Occurrence of ferropyrosmalite in the mineralizated breccias from Igarap? Bahia Au-Cu-(?REE-U) deposit, Caraj?s mineral province.

Nos ?ltimos anos, diversos trabalhos t?m reportado a presen?a de minerais da s?rie da pirosmalita [(Fe,Mn)8Si6O15(OH,CI)10] em dep?sitos de sulfetos maci?os vulcano-exalativos e dep?sitos de Fe-Mn metamorfizados. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma descri??o in?dita da ferropirosmalita no dep?sito de Au-Cu-(?ETR-U) de Igarap? Bahia, localizado no distrito auro-cupr?fero da Prov?ncia Mineral de Caraj?s. Admite-se que esse dep?sito foi gerado por processos similares ?queles envolvidos na g?nese dos dep?sitos da classe ?xidos de ferro-(Au-Cu-U-ETR) do tipo Olympic Dam. A ferropirosmalita descrita ocorre sob dois contextos: ?) associada a veios e v?nulas carbon?ticas; e ii) associada a brechas heterol?ticas compostas por fragmentos de forma??o ferr?fera bandada, metavulc?nicas b?sicas e matriz rica em magnetita, calcopirita, bornita, pirita, siderita, minerais ricos em ur?nio e elementos terras raras, anfib?lio, stilpnomelana, clorita e quartzo. O crescimento da ferropirosmalita teria envolvido a substitui??o de minerais ricos em ferro (clorita, magnetita e siderita), controlado pela introdu??o de fluidos magm?ticos ricos em cloro. A percola??o dos fluidos foi induzida pela permeabilidade elevada das brechas e tamb?m pela descontinuidade ao longo das paredes de v?nulas carbon?ticas. O modo de ocorr?ncia da ferropirosmalita e o seu rescimento em equil?brio com anfib?lio (ferro-hornblenda actinol?tica) s?o sugestivos de crescimento metassom?tico para o mineral, supostamente sob condi??es t?rmicas na transi??o das f?cies xisto verde/anfibolito. A ferropirosmalita descrita no dep?sito de Au-Cu-(?ETR-U) de Igarap? Bahia representa assim um exemplo pouco comum da forma??o desse mineral sob condi??o hidrotermal/magm?tica.In the last years, several works report the presence of pyrosmalite mineral series [(Fe,Mn)8Si6O15(OH,C1)10] commonly associated with volcanic exhalative massive sulphide or Fe-Mn metamorphosed deposits. In this paper, we present the inedit occurrence of ferropyrosmalite in the Au-Cu (+REE-U) of Igarap? Bahia deposit, located in the Au-Cu district of the Caraj?s Mineral Province. We consider the Igarap? Bahia mineralization as being related to the g?nesis of iron-oxide class deposit, like the Olympic Dam type. Ferropyrosmalite occurs in two different contexts: i) associated with carbonate veins; ii) associated with heterolithic breccias, composed by BIF and mafic metavolcanic fragments imersed in a magnetite, ch?lcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, carbonates (calcite to siderite), uranium and REE minerais, and gold, -rich matrix. The growth of ferropyrosmalite is probably due to the substitution of iron rich minerais (chlorite, magnetite and siderite), controled by magmatic fluid influx rich in chlorine. The permeability of breccias and the discontinuity of veins favour fluid percolation. The mode of occurrence of ferropyrosmalite and its relation with amphibole (ferro-hornblende-actinolite) indicate metasomatic growth of the former under temperatures in the transition of greenschist/amphibolite f?cies. The ferropyrosmalite of the Igarap? Bahia deposit represents an uncommom type of occurrence linked to hydrothermal/magmatic conditions

Response of three semi-arid savannas on contrasting soils to the removal of the woody component

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg for the Degree or Doctor or Philosophy October 1987A t h r e e - y e a r study was un dertaken in the semi-arid (500mm p a . ) n o rth -eastern lowland area of South Afric a. All the woody plants were removed from one -hectare savanna plots on three d i f f e r e n t soil types , and key hydrological and biological changes were monitored relative to adjacent controls. Runoff increased initially, but decreased once the grass cover increased. Deep drainage and lateral subsurface flow increased on the sandiest site. Evaporation from the soil surface increased on the heavier t e x t u r e d soils. The duration of plant - available water in the soil increased on all cleared p l o t s . & The p re - c l e a r in g woody plant abo veground biomass was in the range of of which 0 . 6 6 to 0 . 8 0 t ha was 5.6 to 11.2 t ha -1 leaf biomass. The annual herbaceous production was stron gly rainfal' dep endent, averaging 1 to 1.5 t ha -1 , and increased by 0 . 4 - 0 6 t .ha -1 except on the most f erti le site ( 0 . 6 - 2 0 t ha ) . Total available forage increased with c l e a ring, but so did its variability The observed changes in herbaceous layer palatability could not be a t trib u t e d to clearing. Woody plants and grasses wore shown to have w a te r- u s e niche separation in both rooting depth and time of water use. Simulation over forty years of wetting patterns indicated 75 to 85 % niche overlap, w t h separation on the depth axis more important in sandy sites, and on the time axis in clayey sites. Competition between woody plants and grasses was strongly asymmetrical in favour of woody plants. w

