567 research outputs found
MORPH: A Reference Architecture for Configuration and Behaviour Self-Adaptation
An architectural approach to self-adaptive systems involves runtime change of
system configuration (i.e., the system's components, their bindings and
operational parameters) and behaviour update (i.e., component orchestration).
Thus, dynamic reconfiguration and discrete event control theory are at the
heart of architectural adaptation. Although controlling configuration and
behaviour at runtime has been discussed and applied to architectural
adaptation, architectures for self-adaptive systems often compound these two
aspects reducing the potential for adaptability. In this paper we propose a
reference architecture that allows for coordinated yet transparent and
independent adaptation of system configuration and behaviour
Psychological Bulletin, 121(2), 219â245.
personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits
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Debiasing Decisions. Improved Decision Making With A Single Training Intervention
From failures of intelligence analysis to misguided beliefs about vaccinations, biased judgment and decision making contributes to problems in policy, business, medicine, law, and private life. Early attempts to reduce decision biases with training met with little success, leading scientists and policy makers to focus on debiasing by using incentives and changes in the presentation and elicitation of decisions. We report the results of two longitudinal experiments that found medium to large effects of one-shot debiasing training interventions. Participants received a single training intervention, played a computer game or watched an instructional video, which addressed biases critical to intelligence analysis (in Experiment 1: bias blind spot, confirmation bias, and fundamental attribution error; in Experiment 2: anchoring, representativeness, and social projection). Both kinds of interventions produced medium to large debiasing effects immediately (games â„ -31.94% and videos â„ -18.60%) that persisted at least 2 months later (games â„ -23.57% and videos â„ -19.20%). Games, which provided personalized feedback and practice, produced larger effects than did videos. Debiasing effects were domain-general: bias reduction occurred across problems in different contexts, and problem formats that were taught and not taught in the interventions. The results suggest that a single training intervention can improve decision making. We suggest its use alongside improved incentives, information presentation, and nudges to reduce costly errors associated with biased judgments and decisions
Awareness of health effects of cooking smoke among women in the Gondar Region of Ethiopia: a pilot survey
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
Terror from behind the keyboard: conceptualising faceless detractors and guarantors of security in cyberspace
By reflecting on active public-domain government documents and statements, this article seeks to develop securitisation theoryâs articulation of the dichotomy between legitimate and illegitimate violence as it is reflected in British government policy. This dichotomy has (re)developed through a process wherein GCHQ and MI5 are portrayed as âfaceless guarantorsâ of security, in Manichean juxtaposition to the discursively-created phantom cyberterrorists, who are presented as âfaceless detractorsâ of security. It has previously been stated that the terrorism discourse associated with the present âWar on Terrorâ is attributed, in part, to mechanics of fantasy. I argue that, within the securitised discourse of cyberterrorism, the limits of fantasy possesses a murky nuance, which in turn, allows for a deeper - or at least more entrenched - securitisation. The official discourse surrounding the intelligence servicesâ online surveillance apparatus operates with a similar opaque quality, but this is upheld by securitising actors as a strength to be maintained
Community action: value or instrument? An ethics and planning critical review
The community concept has maintained a constant and growing interest in urban studies and many related fields. The
origin of this continuing interest seems to derive from the importance of the concept of community within diverse forms of political
language and interpretations within different planning practices. In this contribution, through the analysis of different ethical and
planning theories, we want to provide an update framework on community action. According to this objective, the argumentation
will proceed through a literature review on four ethics theories and three key aspects related to spatial planning, as well as matching this theoretical analysis with exemplifying practices. The final objective is to provide an original analysis on drivers and outcomesof different forms of community, raising general issues that refer to spatial planning, social organization and regulation
Implications of climate change for shipping: Ports and supply chains
Ports are an important economic actorâat local, national, and international scalesâthat have been identified as being vulnerable to future changes to the climate. This paper details the findings from an international review of stateâofâtheâart knowledge concerning climate risks, and adaptation responses, for ports and their supply chains. Evidence from both academic and gray literature indicates that there has already been major damage and disruption to ports across the world from climateârelated hazards and that such impacts are projected to increase in the years and decades to come. Findings indicate that while a substantialâand growingâbody of scientific evidence on coastal risks and potential adaptation options is acting as a stimulus for port authorities to explicitly consider the risks for their assets and operations, only a notable few have actually made the next step toward implementing adaptation strategies. This paper concludes by putting forward constructive recommendations for the sector and suggestions for research to address remaining knowledge gaps. It emphasizes a call for collaboration between the research and practice communities, as well as the need to engage a broad range of stakeholders in the adaptation planning process
Dynamic Landscapes, Emerging Territories
As a result of the pressing environmental and technological conditions dominant
today, new frontiers for architectural production are emerging. Fueled
by accelerated change and increased connectivity, these trajectories operate
across multiple scales and domains. The evolving relationship between place,
technology, and occupancy formulates a complex active structure that tends
to have fluctuating levels of activity and impact. These conditions are giving
way to hybridized settings where the interdependence of digital and analog is
altering the very politics of place and identity. In response to the prevalence
of amalgamated settings, the paradigm of âDynamic Landscapes, Emerging
Territoriesâ is presented.
Dynamic Landscapes have definitions and presence in multiple locations
simultaneously, requiring new methods of documentation and assessment
in order to conceive appropriate design responses. The paper uses the Syrian
Refugee Crisis as a case study for deciphering the implications inherent in displacement
in the context of dynamic landscapes. Furthermore, it presents an opportunity to think of new architectural trajectories rooted and driven by the
animation of such sites. Inherently dynamic, forced displacement presents rich emerging territories where design carries significant impact and facilitates a
tangible reassessment of a refugeeâs narrative. Supported by robust information networks and active feedback loops, displaced landscapes as such can learn
from their residents and inform their imminent futures specifically, as well as
our collective human occupancy at large.
Within constantly changing milieus, architectureâs premises and processes are being challenged to respond to fluctuating contexts and provide for transient occupancies. While some may see this as a loss of spatial agency when it comes to design, these conditions present an opportunity to think of new architectural trajectories that are rooted and driven by the dynamism of multilayered landscapes and new approaches towards practice
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