Selenium supplemented fertilization - effects on the selenium content of foods and the selenium intake in Finland

The effect of Se fertilization was distinct. Winter cereals were not affected as much as spring cereals due to the different cultivation and fertilization practice. The variation between the farms was large. In organic cultivation Se content of cereals was low

An Input-output Model of the North Central Region of Texas

The primary objective was to estimate the structural interrelationships of the North Central Texas Economy in 1967. This region is a thirty-one county area with a 1970 population of 3,064,560. Economic interdependencies were estimated by Input-Output analysis. The regional Input-Output Model consists of transactions, input coefficients, and interdependence coefficients tables. Monetary values of transactions among 108 processing sectors, of sales to final demand (including regional household consumption and exports), and of purchases in addition to local interindustry transactions (including household payments and imports) are estimated in the transactions table from primary and secondary data. Input coefficients estimate the value of inputs required from each processing sector to produce one dollar of output for a sector. Interdependence coefficients show the total required expansion of output in all regional processing sectors as a result of a dollar of output for a sector

Vammaiset nuoret ja työntekijäkansalaisuus : Osallistumisen esteitä ja edellytyksiä

Tutkimuksessa on tarkasteltu vammaisten nuorten aikuisten työntekijäkansalaisuuden esteitä ja edellytyksiä. Työntekijäkansalaisuus tarkoittaa taloudellista ja sosiaalista sidettä, jonka työ muodostaa yksilön ja yhteiskunnan välille. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 21 vammaisen nuoren ja 15 työnantajan haastatteluista. Nuoret olivat pääosin liikunta- tai näkövammaisia. Tutkimusmenetelmänä oli aineistolähtöinen sisällönanalyysi. Nuorista vajaa puolet oli töissä ja loput olivat työnhakijoita tai opiskelijoita. Lähes kaikilla oli kuitenkin työkokemusta. Työllistymishistoriat olivat hyvin vaihtelevia. Jotkut olivat työllistyneet helposti, toiset törmänneet ennakkoluuloihin ja monet joutuivat todistelemaan osaamistaan enemmän kuin vammattomat nuoret. Nuoret työskentelivät usein tieto- ja sosiaalialoilla. Työpaikat olivat melko esteettömiä ja nuorilla oli riittävät apuvälineet. Tietotyössä vammalla oli hyvin vähän vaikutusta työtehtävien suorittamiseen. Työllistymistä edistäviä tekijöitä olivat hyvä koulutus, opintoihin liittyvä työharjoittelu, nuorten oma rohkeus ja aktiivisuus sekä työllistämistä ja työntekoa tukevat palvelut, kuten välittävät organisaatiot ja palkkatuki. Kehitysvammaisille nuorille työhönvalmennuksella on keskeinen rooli työtehtävien oppimisessa ja työtehtävistä suoriutumisessa. Kelan tuki mahdollisti ratkaisevasti nuorten opiskelua ja työssäkäyntiä, mutta hakuprosessit koettiin raskaiksi. Nuorten mielestä pysyvää vammaa ei pitäisi jatkuvasti joutua todistamaan. Fysioterapian merkitys työkyvyn ylläpitäjänä korostui ja osa oli joutunut kamppailemaan saadakseen riittävästi fysioterapiaa. Sekä nuorten että työnantajien mielestä työkyvyttömyyseläkkeen ansaintarajaa tulisi korottaa. Toivottiin myös, että palkka- ja töidenjärjestelytuesta ja muista tuista löytyisi helposti ja keskitetysti tietoa. Työnantajien päähuomio on olemassa olevan henkilöstön työssä jaksamisen tukemisessa ja työtehtävien mukauttamisessa. Suomessa on kuitenkin kasvava joukko yrityksiä, jotka rekrytoivat vammaisia työntekijöitä osana yrityksen monimuotoisuuspolitiikkaa.20,00 euro

Rational Symplectic Field Theory for Legendrian knots

We construct a combinatorial invariant of Legendrian knots in standard contact three-space. This invariant, which encodes rational relative Symplectic Field Theory and extends contact homology, counts holomorphic disks with an arbitrary number of positive punctures. The construction uses ideas from string topology.Comment: 58 pages, many figures; v3: minor corrections; final version, to appear in Inventiones Mathematica

Dark energy and key physical parameters of clusters of galaxies

We study physics of clusters of galaxies embedded in the cosmic dark energy background. Under the assumption that dark energy is described by the cosmological constant, we show that the dynamical effects of dark energy are strong in clusters like the Virgo cluster. Specifically, the key physical parameters of the dark mater halos in clusters are determined by dark energy: 1) the halo cut-off radius is practically, if not exactly, equal to the zero-gravity radius at which the dark matter gravity is balanced by the dark energy antigravity; 2) the halo averaged density is equal to two densities of dark energy; 3) the halo edge (cut-off) density is the dark energy density with a numerical factor of the unity order slightly depending on the halo profile. The cluster gravitational potential well in which the particles of the dark halo (as well as galaxies and intracluster plasma) move is strongly affected by dark energy: the maximum of the potential is located at the zero-gravity radius of the cluster.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

