Energetic Values And Performace Of Broilers Feeding Sorghum And Soybean Meal Based Diets Supplemented With β-glucanase And β-xylanase

Grains, brans, and vegetable meals may contain non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which increases viscosity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and determine the metabolizable energy of a sorghum-based broiler diet with and without the supplementation of an enzymatic complex. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 1200 chickens, using sorghum-based feed with and without the addition of 50 g of enzyme-CCE complex (β-glucanase and β-xylanase), and with two levels of metabolizable energy (ME kg-1): ME; ME + CCE; reduced ME (-50 kcal kg-1); and reduced ME + CCE. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance and the means were compared using a Tukey's test at the 5% significance level. At 42 and 47 days of age, the living weight of the birds fed with the reduced ME was low, while birds fed with reduced ME + CCE had the same weight as those fed with other energy diets (ME and ME + CCE). Feed conversion was poorest at 47 days of age for the birds on reduced ME diet. In the metabolic test (with fattening diets) to determine AME and AMEn, the reduced ME diet had the lowest result, confirming the effect of the addition of enzymes. The addition of CCE to sorghum-based diets provides enough enzymatic activity to increase the metabolizable energy of the diet (50 kcal of AME) and influence the growth performance of broilers at the slaughtering age.37295996

Enhanced Productivity in Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis under Continuous Flow Conditions: Combination of Immobilized Lipases from Porcine Pancreas and Candida antarctica (CALB) on Epoxy Resins

Among several value-added products from glycerol, glyceryl carbonate (GC) has gained prominence during the recent years because of its attractive physicochemical properties and the wide range of industrial applications. As a continuation of our efforts on GC production under environmentally benign conditions, in this work, we have applied a combination of two new biocatalysts containing lipases from porcine pancreas and Candida antarctica immobilized on epoxy resins for GC production via an integrated reaction between triacylglycerol and dimethyl carbonate under both batch and packed-bed reactors. Under continuous flow conditions, the 1:1 (w/w) combination of the home-made immobilized biocatalysts was able to lead to complete conversion of GC with >99% selectivity against 88% demonstrated by the commercial preparation Novozym 435. The new continuous flow biocatalytic system demonstrated a final productivity of 16 × 10–2 g of GC/h/U of the biocatalyst

Caffeinated and decaffeinated instant coffee consumption partially reverses high-fat diet-induced metabolic alterations in mice

Epidemiological data has associated coffee consumption with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and chronic liver disease. However, the mechanisms and coffee substances responsible for these effects remain unclear. In the present study, mice received caffeinated or decaffeinated instant coffee ad libitum during a two week period after inducing obesity by introducing a high-fat diet over a 10 week period. Body weight, glucose homeostasis, and liver and visceral adipose tissue inflammation were assessed. In addition, AKT signaling, the fatty acid profile and liver histopathological analyses were performed. Ingestion of caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee for 2 weeks resulted in reductions in glucose and insulin blood levels, and insulin tolerance was improved without reductions in final body weight or adiposity. Only caffeinated coffee modified the adipokine profile in visceral adipose tissue, resulting in a restoration of adiponectin levels. However, deleterious liver alterations, which manifested as reductions in steatosis, inhibition of iNOS expression and restoration of insulin inducing-AKT phosphorylation, were reversed by the ingestion of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Serum AST and ALT levels were also improved in mice after coffee ingestion, while the fatty acid profile in the liver and the cytokine profiles in adipose and liver tissues were not altered by coffee ingestion. Thus, instant coffee consumption reverses obesity-induced alterations in mice, and our results corroborate those of epidemiological studies that associated coffee consumption with a lower prevalence of obesity-related pathologies6112012

Condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio do exsudato de grãos de café: alguns fatores que podem influenciar essas avaliações Potassium leaching and eletric conductivity of grain coffee (Coffea arabica L.) exsudate: some factors that may affect these evaluations

Os procedimentos de avaliação comercial da qualidade do café são baseados em parâmetros subjetivos, pois dependem de sensações e habilidades pessoais, adquiridas com muitos anos de experiência. Assim, a complementação dos procedimentos em uso com a adoção de métodos físicos e químicos tornaria mais objetiva a determinação da qualidade do café. A determinação da condutividade elétrica e da lixiviação de potássio dos grãos tem sido considerada por vários pesquisadores como bons indicadores da integridade do sistema de membranas celulares. Porém, vários fatores podem influenciar essas avaliações. Diante desse contexto foi montado um experimento para avaliar alguns fatores que podem influenciar na determinação da condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio de exsudatos de grãos de café. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a influência do tamanho dos grãos e dos tipos de defeitos na determinação da condutividade elétrica e a lixiviação de potássio. Amostras de café (Coffea arabica L), cultivar Acaiá do Cerrado MG 1474 foram submetidas a estas análises. Em relação ao tamanho dos grãos de café sem a retirada de defeitos, verificou-se que as menores peneiras apresentaram maiores valores de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio, o que não foi observado quando se retiraram os defeitos dessas amostras. Em relação aos defeitos verificou-se a seguinte ordem crescente de condutividade elétrica: grãos normais, verdes, brocados e ardidos semelhantes aos pretos. Em relação à lixiviação de potássio, verificou-se o mesmo comportamento, com exceção dos grãos verdes e brocados que apresentaram valores semelhantes. A presença de grãos defeituosos influencia de maneira significativa as determinações de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio de exsudatos de grãos, podendo fornecer interpretações inadequadas quanto à qualidade do café analisado.<br>Commercial coffee (Coffea arabica L.) quality evaluation procedures are based on subjective parameters, once depend on personal abilities and sensitivity, acquired after many years of experience. So in order to complement these analysis physical and chemical methods are also used to support the results. Firstly an experiment was installed to evaluate some factors that may influence in grain coffee exsudates, potassium leaching and electric conductivity determination. Grain coffee size and defects affect potassium leaching and electric conductivity in coffee cultivar, Acaia Cerrado MG 1474. A coffee grain sample, with no defective grain removal showed at the lower sieves, higher eletric conductivity and potassium leaching values. However, pulling back defective grains those values were not observed. There was a gradative increase in electric conductivity in grain coffee as follow: normal, greens and bored grains and also fermented as black grains. In relation to potassium leaching there were no differences, excepted to green and bored grains that had similar values. These results suggest that defective coffee grain might affect in significant way the electric conductivity and potassium leaching of esxudate of grains, and could cause inadequate interpretations related to quality of the analyzed coffee