Respuesta de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) a la fertilización con nitrógeno y aplicación de composta.

The effects of municipal biosolid yard-waste compost and fertilizer N applications on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth, yield and fruit quality were evaluated in Lajas (Typic Haplusterts) and Juana Díaz (Cumulic Haplustolls) (Fortuna Substation), Puerto Rico, for three years. In Fortuna, an initial application of compost at 50 t/ha significantly improved yields over those in unamended soil, yet a second application of compost the following year at 50 and 100 t/ha, reduced yields. No residual effect of compost on tomato yields was detected the third year. In Fortuna, levels of N fertilization did not significantly affect tomato yields, growth or quality, except in the third year, when tomato yields were significantly higher in soils fertilized with 75 kg N/ha than yields from unfertilized soil. At Lajas, there was a significant crop response to fertilizer N in one of the two site years, when crop response to initial fertilizer N application was evaluated. Compost addition in Lajas did not improve yields or plant agronomic components for the first year of cropping tomato. The use of the SPAD chlorophyll meter may be a useful N diagnostic tool for tomato grown under drip irrigation and polyethylene mulch. In general, maximum SPAD values coincided with maximum yields, depending on the hybrid or variety planted; treatment effects were adequately separated out. The economic optimum N rate was relatively insensitive to fertilizer and tomato price fluctuations in the range selected. The calculated optimum N rate to achieve 99% yield goals was 143 kg N/ha, at sites with initial N application in Lajas, and 165 kg N/ha, respectively, for second and third applications of N in Fortuna, with maximum yields near 54 t/ha.Por tres años se evaluaron los efectos de composta producida a partir de residuos vegetales y biosólidos, y de nitrógeno inorgánico en el crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad de fruta de tomate en las Subestaciones de Lajas (Typic Haplusterts) y Juana Díaz (Cumulic Haplustolls) (Subestación de Fortuna), Puerto Rico. En Fortuna, la aplicación de 50 t/ha aumentó el rendimiento sobre suelo sin enmendar pero una segunda aplicación de 50 y 100 t/ha redujo los rendimientos. No hubo un efecto residual de la composta en el tercer año. Los niveles de fertilización no incrementaron significativamente los rendimientos excepto en el tercer año, cuando los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron con la aplicación de 75 kg N/ha en forma de fertilizante inorgánico. En Lajas, hubo respuesta a la fertilización inicial en uno de los dos sitios-años. La adición de composta no mejoró los rendimientos ni los componentes agronómicos del tomate. El uso del medidor de clorofila SPAD puede ser útil para la producción de tomate cultivado en bancos elevados, con plástico y riego por goteo porque los valores máximos de SPAD coincidieron con los mayores rendimientos obtenidos. La medida sirvió para evaluar el efecto de los tratamientos, aunque los resultados dependen de la variedad o híbrido utilizado. El nivel óptimo económico obtenido fue poco sensitivo a los precios de fertilizante y tomate seleccionado. El nivel óptimo de fertilización de N para obtener el 99% de rendimiento máximo fue 143 kg N/ha en áreas que recibieron aplicaciones iniciales de N en Lajas, y 165 kg N/ha en áreas con más de un año bajo el cultivo de tomate en Fortuna, con rendimientos cerca de 54 t/ha

Protein-Signaled Guided Bone Regeneration Using Titanium Mesh and Rh-BMP2 in Oral Surgery: A Case Report Involving Left Mandibular Reconstruction after Tumor Resection

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is an osteoinductive protein approved for use in oral and maxillofacial defect reconstruction. Growth factors act as mediators of cellular growth on morphogenesis and mythogenesis phases. Utilized as recombinant proteins, these growth factors need the presence of local target cells capable of obtaining the required results. This cell population may be present at the wound site or added to scaffolding material before implantation at the surgical site

A global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in neonatal intensive care units: The no-more-antibiotics and resistance (NO-MAS-R) study

