927 research outputs found
Evaluating the application of research-based guidance to the design of an emergency preparedness leaflet
UNLABELLED: Guidelines for the design of emergency communications were derived from primary research and interrogation of the literature. The guidelines were used to re-design a nuclear emergency preparedness leaflet routinely distributed to households in the local area. Pre-test measures of memory for, and self-reported understanding of, nuclear safety information were collected. The findings revealed high levels of non-receipt of the leaflet, and among those who did receive it, memory for safety advice was poor. Subjective evaluations of the trial leaflet suggested that it was preferred and judged easier to understand than the original. Objective measures of memory for the two leaflets were also recorded, once after the study period, and again one week or four weeks later. Memory for the advice was better, at all time periods, when participants studied the trial leaflet. The findings showcase evaluation of emergency preparedness literature and suggest that extant research findings can be applied to the design of communications to improve memory and understandability. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Studies are described that showcase the use of research-based guidelines to design emergency communications and provide both subjective and objective data to support designing emergency communications in this way. In addition, the research evaluates the effectiveness of emergency preparedness leaflets that are routinely distributed to households. This work is of relevance to academics interested in risk communication and to practitioners involved in civil protection and emergency preparedness
What is wrong with 'being a pill-taker'? The special case of statins.
In an interview study of decision-making about statins, many participants said they took pills regularly, yet described themselves as 'not really pill-takers'. This paper explores this paradox and its implications. The practice of pill-taking itself can constitute a challenge to the presentation of moral adequacy, beyond the potential for rendering stigmatised illnesses visible. Meeting this challenge involves a complex process of calibrating often-conflicting moral imperatives: to be concerned, but not too concerned, over one's health; to be informed, but not over-informed; and deferential but not over-deferential to medical expertise. This calibration reflects a broader tension between rival tropes: embracing medical progress and resisting medicalisation. Participants who take statins present them as unquestionably necessary; 'needing' pills, as opposed to choosing to take them, serves as a defence against the devalued identity of being a pill-taker. However, needing to take statins offers an additional threat to identity, because taking statins is widely perceived to be an alternative strategy to 'choosing a healthy lifestyle'. This perception underpins a responsibilising health promotion discourse that shapes and complicates the work participants do to avoid presenting themselves as 'pill-takers'. The salience of this discourse should be acknowledged where discussions of medicalisation use statins as an example
LHC Phenomenology of an Extended Standard Model with a Real Scalar Singlet
Gauge singlet extensions of the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector may help
remedy its theoretical and phenomenological shortcomings while solving
outstanding problems in cosmology. Depending on the symmetries of the scalar
potential, such extensions may provide a viable candidate for the observed
relic density of cold dark matter or a strong first order electroweak phase
transition needed for electroweak baryogenesis. Using the simplest extension of
the SM scalar sector with one real singlet field, we analyze the generic
implications of a singlet-extended scalar sector for Higgs boson phenomenology
at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We consider two broad scenarios: one in
which the neutral SM Higgs and singlet mix and the other in which no mixing
occurs and the singlet can be a dark matter particle. For the first scenario,
we analyze constraints from electroweak precision observables and their
implications for LHC Higgs phenomenology. For models in which the singlet is
stable, we determine the conditions under which it can yield the observed relic
density, compute the cross sections for direct detection in recoil experiments,
and discuss the corresponding signatures at the LHC.Comment: 39 pages, 11 figures, 2 table
Higgs ID at the LHC
We make a complete catalog of extended Higgs sectors involving SU(2)_L
doublets and singlets, subject to natural flavor conservation. In each case we
present the couplings of a light neutral CP-even Higgs state h in terms of the
model parameters, and identify which models are distinguishable in principle
based on this information. We also give explicit expressions for the model
parameters in terms of h couplings and exhibit the behaviors of the couplings
in the limit where the deviations from the Standard Model Higgs couplings are
small. Finally we discuss prospects for differentiation of extended Higgs
models based on measurements at the LHC and ILC and identify the regions in
which these experiments could detect deviations from the SM Higgs predictions.Comment: 46 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, PRD versio
Higgs Sector in Extensions of the MSSM
Extensions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with
additional singlet scalar fields solve the important mu-parameter fine tuning
problem of the MSSM. We compute and compare the neutral Higgs boson mass
spectra, including one-loop corrections, of the following MSSM extensions:
Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), the nearly-Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model (nMSSM), and the U(1)'-extended Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model (UMSSM) by performing scans over model
parameters. We find that the Secluded U(1)'-extended Minimal Supersymmetric
Standard Model (sMSSM) is identical to the nMSSM if three of the additional
scalars decouple. The dominant part of the one-loop corrections are
model-independent since the singlet field does not couple to MSSM particles
other than the Higgs doublets. Thus, model-dependent parameters enter the
masses only at tree-level. We apply constraints from LEP bounds on the Standard
Model and MSSM Higgs boson masses and the MSSM chargino mass, the invisible Z
decay width, and the Z-Z' mixing angle. Some extended models permit a Higgs
boson with mass substantially below the SM LEP limit or above theoretical
limits in the MSSM. Ways to differentiate the models via masses, couplings,
decays and production of the Higgs bosons are discussed.Comment: 65 pages, 15 figures. Figure replaced and typos corrected. Version to
appear in Phys. Rev.
