A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Schools in Six Texas Counties

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relative accomplishments of students, on the same academic level in ten selected rural and urban schools, on the basis of attendance, records and grades. It is proposed to find first: the distribution of enrollments, re-enrollments, promotions, retentions and graduations. Second: distribution of averages of tenure, daily attendance, semester pupil-grades, grade subject load, enrollment per grade and the distribution of teachers who kept records on pupil reaction to good citizenship principles. This study was extended to include five high schools and five elementary schools, or elementary departments in high schools. Five ofthe schools selected were urban and five were rural schools. They were located in the six Texas counties as follows: Harris, Montgomery, Walker, Grimes, Brazos and Robertson. The study was based on record found in files in the respective departments for the first semester of the school-year, 1948-49. Questionnaires were also used in securing the information sought

Memahami Kebudayaan Lokal Papua : suatu Pendekatan Pembangunan yang Manusiawi di Tanah Papua

Tulisan bertujuan untuk memberi pemahaman kepada pemerintah agar dalam membangun orang Papua haruslah menggunakan pendekatan budaya dari pada menggunakan pendekatan keamanan yang tidak akan menyelesaikan masalah sosialnya. Orang Papua terdiri dari 254 suku bangsa yang mendiami 4 zona ekologis, yaitu : (1) zona rawa, pantai dan sepanjang aliran sungai; (2) zona dataran tinggi; (3) zona kaki gunung dan lembah-lembah kecil; dan (4) zona dataran rendah, pesisir dan kepulauan. Orang Papua tersebar mendiami 4 zona tersbut, sehingga untuk membangun mereka tidak bisa menyamaratakan mereka karena karekteristikan budaya mereka berbeda sesuai dengan zona yang mereka diami. Dikemukakan pula beberapa kasus pembangunan yang gagal akibat dari pembangunan yang sifatnya top down sehingga bertentangan dengan karakteristik budaya mereka yang telah dibangun sejak nenek moyang mereka. Melalui tulisan ini, pendekatan budaya disarankan harus digunakan sebagai media pembangunan paling penting untuk suatu Perubahan

Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture

A book chapter on small holder agricultural commercialization in Zimbabwe.Smallholder commercialization has been a long drawn out process in both the colonial and post-colonial period. Colonial rule in 1890 saw the emergence of the large-scale commercial farming sector, consisting of white settlers alongside a subsistence smallholder fanning sector composed of blacks. The white large-scale commercial fanning sector received unqualified government political and policy support to raise agricultural production and productivity, largely at the expense of the smallholder farming sector. This scenario persisted until the attainment of independence in 1980. The agricultural thrust of the majority rule government was to increase productivity in the smallholder sector while maintaining production on large-scale commercial farms. In this regard, the government focused on empowering smallholder farmers through research and extension, establishing marketing depots in communal areas, and providing favorable pricing policies to increase agricultural production. This policy thrust contributed to the agricultural revolution of the 1980s and 1990s. Smallholder farmers have transformed themselves from subsistence to commercial producers of a number of key agricultural enterprises over the last 20 year

The New Student Politics Curriculum Guide

The New Student Politics: The Wingspread Statement on Student Civic Engagement (2002) can be assigned as a text in a political science service-learning course that has as an explicit course objective the exploration of contemporary conceptions of citizenship, or a sociology service-learning course that focuses on community building and social transformation. Additionally, the text can be incorporated in service-learning courses across the disciplines with the aid of The New Student Politics Curriculum Guide. The Curriculum Guide is designed to provide a structure for engaging students in reflection on their community service experiences in a way that allows for the exploration of the connections between service and politics, the purposes of their education and their work in community, and their role as participants in the civic life of American democracy. The structured reflection provided in the Curriculum Guide recognizes that all disciplinary competence is infused with an element of civic awareness and purpose, or as William Sullivan has written, there is no viable pursuit of technical excellence without participation in those civic enterprises through which expertise discovers its human meaning. The Curriculum Guide delves deeper into the concept of service politics introduced in The New Student Politics, provides a guide to including civic engagement reflection in service-learning courses, and includes concrete tools for reflection on student civic engagement

