YOUNG OFFENDERS IN BRAZIL: MENTAL HEALTH AND FACTORS OF RISK AND PROTECTION

Introduction: The literature has indicated that young offenders may show varied problems of mental health; however, in Brazil a limited number of studies are focused on that question. Objective: Identify the health, self-esteem and social support levels of male young offenders complying with not confined socio-educational measures, the parenting styles adopted towards them and identify the relationship between these variables. Methods: It is an exploratory and correlational study in which 33 male young offenders aged between 14 and 18 years who attend the socio-educational programme of a mid-size city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, took part on the study, they answered specific instruments to appraise different variables of focus. Results: The results indicate that 67% of the adolescents presented mental health disorders; 84% perceive that the social support received is below “low” or “medium”, and 33% judge the parental style of their caregiver as a risk. The greater the negligence and poor support of the family and caregivers, the lower the self-esteem of young offenders. Conclusions: Most of the adolescents had mental health disorders and evaluated the social support received as low or medium. All participants evaluated negatively the parental style adopted by their parents. The parental style used was considered below average and risky. Furthermore, was observed that the lower the self-esteem of the adolescents and the lower the family support perceived by them, the higher was the degree of parental negligence evaluated. It is understood that these results reinforce the need for intersectoral coordination in actions aimed at this population

Automatização de método para análise do volume de gotas de chuva natural ou artificial e sua distribuição com técnicas de processamento de imagens digitais.

A principal dificuldade encontrada nos métodos existentes - da força, do fluxo, do momento, da imersão, do óleo e método baseado no uso de papéis marcadores, sensíveis às gotas de água - para a análise do volume de gotas de chuva natural ou artificial está na tarefa de avaliação manual dos diâmetros das gotas para o posterior levantamento do espectro de distribuição das mesmas. Em geral, são utilizadas réguas graduadas e os diâmetros são medidos um a um. O trabalho de reconhecimento do volume de gotas na forma automatizada otimiza a tarefa manual e pode-se determinar a distribuição por área e, consequentemente, as energias cinéticas relacionada, o que auxilia nos estudos com chuvas naturais ou possibilita o dimensionamento de aspersores e ajustes de pressão de sistemas de irrigação com maior confiabilidade e menor esforços manual. Para automatizar o sistemas, utiiza-se o teorema da convolução de Fourier, com suas propriedades da correlação em frequência. A automatização para a análise do volume de gotas com técnicas de processametno de imagens requer uma plataforma Windows 95 com memória de usuário mínima de 4Mbytes.bitstream/CNPDIA/9689/1/CT04_96.pd

Efecto de la suplementación parenteral con cobre durante el último tercio de gestación de vacas en zona de hipocuprosis

En una zona con incidencia endémica de hipocuprosis se evaluó el efecto terapéutico de la suplementación parenteral con Cu en vacas con carencia moderada y severa durante su último tercio de gestación. El grupo suplementado (n = 20) recibió 125 mg de edetato de Cu, mientras que el grupo control permaneció sin suplementación (n = 20). Se evaluaron las cupremias de las madres antes de la suplementación, al parto y cuando los terneros promediaban los tres meses de edad. Los terneros provenientes de ambos grupos se identificaron y pesaron al nacimiento y se sangraron a los tres meses para evaluar su estatus de Cu. Cuando se suplementaron madres con carencia moderada (ensayo A), las cupremias resultaron normales al parto pero descendieron a valores de deficiencia severa a los tres meses (< 30 ug/dl). En ese momento los terneros de madres suplementadas presentaron mayores concentraciones de Cu en plasma y glóbulos rojos, pero igualmente eran indicativas de carencia severa debido al agotamiento de sus reservas hepáticas. Cuando se suplementaron madres con carencia severa (ensayo B) los terneros ya no se diferenciaban por su estatus de Cu a los tres meses de edad. En ambos ensayos los terneros nacieron y crecieron hasta los tres meses sin diferenciarse por su peso, pero sus estatus de Cu indicaron la existencia de un riesgo clínico y productivo importante en una zona donde la primera suplementación se realiza al destete, con 6 a 7 meses de edad. Se concluye que la suplementación de las madres con 125 mg de Cu en el último tercio de la gestación puede resultar insuficiente en la protección de los terneros, especialmente si éstos no son suplementados durante su período de cría

