerce un phénomène de compensation incontestable, s'il n'y a pas de fibrose. Par conséquent, le canal de Santorini ne doit pas seulement être considéré comme une simple modification congénitale niais plutôt comme une liaison importante entre le canal pancréatique principal et le duodénum, pouvant assurer de véritables fonctions de protection

Adsorption and thermal decomposition of CH3SH on the Pt(111) surface

Adsorption, desorption and thermal decomposition of methanethiol (CH3SH) on a clean and on a (2 x 2)-S covered Pt(111) surface have been studied using temperature programmed desorption, high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of temperature and coverage on the Pt(111) surface. Vibrational spectroscopy has been used to characterize the structure and bonding of surface intermediates formed during dehydrogenation of adsorbed methanethiol. The identity of surface intermediate species which form during thermal dehydrogenation is determined by both temperature and the availability of free Pt sites. Low coverages strongly favor low temperature dehydrogenation and decomposition reactions. Initial S-H bond activation does not occur at 110 K on crowded surfaces while complete decomposition of methanethiol is observed for 5% of a monolayer on a clean surface. For a saturated monolayer of methanethiol, XPS results indicate that about 60% of the carbon remains on the surface after heating to 750 K indicating that 40% of the carbon desorbs as CH4, and C2H4. The fractional yield of volatile organic products increases with increasing initial coverage of methanethiol up to monolayer coverage. The structure and geometry of the adsorbed intermediates formed by CH3SH decomposition also depends on coverage and temperature. Thermal dehydrogenation generates first CH3S, then CH2S as previously reported. In addition a new intermediate [sigma]-bonded SCH is identified in this work. Similar species form on the (2 x 2)-S pre-sulfided surface; however, in the pre-sulfided case the S-C bonds tend to be oriented more closely along the surface normal than they are on the clean surface. Methanethiol molecules remain intact on the pre-sulfided surface up to 180 K.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30409/1/0000029.pd

Investigating the particularities of regionalization:contested state–federal relations and the politics of Alaska’s Arctic Policy

Abstract This paper focuses on the particularities of a regionalization process by investigating how a supranational region emerges as a context of, and tool for, political contestation regarding power relations between a sub-national and national government. This is done through an empirical case study of the Arctic Policy of the State of Alaska. The analysis shows how the contested relationship between state and federal governments became re-contextualized in relation to the Arctic due to a newfound federal attention on the region. This culminated in how the Arctic region is perceived within the ‘Alaskan’ and federal contexts. Additionally, the case study shows that by attempting to transform how the Arctic is perceived within, and enacted through, the policies of the federal government, state actors in Alaska have sought to utilize federal attention on the region and exert an influence on federal policies that affect Alaska. This, in turn, has potential implications for the overall regionalization process of the Arctic itself. The paper contends that rather than de-constructing regionalization processes as wholes, by focusing on the particularities of these processes we can better understand the politics at play. This concurrently helps to illuminate how such politics may affect the trajectory of regionalization itself

Nordic consensus on treatment of undescended testes

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldAIM: To reach consensus among specialists from the Nordic countries on the present state-of-the-art in treatment of undescended testicles. METHODS: A group of specialists in testicular physiology, paediatric surgery/urology, endocrinology, andrology, pathology and anaesthesiology from all the Nordic countries met for two days. Before the meeting, reviews of the literature had been prepared by the participants. RECOMMENDATIONS: The group came to the following unanimous conclusions: (1) In general, hormonal treatment is not recommended, considering the poor immediate results and the possible long term adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Thus, surgery is to be preferred. (2) Orchiopexy should be done between 6 and 12 months of age, or upon diagnosis, if that occurs later. (3) Orchiopexy before age one year should only be done at centres with both paediatric surgeons/urologists and paediatric anaesthesiologists. (4) If a testis is found to be undescended at any age after 6 months, the patient should be referred for surgery--to paediatric rather than general surgeons/urologists if the boy is less than one year old or if he has bilateral or non-palpable testes, or if he has got relapse of cryptorchidism