A decade of ejecta dust formation in the Type IIn SN 2005ip

In order to understand the contribution of core-collapse supernovae to the dust budget of the early universe, it is important to understand not only the mass of dust that can form in core-collapse supernovae but also the location and rate of dust formation. SN 2005ip is of particular interest since dust has been inferred to have formed in both the ejecta and the post-shock region behind the radiative reverse shock. We have collated eight optical archival spectra that span the lifetime of SN 2005ip and we additionally present a new X-shooter optical-near-IR spectrum of SN 2005ip at 4075d post-discovery. Using the Monte Carlo line transfer code DAMOCLES, we have modelled the blueshifted broad and intermediate width H$\alpha$, H$\beta$ and He I lines from 48d to 4075d post-discovery using an ejecta dust model. We find that dust in the ejecta can account for the asymmetries observed in the broad and intermediate width H$\alpha$, H$\beta$ and He I line profiles at all epochs and that it is not necessary to invoke post-shock dust formation to explain the blueshifting observed in the intermediate width post-shock lines. Using a Bayesian approach, we have determined the evolution of the ejecta dust mass in SN 2005ip over 10 years presuming an ejecta dust model, with an increasing dust mass from ~10$^{-8}$ M$_{\odot}$ at 48d to a current dust mass of $\sim$0.1 M$_{\odot}$.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS, 17 pages, 11 figures. Author accepted manuscript. Accepted on 04/03/19. Deposited on 07/03/1

Classical and quantum regimes of the superfluid turbulence

We argue that turbulence in superfluids is governed by two dimensionless parameters. One of them is the intrinsic parameter q which characterizes the friction forces acting on a vortex moving with respect to the heat bath, with 1/q playing the same role as the Reynolds number Re=UR/\nu in classical hydrodynamics. It marks the transition between the "laminar" and turbulent regimes of vortex dynamics. The developed turbulence described by Kolmogorov cascade occurs when Re >> 1 in classical hydrodynamics, and q << 1 in the superfluid hydrodynamics. Another parameter of the superfluid turbulence is the superfluid Reynolds number Re_s=UR/\kappa, which contains the circulation quantum \kappa characterizing quantized vorticity in superfluids. This parameter may regulate the crossover or transition between two classes of superfluid turbulence: (i) the classical regime of Kolmogorov cascade where vortices are locally polarized and the quantization of vorticity is not important; and (ii) the quantum Vinen turbulence whose properties are determined by the quantization of vorticity. The phase diagram of the dynamical vortex states is suggested.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, version accepted in JETP Letter

Vortex vs spinning string: Iordanskii force and gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect

We discuss the transverse force acting on the spinning cosmic string, moving in the background matter. It comes from the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect and corresponds to the Iordanskii force acting on the vortex in superfluids, when the vortex moves with respect to the normal component of the liquid.Comment: Latex file, 9 pages, no figures, references are added, version submitted to JETP Let

Preliminary Rovibrational Analysis of the nν6+ν1−nν6 Vibration in HCN⋅⋅⋅HF

A preliminary rotation‐vibration analysis of the n=0 and n=1 subbands associated with the nν6+ν1−nν6 hydrogen‐bonded vibration in HCN⋅⋅⋅HF has been completed. The following excited staterotational constantsB′ and band origin frequencies ν0 have been determined for the complex. The results are consistent with a rotation‐vibration interaction constant α1=−68.3±1 MHz which correlates with an excited stater(N⋅⋅⋅F) internuclear distance of 2.762 Å, a decrease of 0.034 Å relative to the ground state.Excited state lifetimes associated with assigned transitions are demonstrated to be ≥1.8×10− 1 0s while the x 1 6 anharmonic constant is evaluated to be 4.01±0.03 cm− 1

The Physics of Heavy Flavours at SuperB

This is a review of the SuperB project, covering the accelerator, detector, and highlights of the broad physics programme. SuperB is a flavour factory capable of performing precision measurements and searches for rare and forbidden decays of $B_{u,d,s}$, $D$, $\tau$ and $\Upsilon({\mathrm{nS}})$ particles. These results can be used to test fundamental symmetries and expectations of the Standard Model, and to constrain many different hypothesised types of new physics. In some cases these measurements can be used to place constraints on the existence of light dark matter and light Higgs particles with masses below $10GeV/c^2$. The potential impact of the measurements that will be made by SuperB on the field of high energy physics is also discussed in the context of data taken at both high energy in the region around the \Upsilon({\mathrm{4S}})$, and near charm threshold.Comment: 49 pages, topical review submitted to J. Phys

Flow Phase Diagram for the Helium Superfluids

The flow phase diagram for He II and $^3$He-B is established and discussed based on available experimental data and the theory of Volovik [JETP Letters {\bf{78}} (2003) 553]. The effective temperature - dependent but scale - independent Reynolds number $Re_{eff}=1/q=(1+\alpha')/\alpha$, where $\alpha$ and $\alpha'$ are the mutual friction parameters and the superfluid Reynolds number characterizing the circulation of the superfluid component in units of the circulation quantum are used as the dynamic parameters. In particular, the flow diagram allows identification of experimentally observed turbulent states I and II in counterflowing He II with the turbulent regimes suggested by Volovik.Comment: 2 figure

Validation of the short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire in young adulthood

