322 research outputs found
Tradisi Rapek Karambie di Paninjauan dalam Komposisi Musik Karawitan
Paninjauan is a Nagari located in District X Koto , Tanah Datar , West Sumatra Province . Most of the population are farmers , then civil servants and merchants . In living everyday life governed by Indigenous or rules applicable in Nagari Paninjaun . Indigenous or the rules has become a tradition and culture for Paninjauan Society . This can be seen on a daily basis in the implementation , farming , bergontong mutual , in the implementation of worship , in a custom implementation , such as ; cultural implementation of circumcision , marriage , how to dress and so on . Including traditional search or choose minantu / sumando , namely to find a mate a girl who will be married in Nagari Paninjauan . The procession is not easy , because the people who will be made minantu / sumando is really scrutinized and approved by the immediate family of the girl , then the custom is as mamak , and the father as the nearest sumando urang also urang sumando sekaum . Looking minantu / sumando in Paninjauan likened to find a core process of starch in a karambie ( coconut ) . Decisions taken in consensus karambie together and decided by pengulu to embed the principles of prudence
The Evolution of the Fractions of Quiescent and Star-forming Galaxies as a Function of Stellar Mass Since z=3: Increasing Importance of Massive, Dusty Star-forming Galaxies in the Early Universe
Using the UltraVISTA DR1 and 3D-HST catalogs, we construct a
stellar-mass-complete sample, unique for its combination of surveyed volume and
depth, to study the evolution of the fractions of quiescent galaxies,
moderately unobscured star-forming galaxies, and dusty star-forming galaxies as
a function of stellar mass over the redshift interval . We
show that the role of dusty star-forming galaxies within the overall galaxy
population becomes more important with increasing stellar mass, and grows
rapidly with increasing redshift. Specifically, dusty star-forming galaxies
dominate the galaxy population with at . The ratio of dusty and non-dusty star-forming galaxies as
a function of stellar mass changes little with redshift. Dusty star-forming
galaxies dominate the star-forming population at , being a factor of 3-5 more common,
while unobscured star-forming galaxies dominate at . At , red
galaxies dominate the galaxy population at all redshift , either because
they are quiescent (at late times) or dusty star-forming (in the early
universe).Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted by Astrophysical Journal
Letters after minor revisio
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Endocytotic formation of vesicles and other membranous structures induced by Ca2+ and axolemmal injury
Vesicles and/or other membranous structures that form after
axolemmal damage have recently been shown to repair (seal)
the axolemma of various nerve axons. To determine the origin
of such membranous structures, (1) we internally dialyzed isolated
intact squid giant axons (GAs) and showed that elevation
of intracellular Ca21 .100 uM produced membranous structures
similar to those in axons transected in Ca21-containing
physiological saline; (2) we exposed GA axoplasm to Ca21-
containing salines and observed that membranous structures
did not form after removing the axolemma and glial sheath but
did form in severed GAs after .99% of their axoplasm was
removed by internal perfusion; (3) we examined transected GAs
and crayfish medial giant axons (MGAs) with time-lapse confocal
fluorescence microscopy and showed that many injuryinduced
vesicles formed by endocytosis of the axolemma; (4)
we examined the cut ends of GAs and MGAs with electron
microscopy and showed that most membranous structures
were single-walled at short (5–15 min) post-transection times,
whereas more were double- and multi-walled and of probable
glial origin after longer (30–150 min) post-transection times; and
(5) we examined differential interference contrast and confocal
images and showed that large and small lesions evoked similar
injury responses in which barriers to dye diffusion formed amid
an accumulation of vesicles and other membranous structures.
