Renewables energies in Colombia and the opportunity for the offshore wind technology

This paper displays a review of the literature which shows international actions that have motivated different countries to establish strategies to reduce C02 emissions and the high dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, advances and challenges of the offshore wind energy (OWE) are presented through the experiences of several countries. The administrative framework of the renewable energy, the potential of marine energy, and the needs and opportunities of Colombia are shown. The present document gathers technical, economic, administrative and legal information of the renewable energies in Colombia that may be used for taking decisions of different stakeholders

Expected implications of climate change on the corrosion of structures

The report presents the work of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) scientific network on adaptation of structural design to climate change addressing the expected implications of a changing climate on the corrosion of structures. The work first outlines recent EU policies supporting the sustainability and climate resilience of infrastructure and buildings. It is highlighted how the construction sector is encouraged to adopt more sustainable and circular economic practices, extend the lifetime of buildings and strive for better performance of buildings and infrastructure throughout their life cycle. The ongoing action plan to adapt European standards to a changing climate is emphasised. The report evaluates the expected variations in climatic factors causing corrosion, provides a state-of-the-art review on climate change induced corrosion of reinforced concrete and steel structures, and presents recent works on the corrosion impact, the costs and effectiveness of adaptation strategies. The effects of corrosion on the seismic performance of structures is addressed as well. In conclusion, this report presents the scientific and technical background to study the expected implications of climate change on the corrosion of structures. The work intends to stimulate debate on the subject, identify further research needs, and serve as a basis for the development of further work relevant to the adaptation to climate change of European standards and policies.JRC.E.4-Safety and Security of Building

Probabilistic failure analysis, performance assessment, and sensitivity analysis of corroded reinforced concrete structures

202203 bcfcAccepted ManuscriptRGCOthersNational Key R&D Program of China; NNSFC; Regional Council of ‘Pays de la Loire’Publishe

Carbonatation sous température variable : effet du réchauffement climatique sur la fiabilité des structures en Béton Armé

National audienceThis study aims at quantifying the effect of global warming on the durability of concrete structures exposed to a risk of corrosion induced by carbonation. Various climate evolution scenarios being available, the purpose is to develop a numerical model for carbonation under variable conditions of temperature, relative humidity and CO 2 pressure, suitable for probabilistic approach, so that the scenarios can be compared through the reliability index of a concrete structure exposed to atmospheric carbonation in several cities in France, and following different global warming scenarios. It appears that global warming and global evolution of relative humidity have a significant impact on structural safety.Cette étude a pour objectif de quantifier l'impact du réchauffement climatique sur la durabilité des structures en béton armé exposées à un risque de corrosion des armatures initiée par la carbonatation du matériau cimentaire. Différents scenarii d'évolution du climat sont envisagés, pour quelques villes françaises, et la comparaison entre eux se fait sur la base de l'indice de fiabilité d'une même structure soumise à ces scenarii. La détermination de l'indice de fiabilité requiert la mise en oeuvre de méthodes probabilistes nécessitant de nombreux appels à un code de simulation numérique, d'où le besoin de développer un outil numérique adapté. A la lumière de cette étude il apparaît que le scenario de réchauffement climatique (évolution du CO 2 , de l'humidité et de la température) a un impact significatif sur la sûreté de l'ouvrage

Carbonatation sous température variable : effet du réchauffement climatique sur la fiabilité des structures en Béton Armé

National audienceThis study aims at quantifying the effect of global warming on the durability of concrete structures exposed to a risk of corrosion induced by carbonation. Various climate evolution scenarios being available, the purpose is to develop a numerical model for carbonation under variable conditions of temperature, relative humidity and CO 2 pressure, suitable for probabilistic approach, so that the scenarios can be compared through the reliability index of a concrete structure exposed to atmospheric carbonation in several cities in France, and following different global warming scenarios. It appears that global warming and global evolution of relative humidity have a significant impact on structural safety.Cette étude a pour objectif de quantifier l'impact du réchauffement climatique sur la durabilité des structures en béton armé exposées à un risque de corrosion des armatures initiée par la carbonatation du matériau cimentaire. Différents scenarii d'évolution du climat sont envisagés, pour quelques villes françaises, et la comparaison entre eux se fait sur la base de l'indice de fiabilité d'une même structure soumise à ces scenarii. La détermination de l'indice de fiabilité requiert la mise en oeuvre de méthodes probabilistes nécessitant de nombreux appels à un code de simulation numérique, d'où le besoin de développer un outil numérique adapté. A la lumière de cette étude il apparaît que le scenario de réchauffement climatique (évolution du CO 2 , de l'humidité et de la température) a un impact significatif sur la sûreté de l'ouvrage

Effects of biodeterioration on the mechanical properties of concrete

Concrete biodeterioration in sewers and structures subjected to environments rich in hydrogen sulfide has been related to the activity of sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB). In previous studies, the effect of the activity of SOB on concrete structures has been linked mainly to weight loss. In our work we have investigated, in addition to the weight loss, the variations in porosity and compressive strength. The main objective of this paper is to explore, under controlled conditions, the effect of biodegradation of non-submerged samples, on both the physical properties and the mechanical performance. Towards this aim, cement mortar samples inoculated with pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Halothiobacillus neapolitanus, and a consortium containing both strains, were exposed to an H2S-rich environment. Changes in physical properties, including weight and porosity, and compressive strength were measured over 300 days. The results showed that the greatest reduction of weight and compressive strength was observed in samples inoculated with the consortium (7 and 52 %, respectively); while the largest variation in porosity was observed in samples inoculated with A. thiooxidans (27 %). These results were used to obtain relationships between the amount of sulfur available over time with specific physical and mechanical properties; i.e., compressive strength, porosity, weight loss, and physical appearance