68 research outputs found
Type 1 Diabetes and the Brain: A Bittersweet Relationship?
Diamant, M. [Promotor]Snoek, F.J. [Promotor]Klein, M. [Copromotor]Barkhof, F. [Copromotor
Triticale biedt perspectief op droge zandgrond
. Triticale is goed in het rantsoen van zowel melkgevende koeien, droge koeien als jongvee in te passen. Aandachtspunten bij de voeding zijn eiwit, mineralen en zetmeel
Triticale voor melkvee en jongvee
Op proefbedrijf Cranendonck zijn drie proeven met melkvee en drie proeven met jongvee uitgevoerd om ervaring op te doen met het voeren van triticale Gehele Planten Silage (GPS)
Motivation: key to a healthy lifestyle in people with diabetes? Current and emerging knowledge and applications
Aim
Motivation to take up and maintain a healthy lifestyle is key to diabetes prevention and management. Motivations are driven by factors on the psychological, biological and environmental levels, which have each been studied extensively in various lines of research over the past 25 years. Here, we analyse and reflect on current and emerging knowledge on motivation in relation to lifestyle behaviours, with a focus on people with diabetes or obesity. Structured according to psychological, (neuroâ)biological and broader environmental levels, we provide a scoping review of the literature and highlight frameworks used to structure motivational concepts. Results are then put in perspective of applicability in (clinical) practice.
Results
Over the past 25 years, research focusing on motivation has grown exponentially. Socialâcognitive and selfâdetermination theories have driven research on the key motivational concepts âselfâefficacyâ and âselfâdeterminationâ. Neuroâcognitive research has provided insights in the processes that are involved across various layers of a complex cortical network of motivation, reward and cognitive control. On an environmental â more upstream â level, motivations are influenced by characteristics in the built, social, economic and policy environments at various scales, which have provided entry points for environmental approaches influencing behaviour.
Conclusions
Current evidence shows that motivation is strongly related to a person's selfâefficacy and capability to initiate and maintain healthy choices, and to a health climate that supports autonomous choices. Some approaches targeting motivations have been shown to be promising, but more research is warranted to sustainably reduce the burden of diabetes in individuals and populations
Opnieuw veel melk uit triticale
Het is goed mogelijk om in een rantsoen met graskuil de snijmaos te vervangen door gehele planten silage (GPS) van triticale. De melkproductie kan zonder meer op peil blijven. Goed inkuilen bevordert de voerkwaliteit en daarmee de productie. Voldoendeaandacht voor de energievoorziening van met name hoogproductieve koeien is wel nodig
Cognitive Functioning and Hippocampal Connectivity in Patients With Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes and Apolipoprotein E Δ4
OBJECTIVE: While the apolipoprotein E Δ4 allele (ApoE-Δ4) is related to cognitive and brain decline in the general population, its effect on the brain in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to determine the interaction between ApoE-Δ4 and T1DM on cognitive performance and hippocampal structure and connectivity as the brain area most vulnerable to ApoE-Δ4 effects in adult patients with T1DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood sampling was performed in 104 patients with T1DM and 49 control subjects for ApoE genotyping, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging to determine hippocampal volume and resting-state connectivity. The interaction between T1DM status and ApoE-Δ4 presence was investigated and adjusted for age and mean systolic blood pressure. RESULTS: ApoE genotyping could not be performed for three patients with T1DM. Significant interaction effects, indicating a differential effect of ApoE-Δ4 between both groups, were found for overall cognitive functioning and for the subdomains of information processing speed and attention. Additionally, interaction effects were present for right hippocampal connectivity with the right posterior cingulate and supramarginal gyri. Subsequent group analysis showed that patients with T1DM with ApoE-Δ4 performed worse on these cognitive domains with increased connectivity, relative to their counterparts without ApoE-Δ4. In contrast, no cognitive effects, but decreased connectivity, were observed in control subjects with ApoE-Δ4. In patients with T1DM, higher right hippocampus connectivity with the posterior cingulate gyrus was related to poorer overall cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The results may suggest that ApoE-Δ4 presence leaves our patients with T1DM more susceptible to cognitive decrements at a younger age, possibly through vascular pathways, warranting further longitudinal studies
Accelerated executive functions decline and gray matter structural changes in middle-aged type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with proliferative retinopathy
Background
The aim of the present study was to determine trajectories of cognitive and cortical changes over time in middleâaged patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and proliferative retinopathy.