A Study of the Recidivism Rate of First Offenders at Louisiana Correctional and Industrial School Who Completed Vocational Training Through L.C.I.S./Sowela Institute

T h e p i.i. r p 0 s e o f\u27 t h e s t \u27J. d y w a. •=• t o d e t e r rn i n & i t 1 n m a t e s r e 1 e a. s e d +\u27 r c\u3e rn i_ o u i s i a n a C o r r e c t i o n a. 1 a n d Industrial School who completed a v o c a t i o n a 1 t r a i n i n 9 p r 0 9 r a rn t h r 0 u. 9 h L • C • I • S ■ S 0 w e l a T e c h n i c a 1 I n s t i t u t 0 h a d a 1 o w e r r a t e o f 0 f r e c i d i v i s rn t h a n t h 0 s e w h 0 d i d n ot c 0 rn p 1 e t e t r a i ti i ti 9 j u. s i n 9 a 9 e a s a v a r i a b 1 e ■ The population for this study consisted of a r a n d o rn s a rn pie o f\u27 99 i n rn a t es r e 1 e a se d i n t o t h e 9 e n e r a 1 p o p u 1 a t i 0 n 0 f\u27 L o u. i s i a n a p r i o r t o 1 9 S 3- T h e s e s u b ,i ec t s o 1 a n t a r i 1 y c o rn p 1 e t e d oc a. t i o n a 1 t r a 1 n i n9 i n in e 1 d i. n 9 ? a u t o m e c h a n i c s ? o r t\u3c 0 d y a n d f e n d e r repair betweeri the years 1376-1982 • The control s a rn p 1 e c o ns i s t e d 0f 101 i n rn a tes selects d r a n d o rn 1 y + rom the tot a1 p r i so n p op u 1 a t i on at L • C ■ I • S ■ dur i n9 19,-b- and who were released into the general P o p u 1 a t i o n o t L o u. i s i a ti a p r i o r t o 1983. Three years were a 110wed f\u270r the reci d ivism period- R e c i d i v i s rn w a s 0 p e r a t i 0 n a 1 i z e d a s r e t u r n 1 n 9 t o p r i s 0 fi o r o b t a i n i ti 9 a n e w f e 1 o n y \u3e_ h a r 9 e ? v e r i f\u27 i e d fc\u3e y Loij. i s i a na Dep- a.r t rne r 11 of Correc t i o ns dat a. a. nd the FBI c 0 rn p u t e r s y s t e rn. C h i - s q u. a re t e s t s were p e r f\u27 0 r m e d t o deter rn i n e the re 1 a t i 0 n s h i. p b e t w e e n t r a i n i n 9 a n d r ec i d i v i srn , t he re 1 -at j r. nship be twee n a•?e a nd completing t r a i n i n y \u3e and between age at release and recidivism- T h e m e d i a n a 9 e o f\u27 t h e p o p u 1 a t1 o n w a s 2 4.3 9 years- The younger subgroup ranged in age + row ly y e a. r s t0 2 4 y e a r s ■ The aide r s u. b 9 r o u. p rn e rn b e r s w ere greater than 25 years old. Treatment alone was not significant in reducing recidivism- Of all prisoners c o m pie t i n 9 v o c a t i o n a 1 t r a i n i n 9 6 3.3 \u27\u3c w ere o 1 d e r t h a n 2 5 y e a r s • ft 9 e w a s s i 9 n i f i c a n t i n c o m p 1 e t i n 9 t r e a t m e n t 1.1.1 i t h a chi s q V. a re sc o r e o ft 3 • 3 3 ? a t t h e • ft 5 1 e v e 1 o f s i 9n i ft i ca nce• Age a t t i rne oft re 1 ea se wa s r e 1. a t o d to reduced recidivism. This variable was significant w i t h a ch i sq u.ar e va ]. ue of 5 • 3 5 . a t the • ft 2 1 e• e 1 oft s i9 n ift icanc e. Prison e r s ove r 25 y ears of a g e had a recidivism rate of £2*4 \u27. while those prisoners who w ere y ou. n9e r h a d a r ec i d i v 1 s m r a t e o ft 4ft ■ 2. • The combined effect of treatment and age was significant i n r e duc 1 n9 r ec i d i v ism, w i t h a chi- s q u. ar e v a 1 u. e o ft a t the ■ d 5 1 e e 1 o ft s i 9 n i ft 1 c a n c e

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI KARIR MELALUI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KARIR PADA ANAK DI PANTI SOSIAL ASUHAN ANAK ( PSAA) “B UDH I B H AKT I” GUNUNG KIDUL TAH UN 2012

