A greenhouse gas assessment of a stadium in Australia

A greenhouse gas (GHG) life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed on a stadium used for sporting events in a subtropical region in Australia. Inventories for the construction and operation of a stadium are presented and the GHG emissions from construction, operations and end-of-life waste management are assessed against the attendance of one person at one event. The inclusion of additional economic activities, patron travel, LCA methodology, attendance and stadium life-time assumptions are likely to affect the overall magnitude of the GHG emissions of one person's attendance. The assessment shows that the stadium operation accounted for 72.5% of GHG emissions, with the operation of baseload heating, ventilation and cooling, lighting and refrigeration systems dominating. The best opportunity to reduce GHG emissions is to reduce the need for the continual operation of these systems. Construction impacts account for 24.7% of impacts, while replacement materials, end-of-life management of materials are relatively insignificant, contributing to less than 3% of life cycle GHG emissions

Relativistic Calculations for the Exclusive Photoproduction of Eta Mesons from Complex Nuclei

A relativistic model for the quasifree photoproduction of eta meson from complex nuclei is developed. The interactions between fields are introduced through effective Lagrangians. Contributions from several nucleon resonances as well as nucleon Born terms and vector meson exchange diagrams are included. Nucleon and eta wavefunctions are solutions of Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations, respectively. Final state interactions of the outgoing particles are included via optical potentials. The effects of these interactions on the cross sections and photon asymmetries are studied and are found to be large. Calculations indicate that at energies near threshold the exclusive reaction takes place mainly through formation of the S_{11}(1535) resonance. Comparisons with the non-relativistic calculations show differences between the two approaches both for the cross sections and photon asymmetries. We give some detailed predictions for the reaction observables for exclusive photoproduction on ^{12}C, ^{16}O and ^{40}Ca.Comment: Latex, 27 pages, 13 uuencoded postscript figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Capability framework for sustainable manufacturing of sports apparel and footwear

The sporting goods sector is characterized by large volumes of production, high levels of consumption and short product life cycles resulting in high disposal rates and waste. Manufacturing of sports products is distributed globally through tier-based supply chains and complex logistics systems. Companies within such supply chains have different levels of capability in sustainable manufacturing, which impacts on the sustainability of the overall business. Reducing environmental impacts is of particular concern for companies at present, due to heightened requirements for the reduction of energy and water consumption, waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article describes outcomes of a research project conducted in collaboration with a global sporting goods manufacturer that focused on the development of relevant capabilities across their supply chain for sustainable manufacturing of sports apparel and footwear. The article presents the developed sustainable manufacturing framework and capability assessment results obtained for selected companies within the supply chain of this global manufacturer in Asia

Non-locality and Medium Effects in the Exclusive Photoproduction of Eta Mesons on Nuclei

A relativistic model for the quasifree exclusive photoproduction of $\eta$ mesons on nuclei is extended to include both non-local and medium effects. The reaction is assumed to proceed via the dominant contribution of the S$_{11}$(1535) resonance. The complicated integrals resulting from the non-locality are simplified using a modified version of a method given by Cooper and Maxwell. The non-locality effects are found to affect the magnitude of the cross section. Some possibilities reflecting the effects of the medium on the propagation and properties of the intermediate S$_{11}$ resonance are studied. The effects of allowing the S$_{11}$ to interact with the medium via mean field scalar and vector potentials are considered. Both broadening of width and reduction in mass of the resonance lead to a suppression of the calculated cross sections.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure

The hematological improvement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during dietary supplementation with vitamin C after exposure to zinc nano-particles

The aim of this study was to examine the adverse effects of zinc nanoparticles on hematological indices of trout and investigate the improvement of these indices after vitamin C treatments. This study assesses the protective role of vitamin C in fish exposed to ZnO NPs. Two concentrations of ZnO-NPs (40 and 80 mg L^-1) and two doses of vitamin C (400 and 800 mg per kg of feed) were used to treat 162 specimens of Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed during the test. After 5 and 10 days of exposure, hematological data were analyzed according to routine clinical methods. Statistical analysis showed significant changes in WBCs and RBC on day 10 (p0.05), while significant increase in neutrophils and monocytes, and decrease in lymphocyte cells were recorded (p<0.05). ZnO-NPs stimulated the immune system of O. mykiss, but this effect did not have any lethality on this species at 40 and 80 mg L^-1. Vitamin C in different concentrations could help to prevent rainbow trout from the toxic effects of this nano metal

Prevention, Detection, and Management of Heart Failure in Patients Treated for Breast Cancer