These and other data suggest that Ca21 inflow at large or small
axolemmal lesions induces various membranous structures (including
endocytotic vesicles) of glial or axonal origin to form,
accumulate, and interact with each other, preformed vesicles,
and/or the axolemma to repair the axolemmal damage.This work was supported by grants from National Institutes of Health (NIH;
NS31256) and the State of Texas (Advanced Technology 3658-446).Neuroscienc
Gender Differences in VO2 and HR Kinetics at the Onset of Moderate and Heavy Exercise Intensity in Adolescents
The majority of the studies on VO2 kinetics in pediatric populations investigated gender differences in prepubertal children during submaximal intensity exercise, but studies are lacking in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that gender differences exist in the VO2 and heart rate (HR) kinetic responses to moderate (M) and heavy (H) intensity exercise in adolescents. Twenty-one healthy African-American adolescents (9 males, 15.8 ± 1.1 year; 12 females, 15.7 ± 1 year) performed constant work load exercise on a cycle ergometer at M and H. The VO2 kinetics of the male group was previously analyzed (Lai et al., Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 33:107–117, 2008b). For both genders, VO2 and HR kinetics were described with a single exponential at M and a double exponential at H. The fundamental time constant (τ1) of VO2 was significantly higher in female than male at M (45 ± 7 vs. 36 ± 11 sec, P \u3c 0.01) and H (41 ± 8 vs. 29 ± 9 sec, P \u3c 0.01), respectively. The functional gain (G1) was not statistically different between gender at M and statistically higher in females than males at H: 9.7 ± 1.2 versus 10.9 ± 1.3 mL min−1 W−1, respectively. The amplitude of the slow component was not significantly different between genders. The HR kinetics were significantly (τ1, P \u3c 0.01) slower in females than males at M (61 ± 16 sec vs. 45 ± 20 sec, P \u3c 0.01) and H (42 ± 10 sec vs. 30 ± 8 sec, P = 0.03). The G1 of HR was higher in females than males at M: 0.53 ± 0.11 versus 0.98 ± 0.2 bpm W−1 and H: 0.40 ± 0.11 versus 0.73 ± 0.23 bpm W−1, respectively. Gender differences in the VO2 and HR kinetics suggest that oxygen delivery and utilization kinetics of female adolescents differ from those in male adolescents. © 2016 The Authors
HFF-DeepSpace photometric catalogs of the 12 Hubble frontier fields, clusters, and parallels : photometry, photometric redshifts, and stellar masses
We present Hubble multi-wavelength photometric catalogs, including (up to) 17 filters with the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 from the ultra-violet to near-infrared for the Hubble Frontier Fields and associated parallels. We have constructed homogeneous photometric catalogs for all six clusters and their parallels. To further expand these data catalogs, we have added ultra-deep KS-band imaging at 2.2. mu m from the Very Large Telescope HAWK-I and Keck-I MOSFIRE instruments. We also add post-cryogenic Spitzer imaging at 3.6 and 4.5. mu m with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), as well as archival IRAC 5.8 and 8.0. mu m imaging when available. We introduce the public release of the multi-wavelength (0.2-8 mu m) photometric catalogs, and we describe the unique steps applied for the construction of these catalogs. Particular emphasis is given to the source detection band, the contamination of light from the bright cluster galaxies (bCGs), and intra-cluster light (ICL). In addition to the photometric catalogs, we provide catalogs of photometric redshifts and stellar population properties. Furthermore, this includes all the images used in the construction of the catalogs, including the combined models of bCGs and ICL, the residual images, segmentation maps, and more. These catalogs are a robust data set of the Hubble Frontier Fields and will be an important aid in designing future surveys, as well as planning follow-up programs with current and future observatories to answer key questions remaining about first light, reionization, the assembly of galaxies, and many more topics, most notably by identifying high-redshift sources to target
CANUCS: An Updated Mass and Magnification Model of Abell 370 with JWST
We report an updated mass and magnification model of galaxy cluster Abell 370
using new NIRCam and NIRISS data from the CAnadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster
Survey (CANUCS). Using Lenstool and a combination of archival HST and MUSE data
with new JWST data as constraints, we derive an improved gravitational lensing
model and extract magnifications of background galaxies with uncertainties.
Using our best fit model, we perform a search for new multiply imaged systems
via predicted positions. We report no new multiply imaged systems with
identifiable redshifts, likely due to already very deep HST and Spitzer data,
but confirm a multiply imaged system by measuring its redshift with
NIRISS and NIRSpec spectra. We find that the overall shape of the critical
curve for a source at is similar to previous models of Abell 370,
with small changes. We investigate the galaxy with two images
observable with an apparent magnitude in the F125W band of and
. After correcting for the magnifications of the images,
7.2 and 8.7, we use SED fitting to find an
intrinsic stellar mass of log( = 7.35,
intrinsic SFR of 3.5 M/yr, and of
-21.3, which is close to the knee of the luminosity function at
that redshift. Our model, and corresponding magnification, shear, and
convergence maps are available on request and will be made publicly available
on MAST in a CANUCS data release (DOI: 10.17909/ph4n-6n76).Comment: 15 page
Gene copy-number changes and chromosomal instability induced by aneuploidy confer resistance to chemotherapy
Mitotic errors lead to aneuploidy, a condition of karyotype imbalance, frequently found in cancer cells. Alterations in chromosome copy number induce a wide variety of cellular stresses, including genome instability. Here, we show that cancer cells might exploit aneuploidy-induced genome instability and the resulting gene copy-number changes to survive under conditions of selective pressure, such as chemotherapy. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs was dictated by the acquisition of recurrent karyotypes, indicating that gene dosage might play a role in driving chemoresistance. Thus, our study establishes a causal link between aneuploidy-driven changes in gene copy number and chemoresistance and might explain why some chemotherapies fail to succeed
Bursty star formation and galaxy-galaxy interactions in low-mass galaxies 1 Gyr after the Big Bang
We use CANUCS JWST/NIRCam imaging of galaxies behind the
gravitationally-lensing cluster MACS J0417.5-1154 to investigate star formation
burstiness in low-mass () galaxies at .
