“ENFERMEDADES DE TRANSMISIÓN SEXUAL EN ADOLESCENTES TRATADAS EN EL IMIEM DURANTE EL 2012”

El presente trabajo pretende identificar la frecuencia de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual y los factores socioculturales que favorecen la presencia de estas, entre las adolescentes que asistieron a la consulta externa en el IMIEM durante el 2012. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal descriptivo

Evaluating Legal Needs

This article is the first to explore legal needs in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas––a region that is predominantly Latinx and has both rural and urban characteristics. There are few legal needs assessments of majority Latinx communities, and none that examine needs in areas that are also U.S. border communities. Access to justice studies often overlook this area of the U.S. and this segment of the population despite their unique qualities. Latinos are projected to constitute the largest ethnic group in the country by 2060, making it imperative that we study access to justice-related assets, needs, opportunities, and barriers that currently exist within majority-Latinx communities. Legal needs assessments are a first step to legal service innovation, public education campaigns, and legal reform. Such assessments will help us to effectively address access to justice concerns. The piece also considers efforts to start a law school in the region and connects it to the importance of developing institutions of legal education in underserved communities. This article’s analysis centers on the experiences of Rio Grande Valley residents, through surveys, focus groups and oral history methodologies. It charts a course of study that can be followed in other regions to rethink the provision of legal services. Through its empirical and historic evaluation of legal needs, the article offers an example of how to capitalize on an area’s cultural and linguistic strengths to increase communities’ understanding of legal rights and responsibilities. It hopes to expand discussion on access to justice, legal innovation, and legal service investment in expanding majority Latinx communities within the U.S

Apropiación y transferencia del método pedagógico constructivista por parte de los docentes en formación

La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en la Licenciatura en Educación Primaria, específicamente en la asignatura de Matemáticas y su Enseñanza, con el fin de evidenciar si los docentes en formación transfieren o no un modelo de enseñanza a sus prácticas, y apreciar los elementos que favorecen o limitan dicha transferencia. La investigación se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo; se observaron las prácticas tanto del docente formador encargado de la asignatura como de los docentes en formación. Se analizó el desarrollo de las prácticas, el papel que desempeñan el docente y el alumno y las estrategias y recursos que se pusieron en juego en la clase. Dentro del marco teórico, se presenta el modelo de enseñanza constructivista, que es el enfoque vigente en la enseñanza de las matemáticas que se centra en la solución de problemas como un medio para construir conocimiento a partir de los saberes del alumno

Dual effects of noradrenaline on astroglial production of chemokines and pro-inflammatory mediators

BACKGROUND: Noradrenaline (NA) is known to limit neuroinflammation. However, the previously described induction by NA of a chemokine involved in the progression of immune/inflammatory processes, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), apparently contradicts NA anti-inflammatory actions. In the current study we analyzed NA regulation of astroglial chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1), also known as fractalkine, another chemokine to which both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative actions have been attributed. In addition, NA effects on other chemokines and pro-inflammatory mediators were also analyzed. METHODS: Primary astrocyte-enriched cultures were obtained from neonatal Wistar rats. These cells were incubated for different time durations with combinations of NA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression and synthesis of different proteins was measured by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzyme immunoassays. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: The data presented here show that in control conditions, NA induces the production of CX3CL1 in rat cultured astrocytes, but in the presence of an inflammatory stimulus, such as LPS, NA has the opposite effect inhibiting CX3CL1 production. This inversion of NA effect was also observed for MCP-1. Based on the observation of this dual action, NA regulation of different chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines was also analyzed, observing that in most cases NA exerts an inhibitory effect in the presence of LPS. One characteristic exception was the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), where a summative effect was detected for both LPS and NA. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that NA effects on astrocytes can adapt to the presence of an inflammatory agent reducing the production of certain cytokines, while in basal conditions NA may have the opposite effect and help to maintain moderate levels of these cytokines

Orujos de dos fases almacenados en balsas

During the harvesting period 1999-2000, real samples of two phases olive pomace were taken from storage ponds in two extraction facilities located in Southern region of Spain , every month until a maximum of five months. In addition, lots of two phases olive pomace and second-centrifuged two phases olive pomace were divided in closed recipients and, also, in opened recipients, and were stored in laboratory at 36 ºC for 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months. Samples were analysed for moisture and fat content, and solvent-extracted; the resulting oils were analysed for acidity, fatty acid composition, polar compounds and triglycerides. The results indicate that oil deterioration increases throughout the storage period, particularly those oils extracted from surface and from second-centrifuged two phases olive pomace. The surface/volume ratio in the ponds should be as low as possible. Special attention should be paid to the storage of two phases olive pomace, establishing a maximum of two months in all cases.Durante la campaña 1999-2000 se han tomado muestras reales de orujo de balsas de almacenamiento, cada mes hasta un máximo de 5 meses, y de lotes de orujo de dos fases almacenados en el laboratorio, en recipientes cerrados y abiertos, a 36 ºC durante 0, 2, 4 y 6 meses, correspondientes a masas centrifugadas una y dos veces (repasada). Se han analizado la humedad y riqueza grasa de las muestras y la acidez, composición en ácidos grasos, compuestos polares y triglicéridos de los aceites extraídos con disolvente. Los resultados indican que no es aconsejable el almacenamiento del orujo de dos fases en balsas por un tiempo superior a dos meses ya que podría suponer un serio detrimento a la calidad del aceite obtenido, siendo mayor en aquellos de masas centrifugadas dos veces (repasadas) y, sobre todo, en las zonas superficiales, por lo que las balsas deberían tener una relación superficie/volumen lo menor posible

Fish and Coral Reef Communities of the Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (Veracruz Coral Reef System National Park) Veracruz, Mexico: Preliminary Results

Effective resource management requires robust baseline datasets and efficient monitoring programs to identify and quantify temporal change. The Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (Veracruz Coral Reef System National Park) encompasses a total of 52000ha including 23 coral reefs in two island groups separated by the mouth of the Jamapa River; one near the port of Veracruz, Mexico and one approximately 20km south near Punta Antón Lizardo. Both groups receive substantial fisheries pressure and other anthropogenic impacts. Using non-destructive, visual methods we surveyed fish and benthic assemblages at 18 sites, which included 10 individual coral reefs within the Park. For fishes, 221 point-count and 97 rover-diver surveys were conducted. In total, 92975 fish of 155 species were recorded. Using point-count data, fish abundance differed between Veracruz and Antón Lizardo sites (mean ± SEM: Veracruz = 535.52 ± 78.13; Antón Lizardo = 300.08 ± 30.68; p\u3c0.01, ANOVA). In contrast, there was no difference in fish species richness between these sites (Veracruz = 18.22 ± 0.36; Antón Lizardo = 18.75 ± 0.45); nor were there apparent differences in the MDS plot of Bray-Curtis similarity indices. A total of 27 stony coral species was identified on 170, 30-m point-intercept transects. Species richness ranged from 8 to 14 per site. Stony coral cover ranged from 4% to 38% with a mean of 22%. Other important functional groups included turf algae, macroalgae, and coralline algae. These groups generally contributed more to benthic cover than sponges or octocorals. Evidence of disease within the stony coral community was seen at all sites