Methods
Twentyâfive patients and 25 controls underwent neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging twice in a mean (±SD) of 3.56â±â0.65 and 3.94â±â0.91âyears, respectively (Pâ=â0.098). Cognitive assessment included the domains of general cognitive ability, memory, information processing speed, executive functions, attention, and motor and psychomotor speed. Symmetrized percentage change in local cortical thickness, surface area, and volume was determined using the FreeSurfer 6 vertexâwise general linear model method. Analyses were performed uncorrected and corrected for baseline systolic blood pressure and depressive symptoms.
Results
In patients versus controls, accelerated executive function decline was accompanied by, but not related to, lower left frontal and temporal surface area, left parietal and right frontal thickness, and bilateral frontal and right posterior cingulate volume (familyâwise error [FWE]âcorrected Pâ<â0.05 for all). In patients, lower executive performance was related to loss of right precuneus surface area (PFWEâ=â0.005). Higher HbA1c during followâup was related to executive function decline (râ=ââ0.509, Pâ=â0.016) and loss of left hemisphere surface area (rcorrected analysisâ=ââ0.555, Pâ=â0.007).
Conclusions
After 3.5âyears of followâup, middleâaged T1DM patients with proliferative retinopathy, mild focal changes in executive functions, and cortical structure were found, which may indicate accelerated aging
Motivation: key to a healthy lifestyle in people with diabetes? Current and emerging knowledge and applications
Aim
Motivation to take up and maintain a healthy lifestyle is key to diabetes prevention and management. Motivations are driven by factors on the psychological, biological and environmental levels, which have each been studied extensively in various lines of research over the past 25 years. Here, we analyse and reflect on current and emerging knowledge on motivation in relation to lifestyle behaviours, with a focus on people with diabetes or obesity. Structured according to psychological, (neuroâ)biological and broader environmental levels, we provide a scoping review of the literature and highlight frameworks used to structure motivational concepts. Results are then put in perspective of applicability in (clinical) practice.
Results
Over the past 25 years, research focusing on motivation has grown exponentially. Socialâcognitive and selfâdetermination theories have driven research on the key motivational concepts âselfâefficacyâ and âselfâdeterminationâ. Neuroâcognitive research has provided insights in the processes that are involved across various layers of a complex cortical network of motivation, reward and cognitive control. On an environmental â more upstream â level, motivations are influenced by characteristics in the built, social, economic and policy environments at various scales, which have provided entry points for environmental approaches influencing behaviour.
Conclusions
Current evidence shows that motivation is strongly related to a person's selfâefficacy and capability to initiate and maintain healthy choices, and to a health climate that supports autonomous choices. Some approaches targeting motivations have been shown to be promising, but more research is warranted to sustainably reduce the burden of diabetes in individuals and populations
Cerebral effects of glucagonâlike peptideâ1 receptor blockade before and after RouxâenâY gastric bypass surgery in obese women: A proofâofâconcept restingâstate functional MRI study
Aim:
To assess the effects of RouxâenâY gastric bypass surgery (RYGB)ârelated changes in glucagonâlike peptideâ1 (GLPâ1) on cerebral restingâstate functioning in obese women.
Materials and Methods:
In nine obese females aged 40â54âyears in the fasted state, we studied the effects of RYGB and GLPâ1 on five a priori selected networks implicated in foodâ and rewardârelated processes as well as environment monitoring (default mode, right frontoparietal, basal ganglia, insula/anterior cingulate and anterior cingulate/orbitofrontal networks).
Results:
Before surgery, GLPâ1 receptor blockade (using exendin9â39) was associated with increased right caudate nucleus (basal ganglia network) and decreased right middle frontal (right frontoparietal network) connectivity compared with placebo. RYGB resulted in decreased right orbitofrontal (insula/anterior cingulate network) connectivity. In the default mode network, after surgery, GLPâ1 receptor blockade had a larger effect on connectivity in this region than GLPâ1 receptor blockade before RYGB (all PFWEâ<â.05). Results remained similar after correction for changes in body weight. Default mode and right frontoparietal network connectivity changes were related to changes in body mass index and food scores after RYGB.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest GLPâ1 involvement in restingâstate networks related to food and reward processes and monitoring of the internal and external environment, pointing to a potential role for GLPâ1âinduced changes in restingâstate connectivity in RYGBâmediated weight loss and appetite control
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