Risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria in non-ventilated patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia

Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de pneumonia adquirida no hospital (PAH), não associada à ventilação mecânica e causada por bactérias multirresistentes (MR). Métodos: Estudo de coorte observacional retrospectivo, conduzido ao longo de três anos em um hospital universitário terciário. Incluímos apenas pacientes sem ventilação mecânica, com diagnóstico de PAH e com cultura bacteriana positiva. Variáveis categóricas foram comparadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado. A análise de regressão logística foi usada para determinar os fatores de risco para PAH causada por bactérias MR. Resultados: Dos 140 pacientes diagnosticados com PAH, 59 (42,1%) apresentavam infecção por cepas MR. As taxas de mortalidade nos pacientes com cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes e sensíveis à meticilina, respectivamente, foram de 45,9% e 50,0% (p = 0,763). As taxas de mortalidade nos pacientes com PAH causada por bacilos gram-negativos MR e não MR, respectivamente, foram de 45,8% e 38,3% (p = 0,527). Na análise univariada, os fatores associados com cepas MR foram DPOC, insuficiência cardíaca crônica, insuficiência renal crônica, diálise, cateterismo urinário, infecções extrapulmonares e uso de antimicrobianos nos 10 dias anteriores ao diagnóstico de PAH. Na análise multivariada, o uso de antimicrobianos nos 10 dias anteriores ao diagnóstico foi o único fator preditor independente de cepas MR (OR = 3,45; IC95%: 1,56-7,61; p = 0,002). Conclusões: Neste estudo unicêntrico, o uso de antimicrobianos de largo espectro 10 dias antes do diagnóstico de PAH foi o único preditor independente da presença de bactérias MR em pacientes com PAH sem ventilação mecânica.Objective: To identify risk factors for the development of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by multidrugresistant (MDR) bacteria in non-ventilated patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study conducted over a three-year period at a tertiary-care teaching hospital. We included only non-ventilated patients diagnosed with HAP and presenting with positive bacterial cultures. Categorical variables were compared with chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for HAP caused by MDR bacteria. Results: Of the 140 patients diagnosed with HAP, 59 (42.1%) were infected with MDR strains. Among the patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and those infected with methicillinsusceptible S. aureus, mortality was 45.9% and 50.0%, respectively (p = 0.763). Among the patients infected with MDR and those infected with non-MDR gram-negative bacilli, mortality was 45.8% and 38.3%, respectively (p = 0.527). Univariate analysis identified the following risk factors for infection with MDR bacteria: COPD; congestive heart failure; chronic renal failure; dialysis; urinary catheterization; extrapulmonary infection; and use of antimicrobial therapy within the last 10 days before the diagnosis of HAP. Multivariate analysis showed that the use of antibiotics within the last 10 days before the diagnosis of HAP was the only independent predictor of infection with MDR bacteria (OR = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.56-7.61; p = 0.002). Conclusions: In this single-center study, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics within the last 10 days before the diagnosis of HAP was the only independent predictor of infection with MDR bacteria in non-ventilated patients with HAP

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

A life-threatening case of disseminated nocardiosis due to Nocardia brasiliensis

Nocardiosis is a rare disease caused by infection with Nocardia species, aerobic actinomycetes with a worldwide distribution. A rare life-threatening disseminated Nocardia brasiliensis infection is described in an elderly, immunocompromised patient. Microorganism was recovered from bronchial secretions and dermal lesions, and was identified using molecular assays. Prompt, timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment ensured a favorable outcome

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome complicated by severe community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive for Panton-Valentine leukocidin

We report a case of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) complicated by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive (CAMRSA-PVL[+]) necrotizing pneumonia, sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) in a previously immunocompetent female. The patient required prolonged ventilatory support and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. Multiple cavities and severely affected lung function persist 1 year after discharge. © 2011 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Epidemiology, risk factors for and outcome of candidaemia among non-neutropenic patients in a Greek intensive care unit

To determine the epidemiology, risk factors for and outcome of candidaemia in critically ill patients, a matched case-control study was performed in a 25-bed intensive care unit (ICU) from August 2004 to January 2006. Candidaemia occurred in 33 patients; each patient was matched to four controls according to admission illness severity, diagnostic category and length of ICU stay. Candida non-albicans species predominated (67.7%). The presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the only independent risk factor for candidaemia development (OR, 2.93; 95% CI 1.09-7.81, P=0.032). Mortality was 60.6% among patients with candidaemia and 22% among controls (P<0.001). The presence of candidaemia (OR, 9.37; 95% CI 3.48-25.26, P<0.001) and the illness severity on admission (acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation II score, OR, 1.17; 95% CI 1.12-1.24, P<0.001) were independently associated with mortality. Among candidaemic patients, risk factors for mortality were the severity of organ dysfunction (sequential organ failure assessment score, OR, 1.57; 95% CI 1.00-2.46, P=0.05) and a low serum albumin level (OR, 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.94, P=0.012) both of them occurred on candidaemia onset. We conclude that in critically ill patients matched for illness severity and length of ICU stay, the only independent risk factor for candidaemia was the presence of ARDS. Mortality was independently associated with acquisition of candidaemia and with the illness severity at candidaemia onset. © 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Colistin methanesulfonate and colistin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration

This report describes the pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and colistin in five intensive care unit patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. For CMS, the mean maximum concentration of drug in plasma (Cmax) after the fourth dose was 6.92 mg/liter and total clearance (CL) 8.23 liters/h. For colistin, the mean concentration was 0.92 mg/liter and CL/metabolized fraction (fm) 18.91 liters/h. Colistin concentrations were below the current MIC breakpoints, and the area under the concentration-time curve for the free, unbound fraction of the drug over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC (fAUC/MIC) was lower than recommended, suggesting that a dosage regimen of 160 mg CMS every 8 h (q8h) is inadequate. Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved