SOCIAL CHANGE, ADULT EDUCATION AND SOCIOLOGY

Adult education has gained importance recently as a type of education which is different from formal education in terms of learning, teaching and program contents. When examined in the historical process with its content and programs, it is observed that adult education is shaped by the economic, social and political conditions. Contents and programs that change over time also differ among societies in line with their own conditions and needs. The rapid change of adult education's content in accordance with social conditions makes it inevitable to consider adult education from a sociological perspective. Moreover, adult education contents and programs provide important data in order to monitor social change and prior economic and social needs of different eras. On the other hand, determining the planning of adult education, its programs, target audience and educational contents by economic, social and political conditions strengthens the link between adult education and sociology. Especially using the opportunities of sociology in the planning of educational contents, target audience and training will strengthen the effect of adult education. This study aims to look at the the historical background of adult education sociologically and discuss the contribution that sociology's current opportunities can provide adult education. © 2021. All Rights Reserved

Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.Animal science

Serum C-reactive protein to albumin ratio as a novel inflammation biomarker in psoriasis patients treated with adalimumab, ustekinumab, infliximab, and secukinumab: A retrospective study

Aim To assess C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) be-fore and after treatment with biological agents in patients with psoriasis to determine whether CAR can be used as an inflammation biomarker. Methods Medical records of patients with psoriasis treat-ed with biological agents at the Department of Dermatology, Gazi University Hospital were retrospectively evaluated between June 2018 and August 2019. The patients were divided into four groups based on the type of treatment (adalimumab, ustekinumab, infliximab, secukinumab). CAR was evaluated before and three months after treatment. Results The study enrolled 157 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (91 male) aged between 18 and 85. CAR significantly decreased in all treatment groups (adalimumab group P<0.001; ustekinumab P=0.006; infliximab P=0.007; secukinumab P<0.001). The most prominent decrease in CAR was observed in patients treated with secukinumab (median CAR before treatment 1.52 {[}1.01-3.04] and after treatment 0.84 {[}0.62-0.99]). Conclusion CAR may be a good indicator of systemic inflammation in psoriasis patients treated with biological agents

A comparative study on performance characteristics of multicomponent core-spun yarns containing cotton/PET/elastane

This paper experimentally investigated the characteristics of different (filament and multicomponent) core-spun yarn type. Filament core-spun yarns comprised cotton covered drawn textured (DTY) polyester (PET) filaments with four different filament finenesses. Regarding the production of multicomponent (dual) core-spun yarns, both PET with four different filament finenesses and elastane with four levels of draft variable were fed simultaneously. Yarn samples were produced with modified ring spinning system at the same spinning conditions. As a control group, 100% cotton ring-spun yarn was also manufactured. Tensile properties, unevenness, imperfections and hairiness of yarn samples were determined. Also, fatigue characteristics of yarn samples were examined at two different loading of cycles. The results showed that filament fineness had a significant effect on all yarn properties being determined. Dynamic modulus and dynamic strain properties of yarns, filament fineness, elastane draft and number of cycle were found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level. © 2019, © 2019 The Textile Institute

Ophiolitic chromitites from the Kızılyüksek area of the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite (Adana, southern Turkey): Implication for crystallization from a fractionated boninitic melt

Ophiolitic rocks are widely distributed in Turkey. One type, the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite from southern Turkey, contains a large number of chromitite deposits located mostly in the mantle peridotites and close to the Moho transition zone dunite and cumulate dunites. Cr-spinel grains from the chromitites are represented by high Cr# [100 × Cr / (Cr + Al) = 68–81], and their Mg# [100 × Mg / (Mg + Fe2 +)] range from 54 to 71. Gallium and Co contents vary between 18 and 32 ppm and 185–266 ppm, respectively, and they show negative correlation with Cr#. A detailed optical investigation reveals that the Cr-spinel grains contain silicate, platinum-group mineral (PGM) and base metal sulfide (BMS) inclusions. Single phase inclusions of amphibole are the only hydrous silicate phases in the investigated chromitites, and they contain low TiO2 (&lt; 0.43 wt.%). Olivine, with high Fo (~ 96) and NiO contents (0.48–0.68 wt.%), and clinopyroxene, with low TiO2 (&lt; 0.1 wt.%), Al2O3 (&lt; 2.84 wt.%) and Na2O contents (&lt; 0.4 wt.%) were also observed as primary silicate inclusions. Chromitites contain low concentrations of total platinum-group elements (PGE) ranging between 32 and 162 ppb, with an average value of 93 ppb. Primitive mantle-normalized PGE diagrams show almost flat to positive slopes from Os to Rh (RhN/OsN = 0.99 to 8.5) and negative slope from Rh to Pt and Pd. All samples show marked positive Ru anomalies. Consistent with the geochemical data, Ru, Os, and Ir bearing PGE sulfide (laurite-erlichmanite solid solution series [(Ru, Os)S2–(Os, Ru)S2] phases) are the most common PGM detected in the investigated chromitite samples. They show a narrow range of Os-Ru substitution [Ru#; Ru/(Ru + Os) = 0.72–0.97], indicating no erlichmanite in the PGM paragenesis. In addition to the most common PGM laurite, several osmium (Os, Ir), iridium (Ir, Os), irarsite, and one single grain of speryllite (PtAs2) were detected as magmatic inclusions in Cr-spinel. Three unknown PGE/PGE–BME (base metal element) phases were also detected in Cr-spinel grains with compositions that correspond to the chemical formulas of (Os, Ru, Ir, Rh, Fe, Pd)2S5, Ir(Rh,Pt,Ni,Cu)S3, and (Ir, Rh, Ru)2(Ni, Cu)S3, respectively. The high Cr# and low Ti content of Cr-spinel grains and amphibole inclusions with low Ti content as hydrous phases in Cr-spinel grains require a hydrous melt depleted in incompatible trace elements for the formation of investigated chromitites; therefore, we suggest a fore arc tectonic environment for the generation of Kızılyüksek chromitites. The presence of Os-Ir alloys and Ru-rich laurites implies that Cr-spinel crystallization took place at relatively high temperature (1100–1300 °C) and low ƒ(S2) (between - 1 and - 3) conditions. Major and trace element compositional variations of Cr-spinel, wide variation of RhN/OsN ratios of the chromitites and depletion of Os in the chromitites compared to Ir and Ru may imply that Kızılyüksek chromitites crystallized from a variously fractionated boninitic melt. © 2016 Elsevier B.V