Effects of Levamisole on Phagocytic Activity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)

In this study, activation of phagocytic cells was examined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) exposed to 1, 5 and 10 μg ml-1 concentrations of levamisole solution. For this purpose, blood samples were taken from fish on days 1, 7 and 14 of exposure. Potential killing activity was determined by measuring oxidative radical production and phagocytic activity of neutrophils and superoxide anion production of phagocytic cells against Y. ruckeri. The activity of phagocytic cells in fish exposed to each of three concentrations was found higher than that in controls and the differences were statistically significant (p p -1 concentration of levamisole solution was determined on day 7, it was observed that all indicators increased on day 14 of exposure. The present results suggest that the application of levamisole in fish farms could increase non-specific immunity and resistance to infection of fish and offer economics benefits

NEW IMMOBILIZED SCHIFF BASES Synthesis, complexation, characterization and thermal behaviors

WOS: 000260114000041In this study, three new immobilized Schiff bases and their Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) metal complexes have been prepared. The ligands silica-Si[N-(3-propyl)2,4-dihydroxybenzaldimine] (1) H2L, silica-Si[N-(3-propyl)4-methylsalicylaldimine-3-methoxy] (2) HL and silica-Si[N-(3-propyl)2-pyridinecarboxyaldimine] (3) L have bidentate characters. Therefore, the complexes are the mononuclear. Ligands and metal complexes were characterized by FTIR, AAS and thermoanalytical techniques. On the basis of analytical data and IR studies, a 1:1 metal to ligand stoichiometry has been suggested. TG and DTA results showed that these ligands and complexes had good thermal stability. The heat capacities of ligands were reported in the temperature range 273-363 K as no thermal anomaly was found in this temperature range

Influence of antioxidants on the blood-brain barrier permeability during epileptic seizures

Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats lead to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. We compared the disruption of the blood-brain barrier during epileptic seizure in untreated rats and in rats treated with vitamin E or selenium. The rats were supplemented with nontoxic doses of sodium selenite (4 pp) in drinking water for 3 months, or vitamin E (70 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally for 30 min before the pentylenetetrazole injection. Evans-blue was used as a blood-brain barrier tracer and was given intravenously at a dose of 4 ml/kg of a 2% solution. The rats were divided into four experimental groups. Group I: control (n=24); Group II: pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure (n=12); Group III: vitamin E injected + seizure (n=12); Group IV: Selenium supplemented + seizure (n=12). The rats subjected to epileptic seizures showed Evans-blue albumin extravasations especially in the thalamic nuclei, brainstem, occipital, and frontal cortex. Mean values for Evans-blue dye were found to be 0.28 +/-0.04 mg % brain tissue in control rats and 1.6 +/-0.2 mg % brain tissue after epileptic seizures (P0.1 mg % brain tissue in selenium supplemented rats and 1.2 +/-0.1 mg % brain tissue in vitamin E injected rats after epileptic seizures. This difference between treated and untreated animals was found to be significant (P<0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that free radicals contribute to disruption of the blood-brain barrier during pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:674-678, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new schiff bases having the -SiOR group (R = CH (3) or CH2CH3), and their transition metal complexes

WOS: 000232626900019Two new Schiff base ligands containing -SiOCH3 or -SiOCH2CH3 groups, 4-{[(3-trimethoxysilanepropyl)imino] methyl} benzene-1,3-diol (1) Hmsb and 4-{[(3-triethoxysilanepropyl)imino]methyl} benzene-1,3-diol (5) Hesb, have been synthesized by the reaction of 2,4- dihydroxybenzaldehyde with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Six new transition metal [Cu-II, Ni-II and Co-II] complexes of these Schiff Base ligands were prepared. The complexes are formed by coordination of N, O atoms of the ligands. Their structures were confirmed by elemental analyses, H-1 nmr, i.r. and u.v.-vis. spectral data. The analytical data shows that the metal-to-ligand ratio in the Schiff Base complexes contains silane in 1:2. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of (1) Hmsb and (5) Hesb Schiff ligands, and their [M(msb)(2)] and [M(esb)(2)] type coordination compounds, were investigated