Purpose of Review: Long-term survival has increased significantly in breast cancer patients, and cardiovascular side effects are surpassing cancer-related mortality. We summarize risk factors, prevention strategies, detection, and management of cardiotoxicity, with focus on left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure, during breast cancer treatment. Recent Findings: Baseline treatment of cardiovascular risk factors is recommended. Anthracycline and trastuzumab treatment constitute a substantial risk of developing cardiotoxicity. There is growing evidence that this can be treated with beta blockers and angiotensin antagonists. Early detection of cardiotoxicity with cardiac imaging and circulating cardiovascular biomarkers is currently evaluated in clinical trials. Chest wall irradiation accelerates atherosclerotic processes and induces fibrosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors require consideration for surveillance due to a small risk of severe myocarditis. Cyclin-dependent kinases4/6 inhibitors, cyclophosphamide, taxanes, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and endocrine therapy have a lower-risk profile for cardiotoxicity. Summary: Preventive and management strategies to counteract cancer treatment–related left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure in breast cancer patients should include a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment and individual clinical evaluation. This should include both patient and treatment-related factors. Further clinical trials especially on early detection, cardioprevention, and management are urgently needed. © 2020, The Author(s).Peer reviewe

The effect of involved Aspergillus species on galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with invasive aspergillosis

PURPOSE: The detection of galactomannan (GM) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is an important surrogate marker for the early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of invasive aspergillosis (IA), regardless of the involved species of Aspergillus. Here, we utilized the Platelia Aspergillus GM enzyme immunoassay (Bio-Rad) to evaluate the GM index in BAL fluid samples from patients with proven, probable or putative IA due to Aspergillusflavus versus Aspergillusfumigatus. METHODOLOGY: In a prospective study between 2009 and 2015, 116 BAL samples were collected from suspected IA patients referred to two university hospitals in Tehran, Iran. KEY FINDINGS: According to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group and Blot criteria, 35 patients were classified as IA patients, of which 33 cases tested positive for GM above 0.5 and, among these patients, 22 had a GM index >/=1. Twenty-eight were culture positive for A. flavus and seven for A. fumigatus. The GM index for A. flavus cases was between 0.5-6.5 and those of A. fumigatus ranged from 1 to 6.5. The sensitivity and specificity of a GM index >/=0.5 in cases with A. flavus were 86 and 88 % and for A. fumigatus patients were 100 and 73 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, the mean GM index in patients with A. fumigatus (3.1) was significantly higher than those of A. flavus (1.6; P-value=0.031) and the sensitivity of GM lower for A. flavus when compared to A. fumigatus. This finding has implications for diagnosis in hospitals and countries with a high proportion of A. flavus infections

Relativistic mean field approximation to the analysis of 16O(e,e'p)15N data at |Q^2|\leq 0.4 (GeV/c)^2

We use the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation to analyze data on 16O(e,e'p)15N at |Q^2|\leq 0.4 (GeV/c)^2 that were obtained by different groups and seemed controversial. Results for differential cross-sections, response functions and A_TL asymmetry are discussed and compared to different sets of experimental data for proton knockout from p_{1/2} and p_{3/2} shells in 16O. We compare with a nonrelativistic approach to better identify relativistic effects. The present relativistic approach is found to accommodate most of the discrepancy between data from different groups, smoothing a long standing controversy.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures (eps). Major revision made. New figures added. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Homeless and marginally housed Veteran perspectives on participating in a photo-elicitation research study

Photo-elicitation interviewing (PEI) seems a valuable tool for engaging marginalized populations in research despite documented challenges. Given limited data on acceptability of PEI among homeless and marginally housed Veterans, this evaluation aimed to characterize their research experience. Veterans took photographs about health, health behaviors, and health care which facilitated semi-structured interviews. Their research study experience was assessed via a modified Reactions to Research Participation Questionnaire-Revised (RRPQ-R), along with additional survey and open-ended questions. Of the 20 participants who consented and participated, 16 (80%) completed the exit surveys. Most participants (\u3e88%) indicated favorable experiences and limited drawbacks. Respondents disagreed that participation was difficult or overly time consuming. Many indicated intense or unexpected emotionality. Open-ended responses indicated appreciation of photography, interview experiences, and connection with study staff. Transportation was the most cited barrier. Overall, experiences were reportedly emotionally challenging, but positive. PEI appears to be acceptable to homeless and marginally housed Veterans for eliciting their perspectives

Relativistic versus Nonrelativistic Optical Potentials in A(e,e'p)B Reactions

We investigate the role of relativistic and nonrelativistic optical potentials used in the analysis of ($e,e'p$) data. We find that the relativistic calculations produce smaller ($e,e'p$) cross sections even in the case in which both relativistic and nonrelativistic optical potentials fit equally well the elastic proton--nucleus scattering data. Compared to the nonrelativistic impulse approximation, this effect is due to a depletion in the nuclear interior of the relativistic nucleon current, which should be taken into account in the nonrelativistic treatment by a proper redefinition of the effective current operator.Comment: Added one new figure, the formalism section has been enlarged and the list of references updated. Added one appendix. This version will appear in Phys. Rev. C. Revtex 3.0, 6 figures (not included). Full postscript version of the file and figures available at http://www.nikhefk.nikhef.nl/projects/Theory/preprints