Effect of dietary free fatty acid content on growth and hepatic morphology in sole (Solea Senegalensis) juveniles

Utilization in aquaculture of unusual meals with unbalanced lipid content or inadequate previous treatment may result in harmful state for fish. This research studied the effects caused by different dietary free fatty acid (FFA) content on growth performance and hepatic morphology in liver in sole juveniles. Results revealed an inverse relationship between dietary FFA content and ability of fish to grow. Moreover, hepatic morphology analysis indicated an overall healthier status in hepatocytes of fish fed with low dietary FFA content. Dietary fatty acids must be esterified to glycerols seem an absolutely necessary requisite in sole, allowing a proper energy storing and its latter mobilisation to gain biomass.This work was supported by Interreg Project 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E, financed by the EDRF (European Regional Development Fund). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaquaLa utilizaci&oacute;n en la acuicultura de dietas inusuales con contenido lip&iacute;dico desequilibrados o tratamientos previos inadecuados puede resultar nocivo para los peces. Esta investigaci&oacute;n estudi&oacute; los efectos causados por distintas dietas con diferente contenido en &aacute;cidos grasos libres (FFA) en el crecimiento y la morfolog&iacute;a hep&aacute;tica en juveniles de lenguado. Los resultados revelaron una relaci&oacute;n inversa entre el contenido de FFA en la dieta y la capacidad de los peces para crecer. Por otra parte, el an&aacute;lisis de la morfolog&iacute;a hep&aacute;tica indic&oacute; un estado m&aacute;s saludable en los hepatocitos de los peces alimentados con una dieta baja en FFA . La esterificaci&oacute;n con glicerina de &aacute;cidos grasos es un requisito indispensable en lenguados, lo que permite un adecuado almacenamiento de energ&iacute;a y su posterior movilizaci&oacute;n para ganar biomasa.Este trabajo fue apoyado por el proyecto Interreg 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E , financiado por el FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua.</p

Caracterización química del aceite de girasol oxidado mediante UV y ozono con diferentes grados de oxidación y estudio de su acción antimicrobiana

Oxidation by the action of ozone takes place at high rates and involves the reaction of ozone molecules with fatty acid double bonds followed by the formation of stable oxidation products with biological activity. In the present work, a comparative study on sunflower oil oxidized by ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone was carried out. This study involved the chemical characterization of sunflower oil oxidized by UV irradiation and ozonation, in addition to assessing the germicidal activity of oxidized oils obtained under various conditions. The results indicated that under the conditions studied, the increase in the dose of UV irradiation did not produce significant changes in the level of oxidation of the oil. Ozonation promoted the formation of oxygenated compounds at higher rates, increasing in concentration as the applied dosage of ozone increased. The germicidal activity of the oils behaved similarly, with considerably higher activity found in the ozonized oils.La oxidación por acción del ozono tiene lugar a tasas muy altas e implica la reacción de las moléculas de ozono con los dobles enlaces de los ácidos grasos, seguida de la formación de productos de oxidación estables con actividad biológica. En el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio comparativo del aceite de girasol oxidado por luz UV y por ozono. Este estudio consistió en la caracterización química del aceite de girasol oxidado por irradiación UV y por ozonización. En segundo lugar, se evaluó la influencia en la actividad germicida potencial del producto final obtenido en varias condiciones de ozonización. Los resultados indicaron que, en las condiciones estudiadas, el aumento de la dosis de irradiación UV no produjo cambios significativos en el nivel de oxidación del aceite. La ozonización promovió la formación de compuestos oxigenados en mayor proporción, aumentando su concentración a medida que aumentaba la dosis de ozono aplicada. La actividad germicida de los aceites se comportó de forma similar, encontrándose una actividad considerablemente mayor en los aceites ozonizados