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new Schiff bases having the -SiOR group (R = CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 ), and their transition metal complexes

Two new Schiff base ligands containing -SiOCH 3 or -SiOCH 2 CH 3 groups, 4-{[(3-trimethoxysilanepropyl)imino]methyl} benzene-1,3-diol (1) Hmsb and 4-{[(3-triethoxysilanepropyl)imino]methyl}benzene- 1,3-diol (5) Hesb, have been synthesized by the reaction of 2,4- dihydroxybenzaldehyde with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Six new transition metal [Cu II , Ni II and Co II complexes of these Schiff Base ligands were prepared. The complexes are formed by coordination of N, O atoms of the ligands. Their structures were confirmed by elemental analyses, 1 H nmr, i.r. and u.v.-vis. spectral data. The analytical data shows that the metal-to-ligand ratio in the Schiff Base complexes contains silane in 1:2. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of (1) Hmsb and (5) Hesb Schiff ligands, and their [M(msb) 2 ] and [M(esb) 2 ] type coordination compounds, were investigated. © Springer 2005

Novel vic-dioximes: Synthesis, complexation with transition metal ions, spectral studies and biological activity

A novel, substituted disodium-4-hydroxy-5-{[(1E,2E)-N-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino)ethanimidoyl]amino}naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate vic-dioxime ligand (LH2) was synthesized from 4-amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid disodium salt and (E,E)-monochloroglyoxime at room temperature. The mononuclear CuII, NiII, ZnII and CdII complexes of this vic-dioxime ligand were prepared and their structures confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and UV-visible spectroscopy; the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the LH2 ligand (1) were also recorded. The oxime ligand, LH2, acts as a bidentate ligand bending through nitrogen atoms in the presence of base. Elemental analyses indicated that the ligand:metal ratio was 2:1 in the cases of CuII and NiII complexes and 1:1 in the cases of ZnII and CdII complexes. The ligand was screened for its antimicrobial activity against the fungi Rhodotorula rubra, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor pusillus and this was compared to that of metal complexes derived from it. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

New soluble coordination chain polymers of nickel(II) and copper(II) ions and their biological activity

A new tetraoxime ligand, (2E, 3E, 9E, 10E)-1, 4, 8, 11- tetraazacyclotetradecane-2, 3, 9, 10-tetrone tetraoxime has been prepared by the template condensation of 1,3-propanediamine and cyanogen-di-N-oxide, obtained by treating (E, E)-dichloroglyoxime in CH 2 Cl 2 with Na 2 CO 3 at -10 °C. The coordination chain polymers {[(pnngH 2 ) 2 Ni] n (5) and [(pncgH 2 ) 2 Cu] n ( 6 )} of two transition metal ions, [Ni(II) and Cu(II)] with the vic-dioxime ligand have been prepared. The oxime ligand acts as a polydentate ligand bending through nitrogen atoms in the presence of a base, as do most of the vic-dioximes. In the complexes, the chloride ions coordinate to the nickel and copper ions. The structures of these novel vic-dioxime compounds are proposed on the basis of the elemental analyses, molar conductance data, i.r., and U.v.-visible are presented. Elemental analyses indicate a ligand metal ratio of 1:1 in the coordination polymers. Conductivity measurements have shown that mono- and polynuclear complexes are non-electrolytes. In addition, anti-microbial activities of the compounds have been investigated. © Springer 2005.We thank the Research Fund of Kahramanmara·s Süt-c¸ ü İmam University for financial support

The views of elementary mathematics education preservice teachers on proving

This study has been prepared with the purpose to get the views of senior class Elementary Education Mathematics preservice teachers on proving. Data have been obtained via surveys and interviews carried out with 104 preservice teachers. According to the findings, although preservice teachers have positive views about using proving in mathematics teaching, it is seen that their experiences related to proving is limited to courses and they think proving is a work done only for the exams. Furthermore, they have expressed in the interviews that proving is difficult for them, and because of this reason they prefer memorizing instead of learning