Tempat Bertelur Penyu Di Pulau Salibabu Kabupaten Talaud

Penyu telah dinyatakan sebagai zatwa lindung, namun tempat bertelur penyu terabaikan dalam pengelolaan wilayah pantai dan pesisir; dampaknya, tempat bertelur penyu mengalami gangguan bahkan penyusutan akibat konversi lahan wilayah pantai untuk berbagai Peruntukkan. Penyu meletakkan telur di mintakat pantai di atas garis pasang tertinggi di wilayah di mana mereka ditetaskan. Tempat bertelur penyu pada umumnya belum terdokumentasi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan dan mendiskripsi keadaan umum lokasi bertelur penyu di Pulau Salibabu, Talaud. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan warga lokal yang pada umumnya bermukim di wilayah pesisir. Warga lokal mengenal tiga jenis penyu yakni penyu hijau atau C. mydas, penyu sisik atau E. imbricate dan penyu belimbing atau D. coriacea. Di Pulau Salibabu tercatat sepuluh tempat bertelur yakni Pantai Kalongan, Pantai Pasir Panjang, Pantai Rammenna, Pantai Matandikka, Pantai Apai, Pantai Tarawatta, Patai Dingkaren, Pantai Pasir Putih, Pantai Lairre, Pantai Batupengan. Letak tempat bertelur tersebut pada umumnya di luar wilayah pemukiman. Posisi geografis setiap lokasi bertelur penyu dicatat dan telah dipetahkan. Vegetasi yang tumbuh di sekitar lokasi sarang didominasi oleh pohon Kelapa (C. nucifera), Pandan Pantai (P. tectorius). Sedimen pasir berwarna putih dan berdasarkan ukuran butir termasuk kategori pasir sedang. Lokasi bertelur penyu patut dijadikan kawasan konservasi

Brucea Javanica Leaf Extract Induced Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HSC2) Cells by Attenuation of Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability

BACKGROUND: Brucea javanica extract has been reported to have anti-proliferative and cell death induction activities. B. javanica extract was reported to induce apoptosis through caspase cascade. Most of investigated B. javanica extracts were derived from seeds and fruits, or commercially available oil emulsion. Therefore we conducted a study on B. javanica leaf extract (BJLE) in oral cancer cells.METHODS: B. javanica leaves were collected, identified, minced, dried, extracted with distilled ethanol at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered and evaporated. Resulted BJLE was stored at 4°C. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC)-2 cells were fasted for 12 hours and treated with BJLE in various concentrations for 24 hours. Cells were then quantified with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, demonstrated with 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. To find out mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) was analyzed.RESULTS: BJLE reduced percentage of viable HSC-2 cells in a concentration dependent manner. BJLE induced apoptosis in HSC-2 cells. With treatment of 50 μg/ml BJLE, fragmented nuclei were seen. ΔΨM of HSC-2 cells treated with 50 μg/ml BJLE were shifted to the left, meaning that BJLE induced reduction of ΔΨM and attenuation of MMP.CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that BJLE could induce apoptosis by attenuating MMP

Closing the loop in child TB contact management: completion of TB preventive therapy outcomes in western Kenya

SETTING: Children especially those \u3c 5 years of age exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are at a high risk of severe TB disease and death. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) has been shown to decrease disease progression by up to 90%. Kenya, a high TB burden country experiences numerous operational challenges that limit implementation of TB preventive services. IPT completion in child contacts is not routinely reported in Kenya. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review the child contact management (CCM) cascade and present IPT outcomes across 10 clinics in western Kenya. DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of programmatic data of a TB Reach-funded active, clinic-based CCM strategy. RESULTS: Of 553 child contacts screened, 231 (42%) were reported symptomatic. 74 (13%) of the child contacts were diagnosed with active TB disease. Of those eligible for IPT, 427 (90%) initiated IPT according to TB REACH project data while 249 (58%) were recorded in the IPT register with 49 (11%) recorded as a transfer to other facilities. Of the 249 recorded in the IPT register, 205 (82%) were documented to complete therapy (48% of project initiation children). CONCLUSION: Our evaluation shows gaps in the routine CCM care cascade related to completeness of documentation that require further programmatic monitoring and evaluation to improve CCM outcomes

An Integrated Model for Graduate Training in Sociological Practice: The School of Community Service at the University of North Texas

This article contains a description of a model for training in sociological practice at the School of Community Service at the University of North Texas This model for training is predicated upon four themes in sociological practice: interventionist, multidisciplmary, humane, and holistic The article also contains a description and a discussion of various academic programs within the School which provide training with respect to these four theme