The air-launched autonomous micro observer

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 39(4), (2022): 491–502, https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0046.1.The Air-Launched Autonomous Micro Observer (ALAMO) is a versatile profiling float that can be launched from an aircraft to make temperature and salinity observations of the upper ocean for over a year with high temporal sampling. Similar in dimensions and weight to an airborne expendable bathythermograph (AXBT), but with the same capability as Argo profiling floats, ALAMOs can be deployed from an A-sized (sonobuoy) launch tube, the stern ramp of a cargo plane, or the door of a small aircraft. Unlike an AXBT, however, the ALAMO float directly measures pressure, can incorporate additional sensors, and is capable of performing hundreds of ocean profiles compared to the single temperature profile provided by an AXBT. Upon deployment, the float parachutes to the ocean, releases the air-deployment package, and immediately begins profiling. Ocean profile data along with position and engineering information are transmitted via the Iridium satellite network, automatically processed, and then distributed by the Global Telecommunications System for use by the operational forecasting community. The ALAMO profiling mission can be modified using the two-way Iridium communications to change the profiling frequency and depth. Example observations are included to demonstrate the ALAMO’s utility.This work was supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration under Grants NA13OAR4830233 (as part of CINAR Sandy Supplemental funding from the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013) and NA14OAR4320158 and by Office of Naval Research under Grants N0001416WX01384, N0001416WX01262, and N000141512293. ALAMO floats are commercially available from MRV Systems, LLC (https://www.mrvsys.com)

Binary Models for Marginal Independence

Log-linear models are a classical tool for the analysis of contingency tables. In particular, the subclass of graphical log-linear models provides a general framework for modelling conditional independences. However, with the exception of special structures, marginal independence hypotheses cannot be accommodated by these traditional models. Focusing on binary variables, we present a model class that provides a framework for modelling marginal independences in contingency tables. The approach taken is graphical and draws on analogies to multivariate Gaussian models for marginal independence. For the graphical model representation we use bi-directed graphs, which are in the tradition of path diagrams. We show how the models can be parameterized in a simple fashion, and how maximum likelihood estimation can be performed using a version of the Iterated Conditional Fitting algorithm. Finally we consider combining these models with symmetry restrictions

Infants born to women with substance use: Exploring early neurobehavior with the Dubowitz neurological examination

BackgroundThere is a special concern regarding substance using pregnant women due to the possible adverse effects on the infant. While the immediate effects of prenatal substance exposure are well known, the long-term data on the infants' neurodevelopment is inconclusive.AimsThe purpose of this study was to assess early neurobehavior of infants of mothers with substance use using the Dubowitz examination and to follow their neuromotor development until one year of age.Study design and subjectsNinety-five pregnant women with a recent history of substance use were recruited and followed up at the maternity outpatient clinic. Follow-up data was collected from hospital records and maternal interviews. The Dubowitz neurological examination was performed to the 54 clinically healthy term infants. The results were converted into optimality scores and compared to normative values from clinically healthy term infants derived from a separate normative population. The infant's neuromotor development was followed up to one year of age.ResultsOnly 7% of the infants born to women with recent or current substance use reached optimal scores (n = 30) of these infants was found normal.ConclusionsA high percentage of infants of mothers who were referred prenatally to hospital due to substance use showed suboptimal neurological findings during their first days of life.</div

Gingival cell growth with antiresorptive treatment combined with corticosteroids or antiestrogen

Objectives: Antiresorptive treatment has been shown to impair mucosal cell proliferation, migration, and viability. However, in the clinic, antiresorptives are often used in combination with other drugs. We studied the effect of antiresorptives combined with a corticosteroid or antiestrogen on oral mucosal keratinocytes and fibroblasts.Material and methods: Human gingival keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines were exposed to bisphosphonates (BPs) and denosumab in different concentrations and durations together with an antiestrogen or corticosteroid. Changes in cell viability, proliferation and migration after exposures were measured. Data were evaluated with hierarchical linear mixed model for repeated measurements.Results: Bisphosphonate exposure suppressed keratinocyte and fibroblast cell viability, proliferation, and migration in a time-dependent manner. Combining a corticosteroid or antiestrogen with BPs further increased this negative effect. Denosumab alone had a mild positive effect on keratinocyte and fibroblast growth. When denosumab was combined with a corticosteroid or antiestrogen, cell growth was suppressed.Conclusions: Our results show that coexisting medications may increase the negative impact of BPs or denosumab on oral mucosal cells

Conceptual Problems of Fractal Cosmology

This report continues recent Peebles-Turner debate "Is cosmology solved?" and considers the first results for Sandage's program for "Practical cosmology". A review of conceptual problems of modern cosmological models is given, among them: the nature of the space expansion; recession velocities of distant galaxies more than velocity of light; cosmological Friedmann force; continuous creation of gravitating mass in Friedmann's equation; cosmological pressure is not able to produce a work; cosmological gravitational frequency shift; Friedmann-Holtsmark paradox; the problem of the cosmological constant; Einstein's and Mandelbrot's Cosmological Principles; fractality of observed galaxy distribution; Sandage's 21st problem: Hubble - de Vaucouleurs paradox; quantum nature of gravity force.Comment: 17 pages, no Figures, report presented at Gamow Memorial Conference, August 1999, St.-Petersburg, Russi