733 research outputs found
Nonstationary Teleconnection Between the Pacific Ocean and Arctic Sea Ice
Over the last 40 years observations show a teleconnection between summertime Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures and September Arctic sea ice extent. However, the short satellite observation record has made it difficult to further examine this relationship. Here, we use 30 fully coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to assess the ability of GCMs to simulate this teleconnection and analyze its stationarity over longer timescales. GCMs can temporarily simulate the teleconnection in continuous 40âyear segments but not over longer, centennial timescales. Each GCM exhibits considerable teleconnection variability on multidecadal timescales. Further analysis shows that the teleconnection depends on an equally nonstationary atmospheric bridge from the subequatorial Pacific Ocean to the upper Arctic troposphere. These findings indicate that the modulation of Arctic sea ice loss by subequatorial Pacific Ocean variability is not fixed in time, undermining the assumption of teleconnection stationarity as defined by the satellite record
Nonstationary Teleconnection Between the Pacific Ocean and Arctic Sea Ice
Over the last 40 years observations show a teleconnection between summertime Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures and September Arctic sea ice extent. However, the short satellite observation record has made it difficult to further examine this relationship. Here, we use 30 fully coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to assess the ability of GCMs to simulate this teleconnection and analyze its stationarity over longer timescales. GCMs can temporarily simulate the teleconnection in continuous 40âyear segments but not over longer, centennial timescales. Each GCM exhibits considerable teleconnection variability on multidecadal timescales. Further analysis shows that the teleconnection depends on an equally nonstationary atmospheric bridge from the subequatorial Pacific Ocean to the upper Arctic troposphere. These findings indicate that the modulation of Arctic sea ice loss by subequatorial Pacific Ocean variability is not fixed in time, undermining the assumption of teleconnection stationarity as defined by the satellite record
The canonical 8-form on manifolds with holonomy group Spin(9)
An explicit expression of the canonical 8-form on a Riemannian manifold with
a Spin(9)-structure, in terms of the nine local symmetric involutions involved,
is given. The list of explicit expressions of all the canonical forms related
to Berger's list of holonomy groups is thus completed. Moreover, some results
on Spin(9)-structures as G-structures defined by a tensor and on the curvature
tensor of the Cayley planes, are obtained
Evaluating the climate effects of mid-1800s deforestation in New England, USA, using a Weather, Research, and Forecasting (WRF) Model Multi-Physics Ensemble
The New England region of the northeastern United States has a land use history characterized by forest clearing for agriculture and other uses during European colonization and subsequent reforestation following widespread farm abandonment. Despite these broad changes, the potential influence on local and regional climate has received relatively little attention. This study investigated wintertime (December through March) climate impacts of reforestation in New England using a high-resolution (4 km) multiphysics ensemble of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. In general, the conversion from mid-1800s cropland/grassland to forest led to warming, but results were sensitive to physics parameterizations. The 2-m maximum temperature (T2max) was most sensitive to choice of land surface model, 2-m minimum temperature (T2min) was sensitive to radiation scheme, and all ensemble members simulated precipitation poorly. Reforestation experiments suggest that conversion of mid-1800s cropland/grassland to present-day forest warmed T2max +0.5 to +3 K, with weaker warming during a warm, dry winter compared to a cold, snowy winter. Warmer T2max over forests was primarily the result of increased absorbed shortwave radiation and increased sensible heat flux compared to cropland/grassland. At night, T2min warmed +0.2 to +1.5 K where deciduous broadleaf forest replaced cropland/grassland, a result of decreased ground heat flux. By contrast, T2min of evergreen needleleaf forest cooled â0.5 to â2.1 K, primarily owing to increased ground heat flux and decreased sensible heat flux
Dos Stipa de la AmĂ©rica del Sud que desarrollan ĂĄcido cianhĂdrico
Hace pocos años no se conocĂan Gramineas toxicas. M. A Jorissen es el primero que ha demostrado que la Glycena aquatica (Lin.) Wahlb produce ĂĄcido cianhĂdrico por desdoblamiento de las materias azoadas en reserva, en las cĂ©lulas de esta planta. MĂĄs tarde, M. M. Dunstan y Henry han observado el mismo fenĂłmeno en el Sorghum vulgare Pers, que segĂșn informaciones de Egipto constituĂa en ciertas circunstancias un peligro para el ganado de ese paĂs. M. M Dunstan y Henry atribuyen ese desarrollo de ĂĄcido cianhĂdrico ĂĄ la acciĂłn de una una materia idĂ©ntica ĂĄ la emulsina de las almendra amargas sobre un glucĂłsido que han aislado y que llaman dhurrina.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale
Exploring the axion potential and axion walls in dense quark matter
We study the potential of the Quantum Chromodynamics axion in hot and/or
dense quark matter, within a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-like model that includes the
coupling of the axion to quarks. Differently from previous studies, we
implement local electrical neutrality and equilibrium, which are
relevant for the description of the quark matter in the core of compact stellar
objects. Firstly we compute the effects of the chiral crossover on the axion
mass and self-coupling. We find that the low energy properties of axion are
very sensitive to the phase transition of Quantum Chromodynamics, in
particular, when the bulk quark matter is close to criticality. Then, for the
first time in the literature we compute the axion potential at finite quark
chemical potential and study the axion domain walls in bulk quark matter. We
find that the energy barrier between two adjacent vacuum states decrease in the
chirally restored phase: this results in a lower surface tension of the walls.
Finally, we comment on the possibility of production of walls in dense quark
matter.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Moduli spaces of G2 manifolds
This paper is a review of current developments in the study of moduli spaces
of G2 manifolds. G2 manifolds are 7-dimensional manifolds with the exceptional
holonomy group G2. Although they are odd-dimensional, in many ways they can be
considered as an analogue of Calabi-Yau manifolds in 7 dimensions. They play an
important role in physics as natural candidates for supersymmetric vacuum
solutions of M-theory compactifications. Despite the physical motivation, many
of the results are of purely mathematical interest. Here we cover the basics of
G2 manifolds, local deformation theory of G2 structures and the local geometry
of the moduli spaces of G2 structures.Comment: 31 pages, 2 figure
Self-Duality in D <= 8-dimensional Euclidean Gravity
In the context of D-dimensional Euclidean gravity, we define the natural
generalisation to D-dimensions of the self-dual Yang-Mills equations, as
duality conditions on the curvature 2-form of a Riemannian manifold. Solutions
to these self-duality equations are provided by manifolds of SU(2), SU(3), G_2
and Spin(7) holonomy. The equations in eight dimensions are a master set for
those in lower dimensions. By considering gauge fields propagating on these
self-dual manifolds and embedding the spin connection in the gauge connection,
solutions to the D-dimensional equations for self-dual Yang-Mills fields are
found. We show that the Yang-Mills action on such manifolds is topologically
bounded from below, with the bound saturated precisely when the Yang-Mills
field is self-dual. These results have a natural interpretation in
supersymmetric string theory.Comment: 9 pages, Latex, factors in eqn. (6) corrected, acknowledgement and
reference added, typos fixe
Composition algebras and the two faces of
We consider composition and division algebras over the real numbers: We note
two r\^oles for the group : as automorphism group of the octonions and
as the isotropy group of a generic 3-form in 7 dimensions. We show why they are
equivalent, by means of a regular metric. We express in some diagrams the
relation between some pertinent groups, most of them related to the octonions.
Some applications to physics are also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
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