Background: Global assessment of antimicrobial agents prescribed to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Methods: We conducted a one-day global point prevalence study of all antimicrobials provided to NICU infants. Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were obtained including NICU level, census, birth weight, gestational/chronologic age, diagnoses, antimicrobial therapy (reason for use; length of therapy), antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and 30-day in-hospital mortality. Findings: On July 1, 2019, 26 of infants (580/2,265; range, 0�100; median gestational age, 33 weeks; median birth weight, 1800 g) in 84 NICUs (51, high-income; 33, low-to-middle income) from 29 countries (14, high-income; 15, low-to-middle income) in five continents received �1 antimicrobial agent (92, antibacterial; 19, antifungal; 4, antiviral). The most common reasons for antibiotic therapy were �rule-out� sepsis (32) and �culture-negative� sepsis (16) with ampicillin (40), gentamicin (35), amikacin (19), vancomycin (15), and meropenem (9) used most frequently. For definitive treatment of presumed/confirmed infection, vancomycin (26), amikacin (20), and meropenem (16) were the most prescribed agents. Length of therapy for culture-positive and �culture-negative� infections was 12 days (median; IQR, 8�14) and 7 days (median; IQR, 5�10), respectively. Mortality was 6 (42, infection-related). An NICU ASP was associated with lower rate of antibiotic utilization (p = 0·02). Interpretation: Global NICU antibiotic use was frequent and prolonged regardless of culture results. NICU-specific ASPs were associated with lower antibiotic utilization rates, suggesting the need for their implementation worldwide. Funding: Merck & Co.; The Ohio State University College of Medicine Barnes Medical Student Research Scholarship © 2021 The Author

INFLUENCE OF IMMATURE COMPOST ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

Economics often encourage utilization of compost without a curing period. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) transplants were set into field plots 4,11, 19, 35, and 70 days after incorporation of uncured biosolids/yard trimming compost at 135 tha1, Dry weights of plants in control (nocompost) plots from the first transplant date and fresh weights of plants from the last transplant date were greater than from compost plots. Fruit yields of control and compost plots were similar. In greenhouse flats, mean days to emergence were similar between treatments, and total emergence percentages in compost were lower than in a sandy field soil, but similar to a commercial peat-lite germination mix, Seedling shoot weights were similar between treatments, but root weight was lower in the peat-lite mix than in compost or soil. In general, utilization of the uncured compost was not detrimental to tomato plant growth or fruit yields

Influence of Timing on the Horizontal Stability of Connective Tissue Grafts for Buccal Soft Tissue Augmentation at Single Implants : a Prospective Controlled Pilot Study

Purpose: The timing for soft tissue augmentation during implant therapy is still debated. Therefore, the present study clinically evaluated whether immediate versus delayed soft tissue augmentation procedures had an impact on the stability of peri-implant mucosal thickness (PMT). Materials and Methods: Patients requiring a single implant posterior to the canines in association with soft tissue augmentation procedures at the buccal aspect of single implants using a connective tissue graft (CTG) were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to 2 different timing protocols: simultaneous implant and CTG placement (test group) or implant placement and then CTG placement after 3 months (control group). PMT was measured clinically at the mid-buccal aspect of the implant site by bone sounding with an endodontic K-file using customized acrylic stents. PMT measurements were recorded before and after implant placement and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months after implant insertion. Parametric statistical tests were used to compare PMT between the test and control groups at each study period and to evaluate changes in PMT over time. The level of significance was set at a P value less than .05. Results: Fourteen implants placed in 14 patients were available for statistical comparison. At 12 months, the difference in PMT between the test and control groups was 0.12 \ub1 0.51 mm. This difference was not statistically significant (P = .54). A significant increase in PMT was observed from baseline to 12 months after implantation in the test (P = .004) and control (P < .001) groups. Conclusions: The present study indicated that changes in PMT after CTG placement were not influenced by the timing of soft tissue augmentation and remained stable up to 1 year after implant insertion

La gestione di un caso complesso implantare : dall’analisi preoperatoria alla realizzazione della protesi definitiva