Our sample of 123 galaxies is selected using the Lyman break selection and
photometric emission-line excess methods. Sixty per cent of the 123 galaxies in
this sample have H-to-UV flux ratios that deviate significantly from
the range of values consistent with smooth and steady star
formation histories. This large fraction indicates that the majority of
low-mass galaxies is experiencing bursty star formation histories at high
redshift. We also searched for interacting galaxies in our sample and found
that they are remarkably common ( per cent of the sample). Compared to
non-interacting galaxies, interacting galaxies are more likely to have very low
H-to-UV ratios, suggesting that galaxy-galaxy interactions enhance star
formation burstiness and enable faster quenching (with timescales of
Myr) that follows the rapid rise of star formation activity.
Given the high frequency of galaxy-galaxy interactions and the rapid SFR
fluctuations they appear to cause, we conclude that galaxy-galaxy interactions
could be a leading cause of bursty star formation in low-mass, high-
galaxies. They could thus play a significant role in the evolution of the
galaxy population at early cosmological times.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, and 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRA
CDM not dead yet: massive high-z Balmer break galaxies are less common than previously reported
Early JWST observations that targeted so-called double-break sources
(attributed to Lyman and Balmer breaks at ), reported a previously unknown
population of very massive, evolved high-redshift galaxies. This surprising
discovery led to a flurry of attempts to explain these objects' unexpected
existence including invoking alternatives to the standard CDM
cosmological paradigm. To test these early results, we adopted the same
double-break candidate galaxy selection criteria to search for such objects in
the JWST images of the CAnadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS), and
found a sample of 19 sources over five independent CANUCS fields that cover a
total effective area of arcmin at . However, (1) our SED
fits do not yield exceptionally high stellar masses for our candidates, while
(2) spectroscopy of five of the candidates shows that while all five are at
high redshifts, their red colours are due to high-EW emission lines in
star-forming galaxies rather than Balmer breaks in massive, evolved systems.
Additionally, (3) field-to-field variance leads to differences of
dex in the maximum stellar masses measured in the different fields, suggesting
that the early single-field JWST observations may have suffered from cosmic
variance and/or sample bias. Finally, (4) we show that the presence of even a
single massive outlier can dominate conclusions from small samples such as
those in early JWST observations. In conclusion, we find that the double-break
sources in CANUCS are not sufficiently massive or numerous to warrant
questioning the standard CDM paradigm.Comment: V2: correction of display problem of Fig.1 in Chrome browser.
Submitted to MNRAS, 10 pages (+4 in Appendix), 5 figures (+4), 1 table (+1
A Steep Decline in the Galaxy Space Density Beyond Redshift 9 in the CANUCS UV Luminosity Function
We present a new sample of 158 galaxies at redshift selected from
deep \jwst\ NIRCam imaging of five widely-separated sightlines in the CANUCS
survey. Two-thirds of the pointings and 80\% of the galaxies are covered by 12
to 14 NIRCam filters, including seven to nine medium bands, providing accurate
photometric redshifts and robustness against low redshift interlopers. A sample
of 28 galaxies at with spectroscopic redshifts shows a low systematic
offset and scatter in the difference between photometric and spectroscopic
redshifts. We derive the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts 8 to 12,
finding a slightly higher normalization than previously seen with \hst\ at
redshifts 8 to 10. We observe a steeper decline in the galaxy space density
from to than found by most \jwst\ Cycle 1 studies. In particular, we
find only eight galaxies at and none at , with no
galaxies brighter than F277W AB=28 or in our unmasked,
delensed survey area of 53.4 square arcminutes. We attribute the lack of bright
galaxies in CANUCS compared to GLASS and CEERS to intrinsic variance in
the galaxy density along different sightlines. The evolution in the CANUCS
luminosity function between and is comparable to that predicted by
simulations that assume a standard star formation efficiency, without invoking
any special adjustments.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, ApJ, in pres
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