Gestational hypothyroxinemia affects its offspring with a reduced suppressive capacity impairing the outcome of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Indexación: Scopus.Hypothyroxinemia (Hpx) is a thyroid hormone deficiency (THD) condition highly frequent during pregnancy, which although asymptomatic for the mother, it can impair the cognitive function of the offspring. Previous studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism increases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune disease model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we analyzed the immune response after EAE induction in the adult offspring gestated in Hpx. Mice gestated in Hpx showed an early appearance of EAE symptoms and the increase of all parameters of the disease such as: the pathological score, spinal cord demyelination, and immune cell infiltration in comparison to the adult offspring gestated in euthyroidism. Isolated CD4+CD25+ T cells from spleen of the offspring gestated in Hpx that suffer EAE showed reduced capacity to suppress proliferation of effector T cells (TEff) after being stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments of CD4+CD25+ T cells from the offspring gestated in Hpx suffering EAE to mice that were induced with EAE showed that the receptor mice suffer more intense EAE pathological score. Even though, no significant differences were detected in the frequency of Treg cells and IL-10 content in the blood, spleen, and brain between mice gestated in Hpx or euthyroidism, T cells CD4+CD25+ from spleen have reduced capacity to differentiate in vitro to Treg and to produce IL-10. Thus, our data support the notion that maternal Hpx can imprint the immune response of the offspring suffering EAE probably due to a reduced capacity to trigger suppression. Such "imprints" on the immune system could contribute to explaining as to why adult offspring gestated in Hpx suffer earlier and more intense EAE. © 2018 Haensgen, Albornoz, Opazo, Bugueño, Jara Fernández, Binzberger, Rivero-Castillo, Venegas Salas, Simon, Cabello-Verrugio, Elorza, Kalergis, Bueno and Riedel.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01257/ful

Los mosquitos del estado de Quintana Roo, México (Diptera: Culicidae).

A study on the distribution of the mosquitoes of Quintana Roo State of México was carried out by collecting immature and adult stages during September and October 2006. The collections were made from different locations in the three physiogeographical provinces of the state: Carso Yucateco, Carso, Lomeríos de Campeche, and Costa Baja de Quintana Roo. A total of 420 larvae, 294 pupae, and 726 adults representing 13 genera and 41 species were collected. Two genera, three subgenera, and 11 species are new to the mosquito fauna of Quintana Roo State. Collection and bionomical data are included for species collected during the study, and a checklist of species newly and previously recorded from the state is provided.Un estudio de la distribución de los mosquitos del estado de Quintana Roo, México fue realizado por medio de colectas de estados inmaduros y adultos durante Septiembre y Octubre del 2006. Las colectas fueron realizadas en diferentes localidades de las tres provincias fisiográficas del estado: Carso Yucateco, Carso, Lomeríos de Campeche y Costa Baja de Quintana Roo. Un total de 420 larvas, 294 pupas y 726 adultos fueron colectados representando 13 géneros y 41 especies. Dos géneros, tres subgéneros y 11 especies son nuevos registros estatales para Quintana Roo

Characterization of submarine slides in the upper and middle slope of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

The identification and characterization of a series of complex landslides have been carried out using Topographic Parametric Sounder (TOPAS) very high resolution profiles, obtained during the INDEMARES/CHICA1011 and ARSA0313 cruises, along the upper and middle slope of the eastern Gulf of Cádiz continental margin. These landslides constitute a large area of the Upper Quaternary sedimentary deposits in these physiographic domains and are related to active tectonic and diapiric structures along the Upper Quaternary as well as sea-level fall events. The identification of the stratigraphic units has allowed us to obtain the relative age of these gravitational landslides emplacement during the Upper Quaternary.Versión del edito

The role of late Quaternary tectonic activity and sea-level changes on sedimentary processes interaction in the Gulf of Cadiz upper and middle continental slope (SW Iberia)