Una programmazione pre-chirurgica scorretta e una gestione del sito implantare altrettanto poco curata possono portare a inconvenienti quali risultati finali poco predicibili dal punto di vista funzionale e anche estetico. In questi casi sempre pi\uf9 frequentemente ci si trova di fronte alla gestione di casi complessi in cui ci si deve confrontare con impianti di diverse tipologie posizionati in tempi diversi. Nell\u2019ambito del trattamento implanto-protesico, queste situazioni, ancor pi\uf9 di altre, richiedono la corretta gestione dell\u2019intero piano di trattamento, cercando di ovviare agli inconvenienti affinch\ue9 si ottenga un risultato estetico e funzionale ottimale, soprattutto nelle zone ad alta esigenza estetica. La presenza di problemi a livello dei tessuti peri-implantari spesso provocano una serie di deficit dei tessuti duri e molli, che devono essere risolti attraverso delle manovre di rigenerativa tissutale e aumento dei tessuti molli. Diverse sono le metodiche descritte in letteratura inerenti le procedure di incremento dei tessuti duri pre-implantari in caso di atrofie alveolo mascellari1,2. In alcuni casi tali procedure prevedono l\u2019utilizzo di membrane non-riassorbibili rinforzate in titanio per l\u2019aumento verticale della cresta edentula. Anche la gestione dei tessuti molli \ue8 ben documentata in letteratura; infatti, mediante l\u2019utilizzo di tecniche di chirurgia muco-gengivale \ue8 possibile incrementare lo spessore di gengiva cheratinizzata peri-implantare migliorando l\u2019estetica e la salute dei tessuti molli. Tali metodiche comprendono anche l\u2019utilizzo di innesti epitelio-connettivali prelevati dal palato3,4. Il caso clinico preso in esame descrive l\u2019analisi, la programmazione e l\u2019esecuzione di un piano di trattamento complesso. Dall\u2019iniziale situazione implanto-protesica presente sono stati eseguiti sia interventi di rigenerativa ossea tramite GBR in zona retro-mascellare e l\u2019inserimento dilazionato di 3 impianti, che interventi con tecniche di chirurgia plastica periimplantare per l\u2019aumento della quantit\ue0 di mucosa cheratinizzata durante la seconda fase chirurgica sia nei nuovi siti implantari che nei vecchi. L\u2019unione delle due tecniche ha permesso l\u2019ottenimento di un\u2019architettura tissutale armonica e di un\u2019adeguata presenza di gengiva cheratinizzata e la risoluzione in modo soddisfacente della riabilitazione implanto-protesicaAn incorrect pre-surgery programmation and a wrong management of the implant site could cause many disadvantages like unpredictable aesthetic and functional final results. In this cases increasingly we have to manage complex situations in which different kind of implant are inserted in different time. This situation, in an implantprosthetic treatment, need the right management of the whole treatment plane, trying to avoid drawbacks, with the aim to obtain the best functional and aesthetic result, overall in the aesthetic area. Presence of peri-implant tissue problems, often could cause some deficit of hard and soft tissues that need regenerative techniques to eliminate these defect. There are some different kind of techniques described in literature to improve hard tissues1,2. Some of these provide the use of non-resorbable reinforced titanium membranes to facilitate the vertical growing of the edentulous ridge. The management of soft tissues is also well described in literature. With the use of mucous gum surgery techniques, is possible to improve the thickness of the keratinized gingiva, improving the health and the aesthetic of soft tissues. These techniques also include the use of epithelial connective tissue graft taken from the palate3,4. This clinical case describes the analysis, programming and execution of a complex treatment plan. From the initial implant-prosthetic situation, both bone regenerative responses with GBR in the back jaw area, insertion of 3 implants and peri-implant plastic surgery, to increase the quality of the keratinized mucosa, were performed, both in the new and old implant site. The union of the two techniques allowed us to obtain a tissue harmonic architecture and an appropriate presence of keratinized gingiva with the good resolution of the implant-prosthetic rehabilitation

Sinus lift procedure in presence of mucosal cyst : a clinical prospective study

Background: Sinus lift procedures are considered safe and predictable procedures for the rehabilitation of the athrophic upper posterior maxilla. The presence of sinusal neoformation, highly reported in the literature, could represent a problem for sinus lifts. The removal of these lesions is recommended in order to limit intra- and post-operative complications. The aim of this prospective study is to describe the surgical removal of sinusal cyst concurrently with sinus lift procedures. Methods: 10 patients, 7 male and 3 female, presenting edentulism of the posterior maxilla associated with severe pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and presence of an antral cyst, were enrolled in the study. 14 sinus lift procedures were performed following aspiration of the liquid contained within the cyst. Radiographic exams were performed before, immediately after, and six months after the surgery. Results: All patients showed successful integration of the implants and the survival rate was 100% at the most recent recall. Intraoperative complications were rare and included minor membrane perforations in 3 cases. In 11 cases the CT scan examination revealed no sign of presence of the lesion after 6 months. In 3 cases the total volume of the lesion was significantly reduced. 4 patients presented thickening of the Scheiderian membrane up to 2 mm with no sign of inflammation. Conclusions: This study proposes a modified surgical approach to drain the endoluminal liquid during the sinus lift procedure. The new proposed technique allows the reduction of the surgical morbidity thanks to the elimination of one surgical phase in case of staged approach. The Authors consider this technique safe and predictabl