Analytical description of spin-Rabi oscillation controlled electronic transitions rates between weakly coupled pairs of paramagnetic states with S=1/2

We report on an analytical description of spin-dependent electronic transition rates which are controlled by a radiation induced spin-Rabi oscillation of weakly spin-exchange and spin-dipolar coupled paramagnetic states (S=1/2). The oscillation components (the Fourier content) of the net transition rates within spin-pair ensembles are derived for randomly distributed spin resonances with account of a possible correlation between the two distributions that correspond to the two individual pair partners. The results presented here show that when electrically or optically detected Rabi spectroscopy is conducted under an increasing driving field B_ 1, the Rabi spectrum evolves from a single resonance peak at s=\Omega_R, where \Omega_R=\gamma B_1 is the Rabi frequency (\gamma is the gyromagnetic ratio), to three peaks at s= \Omega_R, s=2\Omega_R, and at low s<< \Omega_R. The crossover between the two regimes takes place when \Omega_R exceeds the expectation value \delta_0 of the difference of the Zeeman energies within the pairs, which corresponds to the broadening of the magnetic resonance lines in the presence of disorder caused by hyperfine field or distributions of Lande g-factors. We capture this crossover by analytically calculating the shapes of all three peaks at arbitrary relation between \Omega_R and \delta_0. When the peaks are well-developed their widths are \Delta s ~ \delta_0^2/\Omega_R.Comment: 10 page, 5 figure

Associations between BMI, Body Composition, Sleep and Physical Activity in College Students

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Patient-reported outcomes measures and patient preferences for minimally invasive glaucoma surgical devices.

BackgroundMany therapeutic options are available to glaucoma patients. One recent therapeutic option is minimally invasive glaucoma surgical (MIGS) devices. It is unclear how patients view different treatments and which patient-reported outcomes would be most relevant in patients with mild to moderate glaucoma. We developed a questionnaire for patients eligible for MIGS devices and a patient preference study to examine the value patients place on certain outcomes associated with glaucoma and its therapies.ObjectivesTo summarize the progress to date.MethodsQuestionnaire development: We drafted the questionnaire items based on input from one physician and four patient focus groups, and a review of the literature. We tested item clarity with six cognitive interviews. These items were further refined. Patient preference study: We identified important benefit and risk outcomes qualitatively using semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with patients who were eligible for MIGS devices. We then prioritized these outcomes quantitatively using best-worst scaling methods.ResultsQuestionnaire testing: Three concepts were deemed relevant for the questionnaire: functional limitations, symptoms, and psychosocial factors. We will evaluate the reliability and validity of the 52-item draft questionnaire in an upcoming field test. Patient preference study: We identified 13 outcomes that participants perceived as important. Outcomes with the largest relative importance weights were "adequate IOP control" and "drive a car during the day."ConclusionsPatients have the potential to steer clinical research towards outcomes that are important to them. Incorporating patients' perspectives into the MIGS device development and evaluation process may expedite innovation and availability of these devices

Optical air data systems and methods

Systems and methods for sensing air includes at least one, and in some embodiments three, transceivers for projecting the laser energy as laser radiation to the air. The transceivers are scanned or aligned along several different axes. Each transceiver receives laser energy as it is backscattered from the air. A computer processes signals from the transceivers to distinguish molecular scattered laser radiation from aerosol scattered laser radiation and determines air temperatures, wind speeds, and wind directions based on the scattered laser radiation. Applications of the system to wind power site evaluation, wind turbine control, traffic safety, general meteorological monitoring and airport safety are presented

Über Tresterweine

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Roel of Morning versus Evening Chronotype on Insulin Sensitivity and Central Hemodynamics in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

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X-ray diffraction studies of the effects of N incorporation in amorphous CNx, materials

The effects of nitrogen incorporation on the atomic-scale structure of amorphous CNx samples have been studied for 0, 5, 20, and 30 at. % N concentration, by x-ray diffraction. Significant differences in the structure are observed on the incorporation of only 5 at. % N, and the changes in structure continue as further N is added. From the experimental data, we are able to obtain directly the average bond distances and then calculate the average bond angles for each of the samples. The average first neighbor distance shows a gradual decrease from 1.55 Angstrom for 0 at. % N, to 1.44 Angstrom for 30 at. % N, and a similar trend is observed in the position of the second neighbor peak. This gives a corresponding increase in the average bond angle from 108 degrees to 114 degrees. The results show an increase in the fraction of sp(2) bonded carbon atoms with increasing N concentration, and there is evidence for the presence of significant numbers of C=N and C=N bonds. These results are also consistent with stress, hardness, and optical gap measurements for these samples. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)03907-3]

Spectral Analysis of the Supreme Court

The focus of this paper is the linear algebraic framework in which the spectral analysis of voting data like that above is carried out. As we will show, this framework can be used to pinpoint voting coalitions in small voting bodies like the United States Supreme Court. Our goal is to show how simple ideas from linear algebra can come together to say something interesting about voting. And what could be more simple than where our story begins— with counting