A morphological and seismic-stratigraphic analysis of the Gulf of Cadiz area near the Strait of Gibraltar is presented in this work, focused on the sedimentary evolution of the upper and proximal middle-continental slope since the Mid-Pleistocene. Based on the analysis of seismic reflection profiles and swath bathymetry data, this work analyses the close influence of the activity of buried and outcropping diapiric ridges and late Quaternary sea-level changes on the evolution of contouritic features related to the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) and Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW), gravitational features and fluid-escape structures. The stratigraphic architecture reveals that, under active diapiric deformation, the upper slope plastered drift grew during low sea-level stages, when sediment supply was high and the ENACW swept the upper slope, contrasting with the present-day highstand situation dominated by northwest-trending MOW flow. The south-estward ENACW flow forced asymmetry and lateral migration of gullies incised in the plastered drift. Two evolutionary stages have been established: 1) After the Mid Pleistocene, activity of diapirs with a NE trend determined the location of the deepest depressions which were infilled by plastered contouritic drifts; 2) Between Late Quaternary and present, a drastic change of buried diapirs growth pattern and orientation to a NW trend enhanced slope-derived gravitational processes affecting the bottom current dynamics. Adjustments to tectonic changes led to a phase of plastered drift growth on the upper slope during which depocenters varied their distribution and orientation. In a long-term the structural control on sedimentation shows a northwestward displacement of deformation, resulting in an overall extension of the contourite depositional system to the NW. In a short-term, sea-level changes favored drift deposition, gullies incision and the strengthening of water masses. This work evidences the importance of tectonic deformation in sedimentation at recent time scales, and the twodirectional interplay between recent tectonic activity and bottom current dynamics.Versión del edito

Transmission dynamics of an iridescent virus in an experimental mosquito population: the role of host density.

1. The transmission of insect pathogens cannot be adequately described by direct linear functions of host and pathogen density due to heterogeneity generated from behavioural or physiological traits, or from the spatial distribution of pathogen particles. Invertebrate iridescent viruses (IIVs) can cause patent and lethal infection or a covert sub-lethal infection in insects. Aedes aegypti larvae were exposed to suspensions of IIV type 6 at two densities. High larval density increased the prevalence of aggression resulting in potentially fatal wounding. 2. The overall prevalence of infection (patent + covert) was positively influenced by host density and increased with exposure time in both densities. The survival time of patently infected insects was extended by ≈ 5 days compared with non-infected insects. 3. Maximum likelihood models based on the binomial distribution were fitted to empirical results. A model incorporating heterogeneity in host susceptibility by inclusion of a pathogen-free refuge was a significantly better fit to data than an all-susceptible model, indicating that transmission is non-linear. The transmission coefficient (υ) did not differ with host density whereas the faction of the population that occupied the pathogen-free refuge (ΠR) was significantly reduced at high host density compared with the low density treatment. 4. The transmission of free-living infective stages of an IIV in Ae. aegypti larvae is non-linear, probably because of density-related changes in the frequency of aggressive encounters between hosts. This alters host susceptibility to infection and effectively reduces the proportion of hosts that occupy the pathogen-free refuge

Seafloor geomorphology of the Passage of Lanzarote (West Africa Margin): Influences of the oceanographic processes

The seafloor morphology of the Passage of Lanzarote has been analysed with the aim to know the active processes on the bottom surface related to the oceanographic context. Multibeam bathymetric data and high and very high resolution seismic profiles obtained in the SUBVENT2 cruise have been used. Five main morphological groups have been analysed: (a) Volcanic or diapiric submarine hills; (b) Tectonic features on the continental slope (linear scarps and a rhombohedral depression) related to normal faults; (c) Submarine venting at top of diapirs initially triggered circular depressions; (d) Sedimentary instabilities (gullies, canyons, mass transport deposits) are present specially on the Fuerteventura-Lanzarote ridge; and (e) Contouritic bottom features both erosive (central valley, marginal valleys) and depositional (plastered drifts) are on the central part of the passage, and are generated by the interaction of MW and the interface MW-AAIW with seafloor.Versión del edito