Aberrant Expression of Pseudogene-Derived lncRNAs as an Alternative Mechanism of Cancer Gene Regulation in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Transcriptome sequencing has led to the widespread identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Subsequently, these genes have been shown to hold functional importance in human cellular biology, which can be exploited by tumors to drive the hallmarks of cancer. Due to the complex tertiary structure and unknown binding motifs of lncRNAs, there is a growing disparity between the number of lncRNAs identified and those that have been functionally characterized. As such, lncRNAs deregulated in cancer may represent critical components of cancer pathways that could serve as novel therapeutic intervention points. Pseudogenes are non-coding DNA sequences that are defunct relatives of their protein-coding parent genes but retain high sequence similarity. Interestingly, certain lncRNAs expressed from pseudogene loci have been shown to regulate the protein-coding parent genes of these pseudogenes in trans particularly because of this sequence complementarity. We hypothesize that this phenomenon occurs more broadly than previously realized, and that aberrant expression of lncRNAs overlapping pseudogene loci provides an alternative mechanism of cancer gene deregulation. Using RNA-sequencing data from two cohorts of lung adenocarcinoma, each paired with patient-matched non-malignant lung samples, we discovered 104 deregulated pseudogene-derived lncRNAs. Remarkably, many of these deregulated lncRNAs (i) were expressed from the loci of pseudogenes related to known cancer genes, (ii) had expression that significantly correlated with protein-coding parent gene expression, and (iii) had lncRNA protein-coding parent gene expression that was significantly associated with survival. Here, we uncover evidence to suggest the lncRNA-pseudogene-protein-coding gene axis as a prominent mechanism of cancer gene regulation in lung adenocarcinoma, and highlights the clinical utility of exploring the non-coding regions of the cancer transcriptome

Post-harvest physicochemical profile and bioactive compounds of 19 bananas and plantains genotypes.

Bragantia, Campinas, v. 78, n. 2, p.284-296, 2019284C.V. Borges et al.ABSTRACT:Nineteen genotypes of bananas and plantains were analysed in order to differentiate the subgroups and/or groups of consumption or industrial use. Genotypes of banana and plantain from different genomic groups and in three ripening stages (2, 5 and 7) were studied in relation to physical and physicochemical characteristics, including bioactive compounds. Furthermore, with the obtained data analysed by multivariate statistical analyses (Principal Component Analysis) it was possible to relate all analysed characteristic profile of samples with the different genotype. The three ripening stages were differentiate by total soluble solids, titratable acidity, chrome (C*) and the carotenoids contents. ‘Ney Poovan’ contain high total soluble solid content and pulp-to-peel ratio, an interesting result for the promotion of this genotype for in natura consumption. ‘Ney Poovan’, ‘Ouro da Mata’, ‘Pelipita’ and ‘Tiparot’ are sources of antioxidant compounds. The genotypes ‘Pelipita’ and ‘Samurá B’ are promising for the industrial use, mainly for the processing of banana chips, for both green and ripe frui

Metabolite profiling reveals the influence of grapevine genetic distance on the chemical signature of juices.

Yield, disease tolerance, and climate adaptation are important traits in grapevine genetic breeding programs. Selection for these characteristics cause unpredictable changes in primary and specialized metabolism, affecting the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the berries and their processed products, juice and wine. In this study, we investigated the influence of the genetic distance between grapevine genotypes on the chemical signatures of the juices, by integrating comprehensive metabolic profiling to genetic analyses. Results: The studied grapevine cultivars exhibited low genetic diversity. Breeding for agronomic traits promoted higher contents of soluble sugars, total phenolics, and anthocyanins in the juices. Untargeted juice metabolomics identified a total of 147 metabolites, consisting of 30 volatiles, 21 phenolics, and 96 UHPLC‐MS features. Juices from grapes of the most recent cultivars exhibited increased levels of trans‐resveratrol, catechin, and luteolin. The blend of volatiles from juices of later cultivars was also more complex, consisting of 29 distinct metabolites in ‘BRS Magna. Grapes from ‘BRS Carmem’, an intermediate cultivar, gave the most divergent UHPLC‐MS juice profile. Conclusion: Contents of soluble solids, total phenolics and anthocyanins in grape juices were increased by controlled crosses and hybrid selection. Integrative analyses demonstrated that the juices metabolic profiles accurately represent the cultivars genetic distances. Juices from ‘BRS Violeta’ and ‘BRS Magna’ show relevant positive association with health‐related phenolics and a distinct set of odor volatiles, although these characteristics were not aimed at by breeding.Disponível em: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13124. Acesso em: 6 dez. 202

Root growth and crop performance of soybean under chemical, physical, and biological changes after subsoiling.

Chemical, physical and biological soil attributes can facilitate soybean root growth in greater volume and depth in the soil, which can minimize yield reduction caused by water deficit. Soil management can contribute positively or negatively to these soil attributes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the root growth and crop performance of soybean, in response to chemical, physical and biological changes after subsoiling at different depths. At the R5 phenological stage, trenches were made for sampling and soil collection for chemical, physical and biological analysis and root growth was carried out. At V5, V7, R2 and R5 stages, plants were collected to evaluate height, leaf area and dry mass. At V5, stage number and dry mass of the nodules were evaluated. Subsoiling increased pH and Ca, and decreased Al in the soil, resulted in higher relative density and did not affect in mechanical penetration resistance compared to non-subsoiled soil. Basal respiration and soybean nodulation were higher in the subsoiled soil. Up to 15 cm depth, there were 87.91% of the total root dry mass and 78.79% of the total root volume. Initial and final plant growth were the same in subsoiled and non-subsoiled soil. Number of nodules in the subsoiled soil was 28% higher than in the non-subsoiled soil. Under these study conditions, subsoiling provides lower root growth but benefits grain yield