Angoff anchor statements: setting a flawed gold standard?
http://www.mededpublish.org/manuscripts/120
The crystal and molecular structure of 6,6-diphenyl-3,3-diethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane bromide monohydrate
High energy neutrinos from neutralino annihilations in the Sun
Neutralino annihilations in the Sun to weak boson and top quark pairs lead to
high-energy neutrinos that can be detected by the IceCube and KM3 experiments
in the search for neutralino dark matter. We calculate the neutrino signals
from real and virtual WW, ZZ, Zh, and production and decays,
accounting for the spin-dependences of the matrix elements, which can have
important influences on the neutrino energy spectra. We take into account
neutrino propagation including neutrino oscillations, matter-resonance,
absorption, and nu_tau regeneration effects in the Sun and evaluate the
neutrino flux at the Earth. We concentrate on the compelling Focus Point (FP)
region of the supergravity model that reproduces the observed dark matter relic
density. For the FP region, the lightest neutralino has a large bino-higgsino
mixture that leads to a high neutrino flux and the spin-dependent neutralino
capture rate in the Sun is enhanced by 10^3 over the spin-independent rate. For
the standard estimate of neutralino captures, the muon signal rates in IceCube
are identifiable over the atmospheric neutrino background for neutralino masses
above M_Z up to 400 GeV.Comment: 45 pages, 18 figures and 5 tables, PRD versio
A CANDELS - 3D-HST Synergy: Resolved Star Formation Patterns at 0.7 < z < 1.5
We analyze the resolved stellar populations of 473 massive star-forming
galaxies at 0.7 < z < 1.5, with multi-wavelength broad-band imaging from
CANDELS and Halpha surface brightness profiles at the same kiloparsec
resolution from 3D-HST. Together, this unique data set sheds light on how the
assembled stellar mass is distributed within galaxies, and where new stars are
being formed. We find the Halpha morphologies to resemble more closely those
observed in the ACS I band than in the WFC3 H band, especially for the larger
systems. We next derive a novel prescription for Halpha dust corrections, which
accounts for extra extinction towards HII regions. The prescription leads to
consistent SFR estimates and reproduces the observed relation between the
Halpha/UV luminosity ratio and visual extinction, both on a pixel-by-pixel and
on a galaxy-integrated level. We find the surface density of star formation to
correlate with the surface density of assembled stellar mass for spatially
resolved regions within galaxies, akin to the so-called 'main sequence of star
formation' established on a galaxy-integrated level. Deviations from this
relation towards lower equivalent widths are found in the inner regions of
galaxies. Clumps and spiral features, on the other hand, are associated with
enhanced Halpha equivalent widths, bluer colors, and higher specific star
formation rates compared to the underlying disk. Their Halpha/UV luminosity
ratio is lower than that of the underlying disk, suggesting the ACS clump
selection preferentially picks up those regions of elevated star formation
activity that are the least obscured by dust. Our analysis emphasizes that
monochromatic studies of galaxy structure can be severely limited by
mass-to-light ratio variations due to dust and spatially inhomogeneous star
formation histories.Comment: Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal, 18 pages, 1 table, 10 figure
- …