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI KARIR MELALUI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KARIR PADA ANAK DI PANTI SOSIAL ASUHAN ANAK ( PSAA) “B UDH I B H AKT I” GUNUNG KIDUL TAH UN 2012 Oleh Cahya Adhi NIM. 0514244023 AB S T RAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi karir melalui layanan bimbingan karir pada anak “PSAA” Budhi Bhakti , Gunung Kidul .Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan ( act i on res earch ) dengan menggunakan model Kemmis dan Taggart yang di laksanakan dalam dua siklus terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu 1 ) perencanaan, 2 ) t i n dakan, 3 ) observasi , dan 4 ) refl eksi . Subyek sebanyak 23 o r ang ad al ah 1 ) bel um m em i l i ki m ot i vasi kari r s esuai den gan ya n g di har apkan , 2 ) b el um dapat m en et apk an t u j uan kari r se car a spesi fi k, 3 ) b el um dapat pem aham an duni a kerj a, ham b at an d an 4 ) car a m en gat asi ha m bat an, dan m erenc anakan m as a dep an sert a bel um dapat m enent ukan al t ern at i f t i ndakan seca ra operasi onal . J eni s t i ndak an yan g di l akukan adal a h pene rapan l a yan an bi m bi ngan kari r m el al ui m et ode di skusi . Kol aborat or t e rdi ri at a s seoran g P em bi na pan t i sebagai pel aksana t i ndakan, dan t i ga or an g m ah asi swa seba gai observ er b ersa m a den gan penel i t i . Tekni k pengum pul an dat a m enggun aka n t i ga i nst rum en yai t u s kal a, l em bar observasi , dan p edom a n wawan car a. Anal i si s dat a di l akukan den ga n deskri pt i f kuant i t at i f. Hasi l penel i t i an m enun j ukkan bahwa l a yan an bi m bi ngan k ari r m el a l ui m et ode di sk usi dapat m eni ngk at kan m ot i vasi ka ri r an ak di p ant i asuhan anak sosi al “P S AA” Budhi Bh akt i , Gunung Ki dul . La yan an bi m bi ngan ka ri r m el al ui m et ode di skusi dapat 1 ) m eni m bul kan kom uni kasi yan g efekt i f, 2 ) sub yek s al i ng beri nt eraksi dan bert uk ar p endapat d al am m em ec ahkan m asal ah, dan 3 ) m eni m bul kan kepedul i an, m i nat , dan kei ngi nt ahua n. P eni ngkat an m ot i vasi kari r para sub ye k dapat di l i hat dari hasi l skor pra t i ndakan, si kl us I, d an si kl us II. Keada an sub yek seb el um di l akukan t i ndakan rat a-r at a skor skal a anak asuh adal ah 82,48 set el ah di l akukan t i ndakan pada si kl us I m eni n gk at m en j adi 1 02,48 dan set el ah di l akukan t i ndakan p a da si kl us II m eni ngkat m enj adi 1 31, 61. Hasi l t ers ebut j u ga di perkuat d en gan h asi l wa wanca ra d an observasi t erhad ap sub ye k yan g m enunj u kkan ada n ya peni n gk at an m ot i vasi kari r pada anak di pant i asuhan ana k sosi al “P S AA” Budhi Bhakt i , Gunun g Ki dul . Kat a Kunci : l ayanan bi m bi ngan kari r, mot i vasi kari r

Dielectrophoretic levitation of droplets and bubbles

Uncharged droplets and bubbles can be levitated dielectrophoretically in liquids using strong, nonuniform electric fields. The general equations of motion for a droplet or bubble in an axisymmetric, divergence-free electrostatic field allow determination of the conditions necessary and sufficient for stable levitation. The design of dielectrophoretic (DEP) levitation electrode structures is simplified by a Taylor-series expansion of cusped axisymmetric electrostatic fields. Extensive experimental measurements on bubbles in insulating liquids verify the simple dielectrophoretic model. Other have extended dielectrophoretic levitation to very small particles in aqueous media. Applications of DEP levitation to the study of gas bubbles, liquid droplets, and solid particles are discussed. Some of these applications are of special interest in the reduced gravitational field of a spacecraft

Diesel exhaust and house dust mite allergen lead to common changes in the airway methylome and hydroxymethylome.

Exposures to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) from traffic and house dust mite (HDM) allergens significantly increase risks of airway diseases, including asthma. This negative impact of DEP and HDM may in part be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Beyond functioning as a mechanical barrier, airway epithelial cells provide the first line of immune defense towards DEP and HDM exposures. To understand the epigenetic responses of airway epithelial cells to these exposures, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells to DEP and HDM and studied genome-wide 5-methyl-cytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) at base resolution. We found that exposures to DEP and HDM result in elevated TET1 and DNMT1 expression, associated with 5mC and 5hmC changes. Interestingly, over 20% of CpG sites are responsive to both exposures and changes in 5mC at these sites negatively correlated with gene expression differences. These 5mC and 5hmC changes are located in genes and pathways related to oxidative stress responses, epithelial function and immune cell responses and are enriched for binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) involved in these pathways. Histone marks associated with promoters, enhancers and actively transcribed gene bodies were associated with exposure-induced DNA methylation changes. Collectively, our data suggest that exposures to DEP and HDM alter 5mC and 5hmC levels at regulatory regions bound by TFs, which coordinate with histone marks to regulate gene networks of oxidative stress responses, epithelial function and immune cell responses. These observations provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms that mediate the epithelial responses to DEP and HDM in airways