Evaluation of the end-of-life of electric vehicle batteries according to the state-of-health

As a result of monitoring thousands of electric vehicle charges around Europe, this study builds statistical distributions that model the amount of energy necessary for trips between charges, showing that most of trips are within the range of electric vehicle even when the battery degradation reaches the end-of-life, commonly accepted to be 80% State of Health. According to these results, this study analyses how far this End-of-Life can be pushed forward using statistical methods and indicating the provability of failing to fulfill the electric vehicle (EV) owners’ daily trip needsPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

How building and district algorithms enhance renewable energy integration in energy markets

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting /republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksThis study shows the results of the SABINA H2020 project, which analyzes the effect of two level optimization algorithms to increase the consumption of renewable power sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. First, at building level, a building algorithm maximizes the self-consumption of generated energy by its own renewable power sources. Second, at district level, a market integrated district algorithm takes into account aspects related to the electricity grid, such as the electricity generation mix and the prices of electricity and ancillary services, and aggregates the energy flexibility forecast of buildings to minimize the overall CO 2 emissions while ensuring a cost reduction to prosumersPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

On surface tension for compact stars

In an earlier treatment it was demonstrated that general relativity gives higher values of surface tension in strange stars with quark matter than neutron stars.We generate the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation to incorporate anisotropic matter and use this to show that pressure anisotropy provides for a wide range of behaviour in the surface tension than is the case with isotropic pressures. In particular it is possible that anisotropy drastically decreases the value of the surface tension.Comment: 8 pages, To appear in J. Astrophys. Astro

Spherically symmetric dissipative anisotropic fluids: A general study

The full set of equations governing the evolution of self--gravitating spherically symmetric dissipative fluids with anisotropic stresses is deployed and used to carry out a general study on the behaviour of such systems, in the context of general relativity. Emphasis is given to the link between the Weyl tensor, the shear tensor, the anisotropy of the pressure and the density inhomogeneity. In particular we provide the general, necessary and sufficient, condition for the vanishing of the spatial gradients of energy density, which in turn suggests a possible definition of a gravitational arrow of time. Some solutions are also exhibited to illustrate the discussion.Comment: 28 pages Latex. To appear in Phys.Rev.

Policy Challenges for the Development of Energy Flexibility Services

European energy policies call for an increased share of renewable energy sources and a more active role of the energy consumer. This is facilitated by, amongst others, buildings becoming energy flexible hubs, supporting smart energy grids with demand response strategies. While there is abundant technical research in this field, the related business and policy development is less well documented. This research scopes existing policy programmes and identifies opportunities and barriers to business development supporting energy flexible buildings. Using examples from seven European countries, this work reviews influencing niche management factors such as existing policy instruments, business development cases and identified stakeholder concerns, using literature research, narrative analysis and stakeholder research. National policy pathways show many differences but confirm that European buildings might become active players in the energy market, by providing energy storage, demand response and/or shifts in the use of energy sources. Slow sustained business development for energy flexibility services was mainly identified in the retail industry, and for energy service companies and aggregators. The direct involvement of end users in energy flexible buildings is still difficult. Stakeholders call for policy improvement, especially concerning the development of flexible energy tariffs, supporting incentives, awareness raising and more stakeholder-targeted business development

Proposed atomic cascade experimental test of symmetric local hidden-variables theories

The proposal is made of replacing the usual auxiliary assumptions needed for the derivation of testable Bell inequalities by an assumption resting only on symmetry considerations. It is shown that reliable atomic cascade tests of symmetric local hidden-variables theories should combine high statistics, cascades of type 0→1→0, and calcite polarizers. The three conditions have been achieved in experiments already performed, but never before simultaneously

Nano-based approved pharmaceuticals for cancer treatment : present and future challenges

Altres ajuts: RICORS RD21/0012/0001 (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund, "A way to make Europe"); Fundación Mutua Madrileña (FMMA) through the project "Targeted therapy for selective elimination of metastatic stem cells CXCR4+ in endometrial cancer" (AP1666942017); Asociación Española contra el cancer (AECC) through the project "Development of an antitumor protein delivery system into ovarian cancer cells using the subcellular vault" (IDEAS18038BENI)Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. To date, and despite the advances in conventional treatment options, therapy in cancer is still far from optimal due to the non-specific systemic biodistribution of antitumor agents. The inadequate drug concentrations at the tumor site led to an increased incidence of multiple drug resistance and the appearance of many severe unde-sirable side effects. Nanotechnology, through the development of nanoscale-based pharmaceuticals, has emerged to provide new and innovative drugs to overcome these limitations. In this review, we provide an overview of the approved nanomedicine for cancer treatment and the rationale behind their designs and applications. We also highlight the new approaches that are currently under investigation and the perspectives and challenges for nanopharmaceuticals, focusing on the tumor microenvironment and tumor disseminate cells as the most attractive and effective strategies for cancer treatments

Risk of malignant lymphoma associated with human herpesvirus-8: a case–control study in Spain

No overall increased risk of lymphoma associated with antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 was found in 526 lymphomas and 599 controls (odds ratio (OR)=1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.62-1.75); significant increases were noted for 19 lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (OR=4.47, 95% CI=1.34-14.85) and nine low-grade lymphoma/lymphoma B-cell NOS (OR=5.82, 95% CI=1.07-31.73)