BACKGROUND: Depression often onsets in adolescence and is associated with recurrence in adulthood. There is a need to identify and monitor depression symptoms across adolescence and into young adulthood. The short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (sMFQ) is commonly used to measure depression symptoms in adolescence but has not been validated in young adulthood. This study aimed to (1) examine whether the sMFQ is valid in young adulthood, and (2) identify cut-points best capturing DSM-5 depression diagnosis at age 25 METHODS: The sample included participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) at age 25 (n = 4098). Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses examined how well the self-rated sMFQ discriminates between cases and non-cases of DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) classified using the self-rated Development and Well Being Assessment. Sensitivity and specificity values were used to identify cut-points on the sMFQ RESULTS: The sMFQ had high accuracy for discriminating MDD cases from non-cases at age 25. The commonly used cut-point in adolescence (≥12) performed well at this age, best balancing sensitivity and specificity. However, a lower cut-point (≥10) may be appropriate when favouring sensitivity over specificity e.g., in context of screening. Sensitivity analyses suggested similar results for males and females LIMITATIONS: ALSPAC is a longitudinal population cohort that suffers from non-random attrition CONCLUSIONS: The sMFQ is a valid measure of depression in young adults in the general population. It can be used to screen for and monitor depression across adolescence and early adulthood

Group singing-related technique workshops for people with inducible laryngeal obstruction: a feasibility study

Inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO) is an upper-airway disorder involving a heightened sensitivity of the larynx, obstructing airflow and potentially leading to breathing difficulties. Speaking can trigger, and be affected by, ILO symptoms. This research explored the feasibility of singing-related workshops for people with ILO. The aim was to increase participants’ vocal confidence by combining relaxation with improved control, tone, and projection. Five participants consented to participate in the research. The workshops were led by a voice teacher (VT) and a speech and language therapist (SLT), focusing on posture, breathing techniques, and singing techniques. Ten weekly workshops took place online, with the final session being hybrid where most participants attended in person. Data collection included weekly response forms with Likert scales to rate speaking and singing confidence and feedback on the workshops; interviews with VT and SLT; workshop observations; and a participant reflection questionnaire following the program. Participants reported a significant improvement in speaking and singing confidence as the workshops progressed. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: improvements in confidence, specifically in speaking and singing; the value of social support and meeting others with the condition; specific techniques and approaches that were beneficial; and benefits and disadvantages of the online format. This research demonstrates the feasibility of group singing workshops for people with ILO who do not have a background in singing, using an online format. It confirms the potential benefits of using singing-related techniques for this condition, supporting confidence in speaking and singing. Further research would be useful to extend the findings from this initial project and to provide a firm basis for introducing further programs using singing-related techniques for people with a range of upper-airway disorders. Future developments could include introducing these techniques in clinical settings and using them alongside (or as part of) speech and language therapy

Investigating the validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess ADHD in young adulthood

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms typically onset early and persist into adulthood for many. Robust investigation of symptom continuity and discontinuity requires repeated assessments using the same measure, but research is lacking into whether measures used to assess ADHD symptoms in childhood are also valid in adulthood. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is widely used to assess ADHD symptoms in children, but little is known about its utility in adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the SDQ hyperactivity/ADHD subscale to distinguish between cases and non-cases of DSM-5 ADHD at age 25 years in a UK population cohort (N=4121). ADHD diagnosis was derived using the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Analyses suggested that the self-rated SDQ ADHD subscale had high validity in distinguishing ADHD cases/non-cases in young adulthood (area under the curve=0.90, 95% CI=0.87-0.93) and indicated a lower cut-point for identifying those who may have an ADHD diagnosis in this age group compared to that currently recommended for younger ages. Findings were similar for parent-reports. Our findings suggest that the SDQ is suitable for ADHD research across different developmental periods, which will aid the robust investigation of ADHD from childhood to young adulthood

The feasibility of an online platform delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic respiratory disease

Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Introduction SARS-CoV-2 has restricted access to face-to-face delivery of Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR). Evidence suggests that telehealth-PR is non-inferior to outpatient PR. However, it is unknown whether patients who have been referred to face-to-face programmes can feasibly complete an online-PR programme. Methods This service evaluation used a mixed-methods approach to investigate a rapid PR service remodelling using the University of Gloucestershire eLearn Moodle platform. Quantitative baseline demographic and PR outcome data were collected from online-PR participants, and semi-structured interviews were completed with PR staff and participants. Results Twenty-five individuals were eligible from a PR waiting list. Thirteen declined participation and fourteen completed PR. Significant Pre-post online PR improvements were achieved in 1-minute sit-to-stand (Confidence interval (CI) 2.1 - 9 (p = 0.004)), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (CI -0.3 - -2.6(p = 0.023)), Primary Health Questionnaire-9 (CI -5.1 - -0.3 (p = 0.029)), Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire dyspnoea (CI 0.5 - 1.3 (p = 0.001)), Fatigue (CI 0.7 - 2 (p = 0.0004)), Emotion (CI 0.7 - 1.7 (p = 0.0002)), Mastery (CI 0.4 - 1.3(p = 0.001)). Interviews indicated that patient PR inclusion was made possible with digital support and a PR introduction session improved participant engagement and safety. Incremental progression of exercise was perceived as more successful online compared to face-to-face PR. However, perceptions were that education sessions were less successful. Online-PR required significant staff time resource. Discussion Online-PR improves patient outcomes, is feasible and acceptable for individuals referred for face-to-face PR in the context of a requirement for social distancing. Face-to-face programmes can be adapted in a rapid fashion with both staff and participants perceiving benefit. Future pragmatic trials are now warranted comparing online-PR including remote assessments to centre-based PR with suitably matched outcomes, and patient and staff perceptions sought regarding barriers and facilitators of online delivery.The University of Gloucestershire, Sport, Exercise, Health and Wellbeing Internal Research Grant Programme 2019-2020The University of Gloucestershire, Sport, Exercise, Health and Wellbeing Internal Research Grant Programme 2019-2020, for £8047