Compositional analysis of the association between mortality and 24-hour movement behaviour from NHANES

Aims:Previous prospective studies of the association between mortality and physical activity have generally not fully accounted for the interplay between movement behaviours. A compositional data modelling approach accounts for relative scale and co-dependency in time-use data across physical activity behaviours of the 24-hour day. Methods:A prospective analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 on N = 1468 adults (d = 135 deaths) in ages 50-79 years was undertaken using compositional Cox regression analysis. Daily time spent in sedentary behaviour, light intensity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was determined from waist-mounted accelerometer data (Actigraph 7164) and supplemented with self-reported sleep data to determine the daily time-use composition. Results:The composition of time spent in sedentary behaviour, LIPA, MVPA and sleep was associated with mortality rate after allowing for age and sex effects (p < 0.001), and remained significant when other lifestyle factors were added (p < 0.001). This was driven primarily by the preponderance of MVPA; however, significant changes are attributable to LIPA relative to sedentary behaviour and sleep, and sedentary behaviour relative to sleep. The final ratio ceased to be statistically significant after incorporating lifestyle factors. The preponderance of MVPA ceased to be statistically significant after incorporating health at outset and physical limitations on movement. Conclusions: An association is inferred between survival rate and the physical activity composition of the day. The MVPA time share is important, but time spent in LIPA relative to sedentary behaviour and sleep is also a significant factor. Increased preponderance of MVPA may have detrimental associations at higher levels of MVPA

Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change scores for fitness assessment in older adults with type 2 diabetes

Click on the DOI link to access the article (may not be free).Purpose: To assess the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and to determine the minimal detectable change (MDC95) scores of the data for the Hand Grip Strength Test, the Chair Sit and Reach Test (CSRT), the Timed "Up and Go" (TUG) test, the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and 30 seconds Sit to Stand Test (30s-STS) test in older adults with type 2 NIDDM. Design: Test-retest reliability. Methods: Eighteen subject participated in two sessions (1 week apart), which included the different tests. Findings: High ICCs (>= 0.92) were found for all tests. The MDC95 scores were as follows: 4.0 kg for Hand Grip Strength Tests, 7.5 cm for the right leg-CSRT, 9.0 cm for the left leg-CSRT, 1.0 second for the TUG test, 27 m for the 6MWT, and 3.3 repetitions for the 30s-STS test. Conclusions: All tests evaluated are reliable outcome measures for type 2 NID-DM patients. Clinical relevance: This study has generated novel MCD95 data, which will assist nursing practitioners in both prescribing the most beneficial exercise and interpreting posttreatment changes after rehabilitation in patients with T2DM

Biological Fixation of N2 in Mono and Polyspecific Legume Pasture in the Humid Mediterranean Zone of Chile

del Pozo, A (del Pozo, Alejandro). Univ Talca, Fac Ciencias Agr, Talca, ChileDespite annual legume pasture are of great importance for dryland agricultural systems in Mediterranean environments, there are few studies of N-2 biological fixation (NBF) reported in Chile. In this study the NBF of four annual legume species: subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.), arrow-leaf clover (T. vesiculosum L.), and crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.) (Experiment 1), as well as seven mixtures of these species (Experiment 2) were assessed. The NBF was measured by the N-15 natural abundance technique. The objective was to determine NBF in the legume species and in distinct mixtures used. The study was carried out in an Andisol of the Andean Precordillera located in the humid Mediterranean zone of Chile. Pasture was evaluated for biomass; and total N and natural abundance of N-15 were analyzed in plant material samples. In Experiment 1 (monospecific legume species pasture), N derived from fixation ranged between 43 and 147 kg N ha(-1) and where T. vesiculosum and T. subterraneum presented statistical differences (P <= 0.05) in connection with the other species. In the legume mixtures (Experiment 2), N derived by fixation varied between 97 and 214 kg N ha(-1) where the 50-50 mixtures (T. subterraneum and O. compressus, or T. subterraneum and T. vesiculosum, respectively) had the highest N fixation. Fixed N ranged between 12 and 25 kg N t(-1) DM, showing significant differences among mono and polyspecific legume species

Las concepciones de los futuros maestros sobre los fenómenos que pueden ocurrir al poner dos sustancias en contacto

En el contexto de la formación inicial de maestros estudiamos las concepciones de los estudiantes de Magisterio sobre los fenómenos que pueden ocurrir al poner dos sustancias en contacto, antes y después de realizar diferentes experiencias en el laboratorio. Los resultados indican que las mezclas son previstas inicialmente por la mayoría de los grupos de trabajo, mientras que los cambios químicos sólo lo son después de realizar las experiencias. Si bien el cambio en las propuestas de los grupos es muy heterogéneo, la mayoría se caracteriza por incluir al final una mayor presencia de los indicadores observables de los cambios químicos (cambio de color y producción de un gas) También se detecta la aparición de la idea de al poner dos sustancias en contacto pueden cambiar de estado

Osteopoiquilosis y síndrome de Buschke-Ollendörf: a propósito de un caso

Presentamos una paciente de 22 años que tras estudios radiológicos rutinarios, muestra una displasia ósea condensante, completamente asintomática e inócua, que afectaba principalmente pelvis y extremidades distales, mientras que las costillas, cráneo y columna dorsolumbar estaban indemnes. Asimismo, aparecen nevus elásticos y fibromas en la piel. Esta entidad no puede confundirse con un carcinoma metastásico esclerosante, esclerosis tuberosa u otras displasias como la melorreostosis.A female patient, 22 years oíd, showing characteristic sclerotic bone images on radiographic examinations is reported. The main locations were on the distal limbs and pelvis. She has also elastic nevi as freckles in the skin. This entity was not stablished as inhered process. The differential diagnosis lies between sclerotic metastasis, neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen), Bourneville disease and other displastyc lesions